Inqubo ye-IVF: ulwazi olubalulekile lwabazali besikhathi esizayo

Isayensi iye yahamba ngendlela ende emzamweni wayo omuhle wokusiza labo abanenkinga yokuzala. Indlela yokukhulelwa i-vitro, eyaziwa kangcono nge-IVF, yasungulwa phakathi nawo-1970. Kodwa-ke, imizamo kanye nezifundo ezingaphumelelanga kule nsimu zenziwa amashumi eminyaka. Ukuzalwa kokuqala okuqoshiwe kwengane ekhulelwe ematheni okuhlola kwenzeka eNgilandi ngo-1978. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngosizo lwe-in vitro fertilization, amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinsana zivele ngonyaka.

Futhi nakuba izibalo zibukeka zithembisayo, akuyona yonke inqubo ye-IVF yabesifazane abangafaniswa nokuhamba okulula. Endleleni eya emgomweni, imibhangqwana eqala ukukhulelwa i-vitro kumele inqobe izithiyo eziningi. Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ukuthi udinga ukubekezela futhi ungalokothi ushiye. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okudingeka wazi uma ucabangela inqubo ye-in vitro fertilization njengethuba langempela lokukhulelwa.

I-IVF isebenza kanjani?

Khuluma nabesifazane asebevele bahamba ngale ndlela futhi uzothola izibuyekezo ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Omunye uzokutshela ukuthi lokhu kuyisimangaliso sangempela, kanti omunye uzoxwayisa ukuthi imithi ayinikezi iziqinisekiso. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba uzuze iziphetho zakho, udinga ukwazi ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani. Ochwepheshe be-in vitro fertilization emva kwazo zonke izinqubo zokulungiselela kanye nokuhlaziywa okufanele baqale ukuthatha amaqanda kuma-ovari omama. Lezi zinto ezifuywayo zofuzo esikhathini esizayo kufanele zenziwe umuthi wesilisa wesilisa ngaphandle komzimba wesiguli. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhulelwa. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-ovum ngayinye, izazi zibeka umuthi, ukuhluka kwesibili kufana nokukhomba futhi kukhishwa yi-intracytoplasmic injection yesilisa. Uma ukukhulelwa kuphumelele, imibungu etholakala njengomphumela ingaphansi kokulawula odokotela. Le ndaba ikhule esibhedlela kuze kube yisikhathi esithile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinga lemibungu lihlolwa. Futhi ngemuva kwalokho kuphela badluliselwa esibelethweni somamukeli.

Inqubo iboniswe bani?

Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza ukuthi imibhangqwana noma abesifazane abangashadile badinga le nqubo. Ngokusho kwezibalo, e-United States yedwa, wonke umbhangqwana wesishiyagalombili unenkinga yokungasebenzi. I-IVF inconywa ngemibhangqwana lapho umlingani oyedwa ebhekene nokungalingani kwe-hormonal, uma umuntu enesibalo esincane sembewu emzimbeni, abesifazane banesibalo esiphansi sama-ovari emaqanda ama-ovari noma ukuvinjelwa kwamatayipi angama-fallopian. Le ndlela iboniswa ukungabi nabesilisa noma ngenxa yezinye izinkinga zokuzala okwenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesidingo sabantu abadinga amaqanda abanikeli. Isibonelo, kungaba ngabantu abaye baphathwa ngumdlavuza, noma abantu abaphethwe i-lupus. Yebo-ke, ukukhulelwa emgodini wokuhlola kanye nezinsizakalo zokukhulelwa kweqanda lomnikelo kusetshenziswa imibhangqwana ehlanganisa umshado wobulili obufanayo.

Isiteji sokulungiselela

Ngokusho kukaCarolina Sueldo, isazi se-endocrinology yokubeletha nokungazali eMami, ukwelashwa okugcwele kwe-IVF kungathatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Isilinganiso sesikhathi singahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukubekezelela izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokuba imibungu ifakwe esibelethweni sakho, kufanele uhambe ngezigaba eziningi zokulungiselela inqubo. Isinyathelo sokuqala sidinga ukususwa komjikelezo wemvelo wokuya esikhathini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ulindelwe nsuku zonke ama-hormone. Ukulawula ama-hormonal, njengombuso, kudlula amasonto ambalwa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo yisisusa se-ovaries. Ngomjikelezo owodwa wemvelo, abesifazane bakhiqiza amaqanda amabili (ngokuvamile ayingxenye eyodwa). Ukuthola imiphumela emihle ye-IVF le nto ngeke yanele.

Ukukhuthazwa kokukhula kwamaqanda

Ukukhuthazwa kuhilela ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal, isibonelo i-homlicle-stimulating hormone ye-pituitary gland. Lezi zindlela odokotela abaqapha ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaqanda akhula kahle. Futhi uma lokho okubonakalayo kuvuthiwe ngokugcwele, kuzokhishwa kuma-ovari. Lokhu kwenziwa amahora angu-34-36 ngemva kokujola kwe-gonadotropin yomuntu we-chorionic. Ochwepheshe emva kokulanda amaqanda ngokushesha bawafaka, bese benza ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi evamile. Uma ngabe ama-embryo asebenza kahle kakhulu akhethiwe, atshalwe esibelethweni sowesifazane. Ngokusho odokotela, lokhu kuyindlela elula engadingi ukusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia. Imibungu ifakwe emgodini ophansi futhi idluliselwe emgodini wesibeletho ngomlomo wesibeletho.

I-Eco-efficiency

Mhlawumbe, zonke lezi zinqubo ezenziwa odokotela nomzimba wesifazane zikwenza ucabange ngokusebenza okuphezulu kwalendlela. Noma kunjalo, inqubo ye-IVF ayiqinisekisi. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ngeshwa, kunolwazi oluncane lwe-anatomy ne-physiology. Ngezinye izikhathi isilwane sowesifazane sinengqondo kakhulu (ikakhulukazi uma kuhilela ukutholakala komzimba wangaphandle kuwo) ukuthi ukucacisa okucacile kuyadingeka ekubalweni phakathi kwezigaba zenqubo. Izinga likazwelonke lokuphumelela lingamaphesenti angaba ngu-30. Kodwa-ke, emitholampilo eminingi ehlonishwayo, enezikhwalithi eziphezulu, amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle uvame ukuphindwe kabili.

Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, kunethuba eliphansi lokuphumelela

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, izinga lokuqedwa ngokuphumelelayo kwe-in vitro fertilization liye landa kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, namanje odokotela kufanele babhekane nezinselele eziningi, lapho iminyaka yowesifazane idlala indima enkulu. Ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zokuqala, ngenxa yalokhu nezinye izizathu, ochwepheshe benza isinqumo sokuthi ukwelashwa kufanele kuqhutshwe noma cha.

Zingaki izinqubo ezizodingeka?

Impumelelo ye-IVF incike ezintweni eziningi, ngakho ngeke uthole izibalo ukuthi zingaki izinqubo umuntu oyodinga. Abanye abantu benza imizamo ethile engaphumeleli, kodwa kwabanye bangasebenza okokuqala. Kukhona izibalo ezinenkani mayelana nezinqubo eziphelile, okuqeda ukuzama ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Ngokusho kwedatha etholakale ngo-2014, isilinganiso semisipha eholela ekukhulelweni kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka kanini.

Abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-35 bazama ukuphumelela kwe-IVF ngamaphesenti angu-42.6. Abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-44 ubudala babe nethuba elincane lokuphumelela - kuphela amaphesenti angu-2.7 enani labantu abafisa. Yingakho odokotela baxwayisa amakhasimende abo ukuthi bangalindeli ukusebenza kahle kwe-100%. Uma ufika ekamelweni, uzoxwayiswa ukuthi i-ECO iyindlela yokulinga nephutha. Ochwepheshe abanakwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi umzimba wakho uzokwenzenjani ekusungulweni kwesidakamizwa esithile. Khona-ke, uma uqala ukwelashwa, ungenza izibikezelo zokuqala.

Izingozi

Njenganoma iyiphi enye inqubo yezokwelapha, IVF iqukethe izingozi eziningi, imiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga. Okokuqala, izinkinga zingenzeka ngokukhipha ama-ovari avela kuma-ovari. Emva kokufaka imibungu, ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic, i-ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, nokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungenzeka. Enye inkinga ejwayelekile kunabesifazane abakhulelwe yilezi zingane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa imishanguzo emisha, ukuze umzimba uqiniseke ukuthi usuqalile esibelethweni ngendlela yemvelo. Ngokwezibalo, ukukhubazeka kwamaphesenti amaningi kakhulu uma imibungu eqhwayo isetshenziselwa inqubo yokukhulelwa.

Futhi-ke, iminyaka yobudala yowesifazane kuyingozi enkulu lapho kuvela ukukhulelwa kwesisu. Uma sikhuluma ngemiphumela emibi ebangelwa ukuthatha imithi, khona-ke kukhona "ngaphandle komncintiswano" i-hormone "Clomid", okubangela ukusabela okubi kakhulu.

Ukulungiselela okusekelwe ku-progesterone nakho kubangela ukucindezeleka emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, uma unenkinga ethile mayelana nenye ingxenye yokwelashwa, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngakho.