Isikole sabathwebuli bezithombe: siyini isifingqo kanye nengqikithi?

Ukuthola ikhwalithi eliphezulu kakhulu futhi enhle kusuka ekubukeni kokubuka, akulakali ukuthola ikhamera ye-SLR ebiza kakhulu. Buza noma yimaphi ama-photographer-pros, futhi uzoqinisekisa ukuthi kuthathe izinyanga ukuba afunde zonke izinselele zokuphatha imishini. Ukugqamisa kusihloko esisodwa zonke izimo ze-nuances zokusebenzisa ikhamera ayikho. Okokuqala, kuyokwanela ukubhekana nemigomo emibili - ukuvula nokuvinjelwa kwe-shutter.

Iyini i-diaphragm? Ungayisebenzisa kanjani?

NgesiGreki, igama elithi "diaphragma" lisho "septum". Cishe uzwile - amalensi ahlukene angaba nokuvula okuhlukile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokwabo balahlekelwa ukukhanya okuhlukile. Eqinisweni, i-diaphragm iyisisetshenziswa esilawula ububanzi bomgodi lapho ukukhanya kungena khona ematrix (into ekhanyayo ekamelweni). Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuchazwa ngokuthi isilinganiso sobubanzi bomgodi we-lens ngokwayo kude nokugxila. Ukuchaza inombolo ye-diaphragm, sebenzisa incwadi yesiLatini F.

Ukushintsha inani le-F ngesimo esisodwa, sishintsha inani lokukhanya elifakela matrix ngezikhathi ezimbili futhi sishintshe inani le-indicator ngu-1.4. Amanani ajwayelekile ka-F aphakathi kwe-1.0 no-32.

Ama-lense anokukhanya okuphawulekayo angasetshenziselwa ukuthwebula izithombe ezihambayo, abantu nezilwane, kanye nokudala izithombe ezinhle nezithakazelisayo emakamelweni avuliwe futhi phakathi nesikhathi esimnyama sosuku. Ezinhlobonhlobo zekhamera ezihlukahlukene, ubukhulu bokuvulwa kokuvula kulungiswa ngemenyu yedivayisi, noma ngokusebenzisa amasongo emzimbeni wekhamera kanye lensi ngokwayo.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, ukuvulwa okulungisiwe kahle nokuvinjelwa kwe-shutter kwenza kube lula ukuthola ukujula okufisa kwenkambu (GRIP). I-DFG ibonisa indlela okucacile ngayo indawo ephathelene nento yokugxila. Ku-f / 1.8, isikhala esizungezile sizobe siphume kakhulu kunokuthi, isibonelo, ku-f / 22.

Ukuvula ukuvulwa ngamanani amancane kukuvumela ukuba uthole izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthwebula izithombe. Futhi, ngenombolo enkulu ye-diaphragm, umgodi uba mncane futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uthole isithombe ngokucacile kahle kuzo zonke izinhlelo, kuhlanganise. Ngemuva. Ngakho-ke, i-diaphragm yokuphoqa iphakanyiswa ukudubula izithombe ze-landscape.

Iyini i-extracer and how to configure it?

Isivinini sokuvala nokuvala isifenqo sakha okuthiwa ukuchayeka, njengoba kubangelwa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwesithombe kunqunywe. Ngokwalo, ukuchayeka kusho isikhathi esithile lapho imilayezo yokukhanya ihambela khona ububanzi obunqunyiwe be-diaphragm ku-matrix. Isivinini se-shutter sibalwa ngamasekhondi kanye nezingxenyana zesigamu - 1/30, 1/125, 2 "5 (2.5 amasekhondi), 10" (imizuzwana engu-10) njll.

Kunemiqondo enjengokubonakala okufushane futhi isikhathi eside. Ukuvezwa okufishane kuhle ngokusho kokudubula izinto ezihambayo. Kukhona "umthetho wegolide" wokukhetha isivinini se-shutter esanele - kufanele sibe ngokulingana ngqo nobude obugxile. Uma ibanga liwukuthi, uthi, 80 mm, ungabeki isisindo se-shutter isikhathi eside kunomzuzu we-1/80 wesibili. Ukuvezwa okude kuyobangela umsindo nokukhubazeka kwesithombe ngenxa yemisindo yekhamera.

Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ezithombeni kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudubula amazwe (kufaka phakathi izigcawu zasebusuku). Yiqiniso, esimweni sesibili kungcono ukusebenzisa i-tripod ne -lens high-aperture. Ukuze uqhubeke unciphisa ukudlidliza, ungasebenzisa ukulawula okukude kunenkinobho evamile emzimbeni wekhamera.

I-Diaphragm nokuchayeka kuyisisekelo sokwakheka. Ukuzakhela ngokufanele, ngisho nekhamera elula kungenzeka ukwenza ubuciko obukhona manje.