Isikhumbuzo ukuze Krylov ku Summer Garden. Krylov lesikhumbuzo eMoscow ngo-Ponds Umbhishobhi sika

Isikhumbuzo ukuze Krylov e Ihlobo Garden of Saint Petersburg yasungulwa ngo-1855, iminyaka eyishumi nanye ngemva kokufa fabulist omkhulu Russian. It efakwe phambi Tea House, futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ndawo anginikhethanga ngesikhathi esisodwa. sculptural Okokuqala wayefuna ukubeka eduze emtapweni wezincwadi womphakathi - umsebenzi wokugcina umbhali ke eduze isakhiwo University Vasilyevsky Island Northern Capital. Kuyinto nakuyicabanga yokubeka lesikhumbuzo kule Necropolis ka Abaculi (Krylov ngengcwaba). Kodwa ekugcineni, kwanqunywa ukuba ubeke iqembu sculptural ku Summer Garden, lapho fabulist walithanda ukuhamba futhi cishe uyazibuza ngezindaba emisebenzini yabo.

osaziwayo abaningi Russian abangu self-wafundisa

A owaziwa umbhali, intatheli, zezemfundo, Ivan Andreevich Krylov, izikhumbuzo lapho manje zingatholakala hhayi kuphela Petersburg, wazalelwa emndenini wezempi wathatha umhlalaphansi ngo-1769. Umsebenzi wakhe waqala esise-Ural, e Tver, lapho umndeni owahlala khona isikhathi esingaphezu abampofu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, futhi umbhali omkhulu Russian Angizange wathola imfundo. Ulwazi lwakhe izilimi ezimbili zakwamanye amazwe, izincwadi, kanye mathematics umuntu ukukhanyiselwa isikhathi sakhe esiningi kwakudingeka ukuze bazifundise kanye nomsebenzi zisencane kokuthunyelwe podkantselyarista.

Isikhumbuzo labetibambile indoda

Isikhumbuzo ukuze Ivan Krylov, omisebenzi yakhe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe yashicilelwa phesheya (Paris), ezibonisa kumuntu oneminyaka. Phela, eminyakeni yakhe ovuthiwe umbhali wafika enkazimulweni nokuchuma. Lapho esemusha wayesebenza njengoba sezikhudlwana, ngemva kokuthuthela Petersburg. Eminyakeni nane wabhala Libretto ngoba "Kofeynitsa" opera abazinikele mores esikhundleni kwezikhulu lesifunda elincane okwakuhlala, lapho umbhali owazi ukuphila kwakhe. Eduzane wamashumi amathathu wakhe he khiqiza amahlaya eziningana Nokho, okuyinto, musa kuphumelele, ishicilela iphephabhuku lapho ulahla ububi bomphakathi ( "Thumela imimoya").

Bona bebengeneme ababusi Russian

Ngo 1792, u-Ivan Andreevich Krylov, amatshe ezikhumbuzo ezifakiwe e Moscow, Tver, Novosibirsk, iqala ukuba bahlanganyele ukubhinqa zezombusazwe, yimpumelelo ukuze wadonsela ukunakekela Umbusikazi uCatherine II, okuholela Ukuthuthela intatheli kusukela St Petersburg Riga futhi eMoscow ngokuqondene ukunganeliseki abaholi bezwe. Eminyakeni 10 ezayo Krylov ihamba kusukela umkhuba lesibonwa kanye uhamba amabanga amade, ngokuvakashela Ukraine, Tambov, Saratov nakwamanye amadolobha.

Ngemva kokufa Empress Krylov waba ngunobhala ePrince Golitsyn nomfundisi izingane zakhe, ngokubhala amahlaya, kuhlanganise emelene nohulumeni ( "subtype noma ukunqoba"), uhumusha izinganekwane of La Fontaine futhi wabhala imisebenzi yawo lolu hlobo. Futhi 1808 isivele ezikhishwe nesikhombisa izinganekwane, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba yenkosana "The Elephant kanye ithanga-izinja."

Umlobi udale futhi elihunyushwe mayelana 200 izinganekwane

Isikhumbuzo Krylov Summer Garden amisiwe P. Klodt has njengoba base cube egwadle, ehlinzekwe kanye imifanekiso izifundo umlobi odumile kakhulu inganekwane lapho inganekwane kwaba umkhiqizo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba noma izinkondlo, equkethe iyiphi zokuziphatha (ekuqaleni noma ekupheleni). Kulesi ithalente uhlobo Krylov uwubeke ngokucacile kakhulu. Kuzo zonke ebhala futhi elihunyushwe mayelana 200 izinganekwane, kuhlanganise ukuhumusha izisusa ekuqaleni ubuswa isiFulentshi, bese kufika izindaba esiyingqayizivele abonisa amaqiniso okuphila Russian ngaleso sikhathi.

Isikhumbuzo ezinganekwaneni Krylov futhi umdali senziwa iminikelo abalandeli yomsebenzi wakhe. Abayithandayo ithalente lakhe njengoba umlobi wasiza ukushicilelwa imisebenzi yakhe. Kusukela 1809, izincwadi Krylov ayisishiyagalolunye badedelwa, eliqukethe ngenhla izinganekwane, anamakhulu mabini. Ngo-1825, Bala Orlov eshicilelwe ngezindleko zakhe siqu enhloko-dolobha French imiqulu emibili ye-eseyi ku fabulist isiNtaliyane, isiRashiya futhi French. Kule minyaka yokuphila kwakhe iminyaka Krylov waqokwa ikhansela isimo, yezivakashi nice inani amawaka, anamakhulu mathandathu, yabayisa impela ukuphila reclusive, slyvya ome njengeqanda, owamsiza ukuthi ngokushelela ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini zokudala.

ikhaya Zoo umqophi Klodt

Isikhumbuzo ukuze Krylov ku Summer Garden kunikeza ithuba azijwayeze izindaba amathathu nesithupha lezinganekwane yakhe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lo umqophi Klodt wayeyindoda ngokucophelela kakhulu futhi master. Ngakho-ke, ukuze izinhlamvu etemibhalo ziye zaphumela njengoba namaqiniso futhi ngangokunokwenzeka, Wayala izilwane bukhoma, okuyinto zitholakala egcekeni bese endlini we umqophi. Kwakukhona amakati, izinja, nezimbongolo, amahhashi, Cranes, amaxoxo ngisho impisi, ibhere cub bear. Klodt heroically wakhuthazelela endaweni efanayo, ngaphandle imbuzi, okuyinto wayengafuni ukuba ngaphansi kophahla efanayo, mhlawumbe ngenxa nephunga. Lokhu "isibonelo," ngokwezwi usumholela owesifazane ongumakhelwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho legend, imbuzi kakhulu wenqaba ukuya khona, lapho kwakukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye, futhi bazenza imodeli umculi sika.

Abaphila Besikhathi Petersburg lesikhumbuzo

Likuphi lesikhumbuzo ukuze Krylov Petersburg, wavakashelwa abaningi ayephila nabo abaye bashiya izibuyekezo mayelana lesikhumbuzo, ngezinye izikhathi eyinqaba. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Umhlahlandlela ngesikhathi wabonisa ukuthi umbhali kubonisa "iqiniso". Poet Mike wabhala inkondlo mayelana Ukwakheka sculptural, lapho uveza bona obusingethwe fabulist metal libukeka Umkhulu wami, bemtshela abeza abantu nezingane sobudlhayela, kanye strangeness kwezilwane. Satirist P. Schumacher beklolodela ukuthi lesikhumbuzo ukuze Krylov ku Summer Garden ekhombisa njengoba umlobi "nge egwadle eziphakeme," obheka abantwana edlala futhi ecabanga, "Oh guys enhle, kahle kanjani, njengoba ekhulele, wena ziqhwaga." Taras Shevchenko futhi akazange umcondvo umbazi, futhi wayekubheka njengelungelo lesikhumbuzo ihloselwe izingane kodwa hhayi abadala. Nokho, lokhu ebaziwe ku Summer Garden imele cishe 160 iminyaka, njalo ujabula izivakashi.

Lapho umkhulu lesikhumbuzo Krylov eMoscow? Itshe lesikhumbuzo edume kunazo zonke, wavakashela yizivakashi, Yiqiniso, ngezinye Ponds uMbhishobhi Omkhulu sika. Nokho, uhlobo lesikhumbuzo ukuze umbhali ingatholakala ezinkantolo ezejwayelekile eMoscow. Muva nje, ngo-2013, u-Andrew Aseryants, umqophi wemifanekiso, usikhiphile izingoma ezimbili kusekelwe edume "The Elephant kanye ithanga-izinja" nesithi "Fox kanye Crow". Emkhakheni Kolomenskoye egcekeni lendlu phezu shipbuilding emgwaqweni, ungabona ngempela indlovu enkulu, edlelana ngenxa encane ethangeni-izinja, futhi igwababa ehlezi esibondeni ayikahlanganiswa elahlekile noshizi elinde phansi impungushe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona kungatholakala izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu wokubhala ne ephepheni ngepeni nangoyinki.

Umbhali kanye namaqhawe yemisebenzi yakhe ngesikhathi Ponds

Krylov Isikhumbuzo ukuze Ponds uMbhishobhi Omkhulu sika isethwe kuneNingizimu izibalo phezu shipbuilding emgwaqweni. It wadalwa wezakhiwo wasebenza Chaltykyan kanye Okugweda Mitlyansky futhi Drevin. Ukwakheka yasungulwa ngo-1976 futhi kuyinto fabulist, ehlezi imposingly esihlalweni, esemgwaqweni ukuqhela izinhlamvu ngemisebenzi yakhe. Lapha ungathola ku indlovu eyayidlula isikhala ogayiwe kukhanye Moska, duo Pava kanye iqhude, okuyinto ngezikhathi mbhangqwana uphathe ukunamathisela ngokhiye, isitifiketi somshado. Popular ekhaleni nezindlebe sempisi ku inganekwane "The Wolf kanye neWundlu", kuyilapho iwundlu cishe ngokuphelele bakhathale. Izivakashi waphinda uthanda ukukuthinta ekhaleni we impungushe ku kuyinganekwane, njengoba iqhude segolide ophucuziwe izandla ezinemishwe kwabaningi abedlula ushizi.

Krylov lesikhumbuzo ngesikhathi uMbhishobhi Omkhulu ibonisa umuntu ezineminyaka zokuphola abagqoke. Kukholakala ukuthi Okugweda babonakala baye baqaphela esaphila umkhuba yomlobi omkhulu akanandaba kakhulu nezwe elalimzungezile, ngaphandle benjabulo ukudla. Ukudla Ivan Andreyevich, ngokuvumelana besikhathi, ngathanda ngempela. Futhi esibukweni, mhlawumbe, wabheka kanini, ngokungafani ubuntu bakhe - Monkeys, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi amelwe Umbhishobhi nge reflection wakhe.

Ingxenye Ukwakheka zingase imvelo ebaziwe

Mhlawumbe Okugweda izibalo kusukela izinganekwane ngesikhathi uMbhishobhi Omkhulu, kanye kanye master Klodt, hhayi kakhulu uyakuthanda izimbuzi, njengoba ukwakheka esizinikezele umkhiqizo "Quartet", lalibonisa inkawu, ibhere kanye nembongolo, kuyilapho umlingisi esinezimpondo 'wazilandela ngokunembile kuphela "phezu uthayela. Okwami "Stella" kuyinto ezinikele ubuhlobo ezimbalwa inganekwane edumile ethi "cuckoo kanye iqhude." Lapha sibona iqhude e uthayi umnsalo umngane omthandayo. Kodwa undlunkulu, owakhuluma amazwi ukuziqhayisa mutual, lichaza ekwakheni is hhayi waphawula. Mhlawumbe yena ngemihlambi ondlunkulu ezindiza emuva naphambili ngaphesheya ichibi epaki.

Pig, ngiyajabula esihlahleni futhi inkawu ngezibuko futhi snaps

Phakathi izitshalo eziningi oluhlaza futhi omunye metal likhona - kuyinto oki, okuyinto obukela phansi izimpande yengulube umkhiqizo udla "ingulube ngaphansi kwesihlahla." Ngokuhambisana umbhalo yalesi sihlahla iminyaka eyikhulu, lapho phakathi kwezimila emhlabeni kungenzeka zezinhlobo amadala njengoba epaki inxuluma wangaphambili yenzalamizi Herman wahlulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Futhi ke kukhona izinkawu eziningi, kuhlanganise nomunye babenezinkinga umbono wakhe, kodwa akazange akwazi ukuthi siphathwa kanjani lawa kuphela amaphuzu umnsalo ku lesikhumbuzo ukuze umbhangqwana ungathanda ukuqinisa sivala.

Izivakashi asitholanga nezimfihlakalo eduze lesikhumbuzo ukuze Krylov

Akwaziwa ukuthi kukhona nightingale yangempela epaki, kodwa "umgxeki" esinamadlebe amade in the inganekwane "Imbongolo kanye Nightingale" kahle aqhwakele esihlalweni ngentonga yakhe kwenye izingxenye ebaziwe. Izinyoni kule ndawo eluhlaza emaningi khona, ngakho noma yini engathathwa ukugxekwa kungenzeka kakhulu. Krylov lesikhumbuzo e-Ponds uMbhishobhi Omkhulu sika itholakala endaweni ezingaqondakali. izenzakalo kusukela Romana Bulgakova "Master noMargarita" athuthukile lapha. Alley, lapho Berlioz wahlangana Woland futhi retinue yakhe, liseduze kakhulu. Kodwa wavakashela lapha izivakashi bathi akukho ongaqondakali kulezi zinsuku awuboni. Vele Square, lapho ugogo wakhe ukuhamba nezingane, izivakashi Russian futhi Yiqiniso, njengabafokazi. Namuhla, epaki sikhulu ngokwanele ongakasetshenzwa ebaleni lokudlala zezingane yesimanje futhi azikho nezitebele zamahhashi okudweba nombhalo othi "Beer namanzi" njengoba emsebenzini Bulgakov sika.

Ukuze ukwazi futhi khumbula

Krylov izikhumbuzo emadolobheni ahlukene (Tver, Novosibirsk) sasungulwa nenkathi yamaSoviet emlandweni Russia yesimanje. Ikakhulukazi, Tver ebaziwe kwavulwa eyikhulu kokufa master ngo-1959 emgwaqeni efanayo edolobheni (okwenzeka ngalo beza empini 1944). Lapha fabulist uvezwa ukuma obujulayo imi cishe imitha emithathu isinyathelo (sibalo ngokwayo has a ukuphakama kwamamitha ezine) phakathi ezitaladini, lapho iseyintsha yayihlala. Ngo-2010, emzini isayensi Novosibirsk, fabulist ababengakaze wavakashela, kwase kunesiqiniseko ngokwanele ukuba Bust ukubukeka bobusha. Liphinde elisoGwini emgwaqweni ofanayo, ukuze abantu khumbula lowo, ngokuvumelana Gogol, ihlanganise ukuhlakanipha kwabantu.