I-GDP yaseGreece. Izinkomba zezomnotho zeGrisi

IGrisi namuhla yizwe elithuthukisiwe lezimboni elinokuthunyelwa okuthe xaxa nokuthengiswa kwempahla. Kodwa-ke, maduzane usongo lwezezimali lubekwe phezu kwe-Athens. Njengomphumela wesikweletu esikhulu sangaphandle , leli zwe lihlehlisiwe. Umnotho uqala ukuphazamisa emasontweni. Kodwa ingabe konke kubi kakhulu? Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqonda ukubuyekezwa kwe-GDP eGrisi ngeminyaka.

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho

Umkhiqizo omkhulu kuleli zwe kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990 wawungamadola ayizigidi ezingu-120 zamaRandi. Ngakho-ke, nge-capita, ivolumu layo ngezinye izikhathi lafinyelela ku-11.5,000 zamaRandi. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-GDP yaseGreece yanda ngokushesha. Izinga lokukhula lihluka ngaphakathi kwe-1.5%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngisho nangama-1970, izinkomba ezifanayo zafinyelelwa ku-5%.

Ngo-1960, umnotho wezwe uthuthukile ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza izimboni. Umthamo wayo wanda ngokushesha ngo-11%, kanti izimpahla zezolimo - ngo-3.5% kuphela. Noma kunjalo, okwesikhathi eside kwakungumkhakha wezolimo owawudlala indima enkulu ekubuyiselweni kabusha kwemali yombuso. Isabelo saso eGDP laseGrisi sasingama-31%. Kanti, imboni yabamba cishe u-18% womkhiqizo ophelele. Amaphesenti asele asele ngemuva kwensizakalo yezinsizakalo, kuhlanganise nokuvakasha. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, izinga lokungasebenzi liye landa ngokwemvelo. Ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke kwakuyingxenye yesifazane yabesifazane, okwakwenziwa kuphela ezimbonini zikagwayi kanye nezindwangu, okuyingxenye emkhakheni wenkonzo. Udaba lokuthi kusukela ngo-1996 iziphathimandla zamaGreki zanquma ukwenza izinguquko eziningana ukusekela imikhakha yezolimo nezimboni.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, umnotho wezwe waqala ukuxhomeka ekutshaleni okukhulu nokutshalwa kwezikweletu kwe-US ne-Eurozone. Lokhu kwabangele ekubunjweni kokuzimela, ukunciphisa ukusekelwa kwezolimo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemali yokukhuphuka kwemali. Kancane kancane, i-Greece iye yavumelana nokuhlanganiswa kweWestern Europe, kodwa akusizi izakhamizi ezivamile.

Izinkomba zomnotho

Okwamanje, iGrisi ibhekwa njengenye yezimboni ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu zaseYurophu eNtshonalanga Yurophu. I-GDP per capita lapha ihluka phakathi kwama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingu-26. Lokhu kuvumela i-Athene ukuba ibe phakathi kwamazwe okuqala angu-50 emhlabeni wonke ngezinkomba ezifanisayo kakhulu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kokukhiqizwa kuhlanganiswa yinkampani yomphakathi. Ngale ndlela, iziphathimandla zizinzisa umkhiqizo omkhulu. Izwe liye lathuthukisa ukuhweba, umkhakha wezolimo, uhlelo lwebhange, ukuhwebelana kwamasheya. Iningi lezakhamuzi lihlanganyela ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo zemboni njengama-textile, petrochemical, ukudla, ezokuvakasha, ezokumbiwa kwemayini kanye ne-metallurgy. Imishini nokukhiqizwa kagesi kukhula ngokushesha. Kodwa imboni yokuthutha ishiya okudingekayo, ikakhulukazi ezokuthutha izitimela.

I-GDP yaseGreece ngeminyaka ingahle ibekwe njengendlela yokubonisa umnotho okhuthele kakhulu. Emuva ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, ivolumu yayo yayinomthelela ku-5.2%. Izimpukane ezimbi zazincane, ukuzinza kwaqaphela. Noma kunjalo, kusukela ngo-2008, umnotho waseYurophu usuqale ukukhohlwa ukuthi yi-Greece yangempela. Ukuwa kwe-GDP eminyakeni embalwa ezayo isilinganiso esingama-6%. Isikhulu esiphezulu sibhalwe ngo-2011 - 7.1%.

Kusukela ngo-2014, i-GDP ingaphezu kuka-$ 238 billion. Ngakho-ke, ekulinganisweni kweBhange Lomhlaba, iGrisi inendawo engama-44 kuphela, ngemuva kweFinland nasePakistan. Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko zomnotho wanamuhla ngumkhakha wezithunzi, kanye nenkohlakalo yezikhulu. Isabelo "sezindleko" ezinjalo kusukela kwisabelomali sesamba sifike ku-20%.

Ukwakhiwa komnotho

Inkundla yezimboni ithuthukiswe kuleli zwe ngezifunda ngokungahambisani. Okuphumelela kakhulu yizimboni zokudla, zezindwangu nokukhanya. Isabelo sabasebenzi abaqashiwe kulo mkhakha siba ngaphezu kuka-21%. Ngonyaka, imboni ye-metallurgical iveza izithelo. Ukuyilandela ekuzuzeni kukhona amagatsha nezimoto ze-petrochemical. Ezolimo kancane kancane ziyafa ngenxa yokuntuleka komonakalo kwezwe elivundile kanye nemvula encane. Isibonelo: eGreece umhlaba ovulekile u-30% kuphela.

Ngokuphathelene nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, lapha, iGreece inzuzo emikhiqizo yamafutha, okusanhlamvu, ama-citrus. Ngo-2012, kwaba nokunciphisa okujulile ekufuneni kwezimpahla zendawo. Izindleko zokuthekelisa zawela ngo-22% ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuze kube yamuva, iRussia yayibhekwa njengowomlingani omkhulu wezokuhweba waseGreece.

Kancane kancane, inani lalabo abasanda kufika liwa.

Inkinga yezikweletu

I-dynamics ye-GDP yaseGreece incike kakhulu ezintweni zangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, isikweletu sikazwelonke sezwe sika 2011 sadlula ibhajethi ngo-40%. Iqiniso liwukuthi eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule i-Athens ibolekise ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-80. Noma kunjalo, le mali ayikwazanga ukuletha umnotho wezwe ezingeni elifanele. Ngokushesha amabhange aqala ukukhuluma ngokubhekana nezinkinga zemali. Ngenxa yalokho, umnotho wezwe waqala ukuphahlazeka. Isixazululo kuphela sokungena esikweletini esikhulu nakakhulu. Uhulumeni waqala ukuthengisa impahla yombuso, efuna abatshalizimali ezinkulu. Akekho owayefuna ukuxhuma ikusasa labo ngezwe elingenakulinganiswa. Manje inani lesikweletu lidlula i-GDP yase-Athene cishe izikhathi ezimbili.

Ukuzenzakalela kwemvelo

Unyaka ka-2015 wabhalwa iGrisi ngokuncipha okukhulu komnotho. Amabhange, amafemu, amabhizinisi amakhulu nezinkampani zaqala ukuvala, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu ashiywa ngaphandle komsebenzi.

Ukuxazulula le nkinga, iziphathimandla ezintsha zakha ezweni. Isithembiso esiyinhloko sikaNdunankulu kwakuwukukhanselwa okukodwa kwesikweletu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhulumeni waseGrisi wayeziphatha kabi futhi ngokungahloniphi. Ngokwemvelo, amabhange omhlaba anesitatimende esinjalo salolu daba awavumelani. Izingxoxo ezinde azizange zikhishwe ngempumelelo. Ngenxa yalokho, kunqunywe ukuhoxiswa e-EU, kodwa maduzane le nkinga ivaliwe. I-European Union iphinde ikhokhelwe i-Athene amashumi ayizinkulungwane zezigidi zama-euro ukuze kwenziwe izinguquko zezezimali, futhi iGrisi yajabula ukuhlala embusweni. Namuhla, iziphathimandla ziyaqhubeka nokulwa nokuzenzakalela okujulile.

Izinkomba ze-GDP yaseGrisi namuhla

Maphakathi no-2015, umnotho wezwe uye waqinisa kancane. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, i-GDP yaseGrisi yanda ngo-1.5% ngoJuni. Lokhu kudlulele ngisho nokulindela okulindeleke kakhulu okungu-1%.

Kwingxenye yesithathu ka-2015, iphinde ikhokhelwe ukwanda kancane kwesinye u-0.4%.

Umgomo ohlelweni olusha lwe-European support for Greece yilona ukukhula kweGDP yezwe esikhathini esifushane. Ngonyaka ka-2017, kuhlelwe ukwandisa umkhiqizo omkhulu kusuka ku-2.7 kuya ku-3.1%.