Isondo umbala Goethe kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo

Nsuku zonke sisebenzelana nabantu abanobuntu izimbali - ngokukhetha entsha Iphalethi ingaphakathi, Umbala ingubo, ithoni wenze-up noma nail sula, sifunani indawo efanelekayo noma emkhathini umthunzi. Emadokodweni ukuhweba, engazi, thina makudle umkhiqizo othize, ikakhulukazi ebhekisela umbala wakhe.

Omunye wabasunguli be "Theory ka Imibala" indoda echaza izintandokazi umbala abantu kusukela umbono kwengqondo, kuyinto sefilosofi esidumile futhi imbongi Iogann Volfgang gote. isondo Color, wasikisela ekhulwini XIX, njengoba isisekelo kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela umbala ngokuvumelana, naphezu yokuntuleka ukuqashelwa abantu bangesikhathi sakhe, sisetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla.

Ubunikazi umdali umqondo umbala

Gote Iogann Wolfgang wazalwa ngo 1748 e umuzi wezentengiselwano eJalimane - Frankfurt. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu zefilosofi omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi izimbongi we XVIII ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni XIX leminyaka. Kodwa, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi uJohann Wolfgang wayebuye usosayensi yemvelo - wabuthanisa iqoqo elikhulu amaminerali, omunye ethiwa emva kwakhe - goethite, futhi ilungelo immortalize igama lakhe isihloko omunye asemigodini emhlabeni Mercury.

Ukuze omunye impumelelo enkulu kule ndoda natural sciences zihlanganisa "isondo umbala Goethe" - (. German noSuri Farbenlehre) umbala theory kanye inhlanganisela yayo, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1810 encwadini ethi "Ngo-mbono yokuziphendukela umbala". Kuyo usosayensi ethulwa umbono wakhe subjective ubunjalo nombala, kanye wavula umbuzo mayelana photoreception womuntu. Lo mbono kwaba ephikisana linqoba ngesikhathi izimfundiso ngokomzimba mayelana nohlobo umbala, futhi ngenxa yalokho engakaze sina wamukela abantu bangesikhathi sakhe. Nokho, uJohann Wolfgang futhi akazange abazami ukumchazela lokhu mkhuba kusukela umbono physics. Iningi kumayelana ngalo mbuzo: "? Yiziphi imizwa nemizwelo ungumuntu noma ukuthi umbala"

Imibono ephathelene nohlobo umbala

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbili izindlela kwencazelo imibala yemvelo:

• Ngo indlela yokuqala, ogama labo abanamathela kukhona abamele sciences ngqo, umbala akuyona ngaphezu kwalezo ezibonwa yiso yomuntu ukuba nombono yokukhanya. Le ndlela kungabuye olubizwa "kusondela luhlangotsi womuntu" lapho umuntu ngamunye ubona umbala ehlukile.
• Eyesibili indlela, okuyinto igama lesibili - "Goethe sika umbala mbuthano," umbala uthathwa njengomgcini elibanzi ekhona ngokwemvelo izidakamizwa.

kuveza zefilosofi isakhiwo zomhlaba utshelwa Goethe ukuze ngokubona wayekhona ngempela umbala ngokwemvelo. Ngemva kwalokho, usosayensi wanquma ukuhlola ngamunye wabo ngokuya Psychology, futhi kutholakale umsuka wendaba yesihluku umthelela wabo ubuchopho bomuntu.

Nokho, ukusho ukuthi isondo umbala Ioganna gote - imfundiso yeqiniso zefilosofi ngokuyisisekelo abuqinisile. Ekuqaleni Iphalethi lalinabashumayeli 6 imibala, kwathi ngekhulu XIX landiswa amayunithi 24 physics German Vilgelmom Osvaldom.

umbala Palette

Abantu abasebenza izimbali kanye eyolanda shades obunobunye zisebenzisa isondo umbala Goethe.

• Basic umbala uhla obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi. sici yabo esiwuphawu - abakwazi etholwe ngokuxuba eminye imibala kanye aziphilele ngawodwa abe yizinto.
• Orange, oluhlaza futhi violet - wesibili oda imibala. Basuke uzilungiselele ngokuxuba amayunithi eliyisisekelo
• Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona imibala third-oda wadala ngokuxuba imibala zamabanga aphansi naphezulu.

Ngamunye wabo kuyinto ihlule amandla, okubangela imizwa ethile kubantu.

Umbala isondo Goethe isithombe

Kukhona uhla 2 izinhlobo.

1. Palette 6 imibala.

2. Palette 24 imibala.

umbala Ubumnene

Ngo inqubo izifundo enokwehla bathole ukuthi imizwa subjective lomuntu ayahluka 3-4 degrees, kuncike umbala izindonga ekamelweni. Kule ndaba, uJohann Wolfgang Ubumnene isethelwe umbala ngamunye kuye "lokushisa" yayo esikalini ka "efudumele - abandayo".

• imibala ophuzi kanye orange of Goethe isibaluli "omuhle", ngoba uma ubheka kubo umuntu uyajabula, kuba imizwa enhlobonhlobo.
• Okwesibhakabhaka lokuyibubende - ezingezinhle. Izikhala egcwele umbala eshiwo, ungajabule futhi ungelutho.
• Usosayensi Pure abomvu green kwabalelwa hlangothi.

Uma ungeza umthunzi ikakhulukazi umbala sici ishintshelwa omuhle, negative noma hlangothi.

I-oda we inhlanganisela

Abaklami, abaklami, wochwepheshe futhi wenze-up - bonke abantu abasebenza ngemibala, ukusebenzisa isondo zabo ukwenza umbala Goethe futhi uqondiswe yile mithetho elandelayo:

Ukubusa inombolo 1. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa imibala esuke okuphambene nomunye. bebizwa ayahambelana futhi. Ngokwesibonelo, onsomi futhi aphuzi Okusizayo aphelele kanye nokuqinisa indlela enhle.

Ukubusa inombolo 2. Imibala, esisogwini phezulu omunye onxantathu, nobunye. Ngokwesibonelo, blue, violet kanye oluhlaza. Lo mthetho ubizwa ngokuthi "emithathu umbala ngokuvumelana."

Ukubusa inombolo 3. Imibala, esisogwini amakhona isikwele, nobunye. Ngokwesibonelo, blue, violet, ophuzi kanye orange. Lo mthetho ubizwa nangokuthi "umbala umphelelisi."

inombolo Rule 4. Imibala leli sondo umbala zitholakala eseduze, sihlanganise kahle nomunye. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-analog. Ngokuvamile, ngesisekelo ungomunye wabo, kanye nezinye izenzo ibhekwa nangezindlela zibekwe njengesenabelo.

inombolo Rule 5. Shades sise eyodwa vertex unxantathu, zingahlanganiswa iyiphi inombolo. isondo Modern umbala Goethe has vertices 24. kungaba ngobugebengu Umbala ngamunye wabo zingahlukaniswa ngalezindlela ezilandelayo eziningi imibala futhi siwasebenzise umsebenzi noma imisebenzi.

Rule № 6. imibala Neutral zingahlanganiswa nomunye, noma ngabe lungakanani. Lezi zihlanganisa: omhlophe, onsundu, grey, abamnyama.

Umqondo umbala umbuthano ezweni lanamuhla

Isayensi akuyona esikhundleni, kuhlanganise koloristka. Imodeli yesimanje ye -RGB imibala umqondo, obadalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, uJohann Wolfgang von Goethe.

isondo umbala Goethe sika kwekhulu 2nd ladluliselwa 24 imibala sibonga ucwaningo Itten futhi Oswald nokuthi abantu bayokwahlulelwa kanjani umqondo yesimanje umbala. Njengoba ngaphambili, imibala eyinhloko obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye oluhlaza - imodeli yesimanje ye-RGB (Red, Gray, Blue) . Nokho, manje linikezwa hhayi imibala ezimele futhi umbuthano umyela.

Umbala kudlala indima enkulu ezimpilweni zethu, kanye shades ezithile kwanda kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, obomvu lifanekisela ingozi namaphutha, futhi oluhlaza - kunalokho, esenzweni. Kuyinto umthetho engabhaliwe okwakudingeka ukuthi wenze ukuphila kwethu uJohann Wolfgang von Goethe. isondo Color, wadala ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, phakathi neminyaka eyikhulu eyalandela singezelelwe 18 imibala - 6 kuya 24. Kodwa, umcabango umbala, wadala ngesisekelo izintandokazi womuntu ezingokwengqondo, naphezu yokuntuleka ubuqiniso yesayensi, it is wayisebenzisa ngekhulu xxi, it yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo zanamuhla umbala onobuhle.