Jikelele Pedagogy - Iyini? Imisebenzi ka pedagogy jikelele

Isiyalo ku imithetho elawula imfundo yomuntu, okuyinto ekuthuthukiseni ngokuqeqesha inqubo yemfundo ezikhungweni zemfundo ye zonke izinhlobo - pedagogy jikelele. Le mfundo kusiza ukuthola ulwazi ngesayensi eziyisisekelo umphakathi, imvelo, yomuntu. Ngokusebenzisa pedagogy njengendlela isiyalo kwakhiwa yalelozwe nokuthuthukisa amandla ulwazi, kuba amaphethini osobala izinqubo zomhlaba, nemakhono labawatfolile njengoba zabasebenzi kanye ukuqeqeshwa, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze wonke umuntu. pedagogy Jikelele - kuyinto isisusa enkulu ukuthengwa ezihlukahlukene futhi ezisebenzisekayo. Kuyinto uhlelo theory wesayensi Pedagogical, okuyinto ihlola Pedagogical ulwazi, imisebenzi kanye nezindlela, theory kanye umkhuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo lapho phakathi neminye imikhakha yesayensi ihlanganisa pedagogy jikelele. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze izifundo eziningi siqale sihloko. Okokuqala, ukuchaza indima, ukubaluleka nokubambisana neminye imikhakha yesayensi kudingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi pedagogy theory kanye isicelo.

Izigaba kanye namazinga

Isihloko pedagogy jikelele kuhlukaniswe ezine eziyinhloko, manje ngalinye elikwazi isibe legatsha ezimele yolwazi.

1. lezisekelo Jikelele.
2. Ukufunda theory (didactics).
3. Theory lemfundo.
4. ukuphathwa kwesikole.

Ingxenye ngayinye ingabonwa emazingeni ezimbili - i-theory kanye isicelo. pedagogy Jikelele -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ulwazi lwesayensi, okuyinto esekelwe systematization kanye ngezigaba amaqiniso ezidingekayo futhi kwencazelo ubudlelwane inhloso phakathi kwabo. Ukuncela ulwazi entsha kalula kakhulu enikeziwe nokusetshenziswa kolwazi esingilitholile ukuthi etholakale hhayi kuphela pedagogy ekilasini, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene nezinye izinto. Jikelele izisekelo pedagogy ukwethula umfundi umnyombo isayensi, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze abone izixhumanisi kanye amaphetheni, okuyinto luyimfuneko systematization amaqiniso ezidinga luhlolo. Khudlwana ezingeni erudition, uma umuntu othatha ifa imiqondo uhlelo. Okungukuthi, lezi ulwazi kanye namakhono kanye kudlule Uhlaka jikelele ukuze zithole imfundo.

Ingxenye yalo isiyalo ingxenye yayo theory - didactics, okwembula esibonelweni nokwenziwa ngokuhlola yonke indaba ukuze okungukuthi, imfundiso yokuziphendukela pedagogy jikelele. Futhi ivolumu kuchazwe, futhi isakhiwo course ngayinye, sibangelwa futhi kuthuthukisa amafomu enhlangano nezinhlaka izindlela kwayo yonke le nqubo yokufunda. Theory emfundweni - we pedagogy jikelele, ukutadisha izinqubo yentuthuko ubuntu, ukwakheka izinkolelo, ukuhlaziywa kanye yayihluke imfundo ngayinye ubudlelwane ngabanye kanye ekuchumana. Theory ka imfundo iqukethe izindlela zokusebenzisa abantu angefani bokusungula, ukubonakaliswa volitional, ngezici zobuntu, izisusa kanye nezithakazelo. Ezemfundo kuza ezindaweni eziyisithupha: ngokomzimba, ukusebenza, tebuciko, zokuziphatha, zomthetho nabanengqondo.

Ubudala pedagogy

pedagogy Jikelele nezobuchwepheshe zihluke ngokuphelele olimini nomunye, ngezinga elikhulu, incike umkhawulo yobudala. Kusitshela nokuqeqeshwa professional emkhakheni imfundo professional: ukufundisa kungagcwala zezimboni, sokufundela, ezemfundo secondary ezikhethekile esikoleni esiphakeme enegama okuhambisanayo negatsha ngalinye. Okulandelayo, futhi igatsha ngamunye unomthwalo "amahlamvu", okungukuthi ulwazi Pedagogical sehlukaniswe tincenye elehlukile, kuxhomeke ukusetshenziswa umkhakha. Ngakho kwafika pedagogy lempi, ubunjiniyela, wezokwelapha nokunye. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, i-pedagogy jikelele kanye sokufundela zuku efanayo. Vele yobudala izifundo zohlelo lwezifundo imininingwane ngaphakathi abangontanga ngamunye ethize, esehlanganise bonke ubudala kusukela ekuzalweni ebudaleni egcwele. Likhono engu ubuchwepheshe pedagogy, amathuluzi, amasu, amaphethini inhlangano ukuqeqeshwa izinqubo zemfundo kuzo zonke izikhungo zemfundo - anoma yiluphi uhlobo.

• Nursery pedagogy.
• Jikelele zasenkulisa pedagogy.
• Pedagogy esikoleni esiphakeme.
• Pedagogy imfundo ephakeme.
• Androgogics (abadala).
• Pedagogy we Okwesithathu Age (asebekhulile).

Mayelana esikoleni izinkinga pedagogy kudingeka sibuye kabanzi ezimbalwa, ngoba ixazululwe ngokusebenzisa amathekhiniki uvumelane ukusetshenziswa ekufundiseni abantu babo bonke ubudala. Lapha sifunda onobuhle ahlukahlukene emfundo - impucuko, izifundazwe zokwakheka, okubonisa izinqubo mutual kwezemfundo nezenhlalo. Sibheka izinkinga nokuphathwa imfundo enhlanganweni inqubo yemfundo, ihlaziya umsebenzi kwezinhlangano ngabanye ezemfundo, igxile izindlela nokuphathwa okuqukethwe ibhizinisi esikoleni ngabaphethe - kusukela phansi kuze, kusukela umqondisi isikhungo eMnyango Wezemfundo. Imisebenzi ka pedagogy jikelele ukuza ikakhulukazi kusukela nezidingo eliphakeme ubuholi.

ochwepheshe

Ukukhiqizwa pedagogy okuhloswe ngalo ukuba kuqeqeshwe abantu abasebenza, izimisa ukuba intuthuko professional, isingeniso ubuchwepheshe obusha, nokuqeqeshwa professional. Lo mphumela ethize kokuqukethwe okokusebenza zemfundo nokuqukethwe. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana ukuqeqeshwa ezempi. Lena imfundo ekhethekile jikelele, ukutadisha izici imfundo emkhakheni lempi. Lapha, amaphethini ehlukene futhi izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo, izindlela kanye namafomu e imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi zezempi zanoma yiliphi isikhundla. Le ndlela efanayo futhi kudinga pedagogic ethize kanye jikelele emphakathini. It study izinqubo of ungubani kwetinhlavu imininingwane yalolu Izimo zempilo nenhlalo yezindawo ukunakwa wakhe igxile ngeziphambeko kusukela kuyinsakavukela futhi izizathu nesenzakalo yabo, futhi nezindlela of resocialization ka deviants. pedagogy Social uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: umndeni, zokuvimbela futhi elidinga isijeziso (kabusha abaphuli). Kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi into pedagogic jikelele zingase zishintshe kakhulu, kuncike ethize isicelo ulwazi.

Defectology - pedagogy wezamaJele ukuthi study ekuphathweni Amathrendi ekuthuthukisweni kwabantu abakhubazekile emzimbeni noma engqondweni. Kunezindawo eziningana abahlukene ngaphakathi kule ndawo, elimelela pedagogy jikelele. Umlando Pedagogy nemfundo ubiza lokuqala iyiphi amagatsha izindawo, amazinga emfundo nomsebenzi inhlalakahle. Ngemva kwalokho defectology eyingoduso hhayi kuphela abafundi zwa umbono, nengqondo, kodwa futhi kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo inkulumo neziyaluyalu, ebhasha ngengqondo, ne ukunyakaza iziyaluyalu futhi akakhulumi. Ngaphezu kwalezi amagatsha luyingxenye okusebenzayo kanye theory abe - a pedagogy ukuqhathanisa, lapho into pedagogy jikelele etadisha Amathrendi futhi amaphethini umkhuba futhi imfundiso ezindaweni ezahlukene kanye namazwe, imininingwane kazwelonke, isilinganiso Amathrendi, ngifuna amafomu nezindlela of kokucetshiswa mutual ezikhungweni zemfundo nokusetshenziswa isipiliyoni angaphandle.

Imithetho kanye regularities

Noma yimuphi isayensi siqukethe isimiso semithetho nemithetho yabo. Uyini umthetho, uma ungenawo ukuxhumana kanye conditionality kancane kancane okuphindaphindiwe nokungokoqobo. Ulwazi umthetho kusiza zembula hhayi konke ubudlelwane kanye nezokuxhumana, futhi yibo kuphela abonisa ngokugcwele lo mkhuba uqobo. Imithetho kukhona umgomo, ngoba kuphela ngokoqobo equkethwe kuwo. Omunye subsystems nomphakathi - mfundiso, futhi izingxenye zalo ngendlela efanayo exhunywe ubuhlobo.

Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukufundisa umthetho njengoba isigaba noma umqondo. pedagogy Jikelele ephatha ke njengoba isigaba elisho inhloso, kubalulekile, kudingekile, ezivamile futhi uzinze mkhuba okuvela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile Pedagogical, kanye nobuhlobo yezingxenye lonke uhlelo, ezibonisa izindlela iSilekeleli Sokwazisa, self-ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusebenza lefundo lilonke. iphethini efanayo - ukubonisa umthetho, kukhona ingxenye ethile welithi "efundisa umthetho", ngoba wasebenzisa ekuhloleni izakhi ngabanye kohlelo futhi amaqembu athile ukuze inqubo yemfundo.

izimiso

Izimiso pedagogy jikelele esekelwe nje ngesisekelo imithetho futhi regularities, khomba lomkhuba ngakho, lokho kufanele kuhle, futhi ukunikeza lesi sitshalo indlela kungcono ukwenza ukubhekana Izinjongo efanele Pedagogical. Izimiso bakhonze njengamaphayona izidingo zomthetho kanye nenqubo kangakanani ngcono izixazululo. nabo kungaba isikhundla oyinhloko nesikhali isici uhlelo ukwakha sokuthuthukiswa pedagogy theory.

Izimiso ekufundiseni isayensi lisho isethi: prirodosoobraznost futhi kulturosoobraznogo, ehlelekile neqhubekayo, inkinga futhi optimality, ukutholakala ukuqeqeshwa nabanye abaningi. isigaba Pedagogical, okubonisa ilungiselelo lomthetho main, esekelwe amaphethini befundisa futhi elinesimo nesu ukuxazulula izinkinga zemfundo (izinkinga) - lokhu izimiso Pedagogical. Ngamunye wabo luyasetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile kuphela.

imithetho

nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho, imithetho, kanye nezincomo isicelo ukuqaliswa kumigomo yemfundvo nekucecesha - imithetho Pedagogical. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso ukuyikhokhela nokufinyeleleka yokufunda kufanele ukusebenza ngosizo mithetho: zokubala ezingeni langempela ukulungela ekuthuthukiseni abafundi, ukusetshenziswa lokufundisa imithombo, kuhlanganise ukubonakala, ukusungula izinto ngaphambili azifundile entsha izinyathelo ukuhambisana yinkimbinkimbi impahla nokunye.

Izimiso ichaze isu imisebenzi yokufundisa, futhi imithetho - amacebo ayo, ukuthi, baphathe esisebenzayo, isicelo ukubaluleka, njengoba olusungulelwe isixazululo yezinkinga ezithile futhi zibonisa ngabanye esiyimbangela ubudlelwano, kunokuba iphethini zemfundo jikelele. Ngakho-ke, lapho efundisa esisebenzayo imisebenzi kumele isekelwe ohlelweni lonke imithetho nezimiso zonke ubuqotho bayo kanye ukuhambisana kwemicabango njengemisho izakhi ngabanye. Lokho ukwenza kanjalo kudinga lonke iqoqo imithetho yayo pedagogy jikelele. Ezemfundo kumele kube ngempumelelo - kuba isimiso esikhulu, okuyinto ihlala phezulu kohlelo anokuhambisana kwemithetho zemfundo neziqondiso.

amagama

Igama elibhekisela wesayensi ezimbili ezihlukene, kuzwakala "psychology zemfundo", lapho izwi lokuqala - base isayensi, kodwa egatsheni eyinhloko Psychology, yakhelwe ukutadisha regularities enqubeni lwemfundo noqeqesho. Jikelele Psychology futhi Pedagogy - isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi igama kancane disparate ngoba lesi siyalo. A kwengqondo Pedagogical uhlala futhi ithuthukisa njengenhlangano isayensi isicelo ukuthuthukisa nokufundisa umkhuba, usebenzisa ipumelelo wonke amagatsha kwengqondo.

Leli gama livele injalo manje akuyona ngokushesha. Border isiyalo phakathi kwengqondo kanye pedagogy ziye ucwaninga igama yase iqamba pedology, le pedagogy zokuhlola, futhi kuphela yesithathu yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili, lezi zimiso ziye zihambe kahle futhi umahluko. pedagogy kokulinganisa, ngasendleleni, ikhona njengenkampani mkhakha wocwaningo Pedagogical ngokoqobo kanye psychology zemfundo isibe umkhakha wolwazi kanye isisekelo ngokwengqondo ngoba imfundo okusebenzayo kanye theory.

Imininingwane Yolwazi kanye lezinto

Njengoba Psychology zemfundo study imithetho yentuthuko ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa lomuntu, ixhumaniswa eduze namanye eyala: a umehluko nengane kwengqondo, psychophysiology futhi, yebo, kanye pedagogy - theory kanye nama-practical. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka umnyombo isiyalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi yiliphi igatsha wesayensi kuhlanganisa imiqondo lwento nasesifundvweni ngasinye. Lesi sakamuva libhekisela okufanayo endaweni eyodwa ethile engokoqobo ukuthi saba ngabantu abanjani phakathi ukufunda lesi isayensi. Ngokuvamile, into ibhaliswe egameni. Kuyini into pedagogy jikelele? Jikelele Pedagogy, yebo.

Kodwa isihloko isayensi - uhlangothi olulodwa noma izinhlangothi eziningi into lafundvwako, nguye noma yibo uhlangothi, ukuthi isihloko isayensi uvezwa. Siyini isihloko of pedagogy jikelele? Iningi labo. Awu, isibonelo, sezifo. Noma pedagogy esikoleni esiphakeme. Isihloko alibonisi nxazonke into, kodwa ingase ihlanganise yokuthi ngokuvamile into engekho. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa yimuphi isayensi ihilela ukuthuthukiswa yesihloko yayo. Iyiphi into kungaba isihloko esifundwayo ezihlukahlukene komkhakha wezesayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu. It is wafunda cishe zonke kwabantu, izitho zomzimba, anthropology, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, futhi uhlu kuqhubeka. Kodwa lesi sakhiwo zonke isayensi isihloko - yokuthi uqhutshelwa kule into inikezwe.

Isayensi Pedagogy

Ngokuhlukile kwezinye akukho isayensi eba, into efanayo kwenzekani egatsheni zemfundo bolwazi lwabantu. Umlando wezeMfundo lithi Pedagogical yasekuqaleni ezishukumisa athuthukiswe jikelele ngendlela zefilosofi. Imibono wokuqala mayelana bekhulisa kanye nemfundo kwabonakala nezimfundiso zenkolo, izincwadi kanye nokushaya imithetho ulozheniju esidlule. ulwazi lwesayensi zandiswa iphutha phakathi kwamangqamuzana wesayensi, pedagogy, futhi, kwamiswa njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni ehlukile. Kwabe sekufika isikhathi sokuba disengagement intrascientific, ukwakha sebuningini amagatsha kohlelo kwezesayensi Pedagogical. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuvumelana nesayensi nesayensi, inkathi zamagama wesayensi. Kodwa definition akukatjhuguluki: ekutadisheni regularities ukudluliselwa lesizukulwane esidala nakho komphakathi yenqubo abasebasha futhi esebenzayo of kokudla esiswini.

into yayo pedagogy jikelele ibheka izenzakalo of ngokoqobo, okwaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kanye kumiswa muntu enkambweni okunenjongo ibhizinisi uthisha kanye nomphakathi. Ngaphansi mkhuba ngokoqobo lapha kusho ukuthi, njengesibonelo, imfundo njengoba imfundo nokuqeqeshwa izithakazelo ngabanye kanye nomphakathi futhi isimo. Isihloko cwaningo pedagogy ubona konke ngamabomu futhi uyaqaphela ihlelwe efanayo inqubo Pedagogical. Pedagogy njengoba isayensi ihlola hhayi kuphela imvelo kodwa futhi amaphethini, izitayela, nemibono nezimiso ukuthuthukiswa inqubo yemfundo, ukuthi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlela ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela nobuchwepheshe, ngcono okuqukethwe, ukudalwa entsha amafomu enhlangano, izindlela namasu womsebenzi Pedagogical. Incazelo enjalo kwaleso sifundvo lubuye into ubonisa incazelo ukuthi pedagogy - isayensi ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa kwabantu. Izinjongo aso angamazinyo ukuhlonza lwamaphethini kanye Ukufuna izindlela kahle ukwakheka, ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa lomuntu.

Imisebenzi kanye nemisebenzi

Imisebenzi has pedagogic ezinhlwini ezivamile ezimbili: i-theory kanye nezobuchwepheshe, futhi ngayinye kuwo ezingase zithathwe emazingeni amathathu. Okokuqala - incazelo noma incazelo, uphethwe futhi Izibikezelo, kwesibili - le reflex kwelivi ukuguqulwa. Imisebenzi ka pedagogy jikelele eziningi ezinkulu - ezine.

• Khomba amaphethini inqubo yemfundo, imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuphathwa zezemfundo.
• Tadisha futhi afingqe umkhuba nesipiliyoni yokufundisa.
• futurology Pedagogical (umhlahlo).
• Ukuqalisa imiphumela yocwaningo ongazijwayele.

Ukufundisa isayensi, njenganoma iyiphi enye, uzibekele imibuzo ethile mayelana nemisebenzi yayo. Ziningi, kodwa main - ezintathu. Goal setting - kokuthi yini ukufundisa kanye nokufundisa? Okuqukethwe ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa - nokuthi yini okufanele bayifundise, ukufundisa kulokho ngendlela? Izindlela namasu - indlela abakufundisayo nendlela ukukhulisa? Lezi kanye nezinye eziningi izinkinga wesayensi Pedagogical isixazululekile nsuku zonke.

imiqondo Eyisisekelo (izigaba)

Wakhuliswa - umthelela okunenjongo nokuhlala njalo ukuze uthole adingekayo umfundi isipiliyoni yezenhlalakahle ukuze kwakhiwe isimiso sakhe amagugu bamukeleke umphakathi.

Imfundo - ihlelwe ikakhulu futhi iphathwe inqubo ngenjongo ngokubambisana uthisha kanye umfundi, okuhloswe ngalo ukuthola ulwazi, amakhono, amakhono kanye izindlela yokwazi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kanye nentshisekelo yokufunda.

Imfundo - umphumela inqubo inkositini simiso ngalokuphatselene nelwati, emakhono, amakhono, ukwakha isisekelo lo mbono ubuntu zokuziphatha futhi ithuthukise amakhono zokudala.

Owenza - bathonywe izinto eziningi - yamaSoviet, ekonoomicheskih, ezenhlalo, ngokwengqondo nokunye - kumiswa umuntu emphakathini. Lapha-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imfundo - hhayi kuphela isici ezakhiwe ngazo ubuntu is.

Development - ukuqaliswa izakhiwo womuntu, kuwo ngaphakathi esingokwemvelo, imizwelo engokwemvelo namakhono.

Komphakathi - iSilekeleli Sokwazisa ngesikhathi ziphile nokwenziwa njalo nokukhiqizwa isiko senhlalo.

umsebenzi Sikhungo - Umsebenzi zochwepheshe othisha, esebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuthonya Trust kanye nokuxhumana nabo ukuxazulula izinkinga zezemfundo, ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa.

Mfundisi nokuxhumana - ugxile futhi contact ngenhloso nge umfundi ukuphenduka emkhubeni wakhe, umsebenzi noma ubuhlobo.

Sciences, ehambisana ne-ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ngamunye, imfundo ubhekwa ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba konke lokhu cishe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa - le nqubo ngamabomu lapho uthisha kanye umfundi nokuxhumana ukuthunyelwa kanye nokwenziwa nakho komphakathi. Pedagogy kusekelwe ukuzuzwa cishe zonke sciences womuntu, ngakho ngokushesha lakhiwa, bethuthukisa izinqubo kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuthola izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ukwakheka umfundi sika ubuntu, ezemfundo nokuqeqeshwa.