Isifo se-Alzheimer, izimpawu nezigaba

Lesi sifo sithatha ukubaluleka okukhethekile emazweni lapho iphesenti labantu abadala nasebekhulile landa phakathi kwabantu. Isifo se-Alzheimer, izimpawu zazo ezichazwe njengasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, zihlala ziyimfihlakalo futhi zingenakuphulukiswa. Uboleka igama lakhe kudokotela waseJalimane owaqala ukuwuchaza. Izimbangela zesifo azikwazi ngokuphelele. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalo kuhlotshaniswa nezinqubo ze-pathological in the tishu zobuchopho eziholela ekutheni i-atrophy nokuthuthukiswa komqondo ophelele we-dementia, noma ukuwohloka komqondo.

Ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi isifo se-Alzheimer's, izimpawu zalo kubangelwa izinguquko, ikakhulukazi ku-cortex ye-cerebral. Kwakukhona ukwehla kwezicubu zobuchopho ze-acetylcholine, umlamuleli, ukunikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-neurons. Emiphakathini ye-neurons, amapulangwe angenayo i-insoluble, ayenesifo se-beta-amyloid, esitholakalayo. Kubonakala ukuthi kancane kancane kubangela ukufa kwe-neurons. I-neurofibrillar plexuses eyakhiwe ngokubamba iqhaza kwamaprotheni ayitholakala nasemathangeni obuchopho. Ukubaluleka kohlobo lwe-apolipoprotein E, oluqinisa ukwakhiwa kwe-amyloid, luvezwe.

Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo, inani le-neurons esebenza ngokujwayelekile liyancipha emathisini ebuchopho, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo kuphukile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-atrophy, futhi zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi wengqondo zeziguli ziphulwa.

Into esemqoka ehambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo yisikhathi. Isifo se-Alzheimer, izimpawu ezenzeka kancane kancane futhi zithuthuke kancane, iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu, yilaba bantu abadala nabakhulile. Isilinganiso seminyaka yeziguli sineminyaka engu-54-56. Njengoba usukhula, amaphesenti awo akhula kancane kancane.

Isifo se-Alzheimer sithinteka yi-heredity, kodwa akuzona zonke izimo ezihlobene nayo. Amafomu omndeni wesifo axhomeke kuleso gciwane lesifo samathambo ema-21 womabili ama-chromosomes, angadluliselwa ngefa. Bahlakulela ngesikhathi esincane, emva kweminyaka engu-40-50. Kukholelwa ukuthi uma phakathi kwezihlobo kukhona abantu abane-Alzheimer's disease, ingozi yokuba khona kwayo yanda izikhathi eziningana.

Isifo se-Alzheimer, izigaba zokugeleza

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezibangela isifo se-Alzheimer. Izimpawu zalo, ezihlobene nokwephula isimo esijwayelekile sesishukela sobuchopho, zithinta zonke izinhlobo zamalungelo omsebenzi wolwazi. Kunezinyathelo ezine zalesi sifo:

1. Isigaba sokuqala kwengqondo.

Ekuqaleni, ukuphulwa kungaba okuncane. Iziguli ziwohloka ngokukhumbula ngekhanda ulwazi olusha, futhi ziyakhathazeka. Lo muntu uba enganandaba; Lapho ekhuluma nobunzima, ukhetha amagama. Ukwephulwa kokuqonda kolwazi. Lesi simo singaqhubeka kuze kube yiminyaka engu-10.

2. Ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili.

Kancane kancane, ukukhunjulwa kwememori kugxilile . Inkulumo iyancipha. Ulwazimagama selinciphile. Kukhona ukwephulwa kwamakhono avamile. Kunzima ngesiguli ukugqoka, ukubhala, ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile yendlu.

3. Ukuhlushwa kwengqondo okulinganiselwe.

Isimo seziguli siyaqhubeka sibuhlungu, ukwephulwa kwencwadi kanye ne-akhawunti kungeziwe ezinkingeni zokukhuluma. Iziguli aziziqondisi emkhathini nasesikhathini, aziqapheli izihlobo zabo, isimo sabo esijwayelekile. Kungase kube khona ukungabikho. Kukhona ukubonakaliswa kokuhlukunyezwa, ukudilizwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kunesifiso se-vagrancy.

4. Ukucindezeleka okukhulu.

Ngalesi sikhathi, iziguli zixhomeke ngokuphelele kwabanye. Inkulumo yabo ilahleke ngokuphelele, abakhumbuli igama labo, ngokwabo, abakwazi ukwenza izenzo ezilula. Ngokuvamile balele embungwini. Kancane kancane, bahlakulela ukukhathala, futhi bafa ngokujoyina i-pneumonia noma ezinye izifo.

Ngeshwa, kuze kube yimanje, isifo se-Alzheimer, izigaba zayo, kancane kancane ziphendukela kwelinye, ziphela ngokufa kwesiguli.

Njengamanje, isifundo somhlaba wonke senziwa ukuze sithole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwalesi sifo. Abaningi babo bahlolwa, futhi ngokungangabazeki, isintu siyogcina sinqobe lesi sifo.