Inqolobane Bolshekhekhtsirsky: isithombe kanye nencazelo

Isihloko liyakhuluma ngokuphela omunye ezingcwele Ekude. inqolobane Bolshekhekhtsirsky, naphezu Ubukhulu bayo kuqhathaniswa nesizotha, ezazidume ngokutshala zezinto eziphilayo yayo enkulu.

Umlando sokudalwa

Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala ensimini ka esiqiwini samanje wabonakala ngesikhathi Amabhukumaka emzini eKhabarovsk (cishe 1858). It is ahlala Cirka River. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu umnotho Big Khekhtsir. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona ngemvume ukusebenza imishini futhi baba isizinda zokusebenza itiyela lime izitshalo. inqubo Fundzisisa nokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yemvelo kwaholela yokuthi itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka ushintshe landscape yamazwe Ekude. Ngakho-ke kunesidingo wezinyathelo ukongiwa amasistimu zemvelo ezithile.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngo-1946 Khekhtsir kwathiwa inqolobane ukubaluleka wendawo. Phambi kwakhe kube nenkinga ka kulondolozwe izilwane ezisengozini futhi ezingavamile.

A Bolshekhekhtsirsky esiqiwini endaweni amahektha angaphezu kuka-46 000 yadalwa ngo-1963. Iminyaka eminingi wayenesifo wayeyizwa iminyango ehlukene, futhi kuphela 1976 yandiswa isimo yisikhungo esizimele.

Injongo ukudalwa esiqiwini Bolshekhekhtsirsky - kulondolozwa izilwane zasendle ezihlukahlukene kanye ezungezile imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. Kuyinto ngaphakathi kobubanzi Khekhtsir elikhulu, akusiyo kude eKhabarovsk. Ngakho-ke, ukufinyelela esiqiwini akunzima.

Ekuqaleni, lezi zindawo kuhlelwe ukusungula esiqiwini. Nokho, kamuva kwacaca ukuthi ukuthi esifundeni ongowenani elikhulu, kodwa ngenxa endaweni evikelwe wathola isimo esiqiwini.

Indawo

State ihlathi reserve Itholakala laseKhabarovsk, ngokunembile eningizimu ye eKhabarovsk Territory, amakhilomitha 20 ukusuka edolobheni.

Insimu esiqiwini ihlanganisa emaphethelweni hhayi kuphela umgogodla Grand Khekhtsir, kodwa futhi eduze Piedmont izihibe. I mpumalanga okuyingxenye ivuliwe Emathafeni izimbuku. Ukuze eceleni futhi zihlanganisa umhlaba e kwimfunda esisempumalanga yoMfula Ussuri.

On insimu yalo kukhona elaliphansi, emathafeni futhi ngesimo sendawo enezintaba. Iphuzu esiphezulu - Mount Big Khekhtsir. Usuke eNyakatho Melika uye eNingizimu Ipaki ibanga amakhilomitha 25 no-34 - usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga. Eningizimu, umngcele insimu aphethwe Teal River futhi ukuya ngasentshonalanga kuyinto umngcele PRC emfuleni Ussuri. Kodwa ngo enyakatho-mpumalanga nasempumalanga esiqiwini elisemngceleni Emaphethelweni eKhabarovsk.

zinhlobo ukwehluka

Ukuze reserve elinesimo ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo, okuyizinto idume izwe eMpumalanga Ekude. On ndawo incane uma kuqhathaniswa bacwaningi baqopha 1017 zezitshalo ephakeme, 148 ulele, 218 wona, 825 isikhunta, 222 zezinyoni, 8 kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezincelisayo-50. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi kule ndawo evikelwe kukhona izinhlelo eningizimu nasenyakatho begazi, elibangela ezihlukahlukene ezifana.

Nature reserve

Bolshekhekhtsirsky Ipaki Kugcizelela ne nezilwane zalo. Lapha ungabona ezihlukahlukene izitshalo nemithi e inhlanganisela oluyinqaba amafomu wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi. Flora kuhlanganisa 755 zezitshalo semithambo. Phakathi balifundisise eziningi zalezi zinhlobo ziye zatholakala ngochwepheshe izindawo, okuyinto ngokuvamile aziyona into evamile ezingaphansi kwalelo gatsha. Phakathi kwabo: Ussuri rose, violet Mühldorf, ama-raspberry Komarova, Buryat viburnum, nabanye abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha kukhona izinhlobo eziningi umndeni Rosaceae. Bonke kuhluke ijamo, umbala kanye ukunambitheka. Inani Incredible for abalimi kukhona zasendle izihlahla zezithelo ngoba ifa izakhiwo ezibalulekile ezifana mazombezombe, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo.

Izidumbu amanzi reserve lukhula isitshalo ezingavamile - brazeniya Schreber, okuyinto ohlwini eNcwadini Red.

amahlathi avikelekile

Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve 91% embozwe ihlathi. Egajwe umsedari, sonwele larch, birch, e-aspen, umlotha futhi oki. Iminyaka lengemashumi lasihlanu yangembili ka egawula yabaphikisi ephikelelayo imililo kwabangela yokuthi amahlathi coniferous ziye aba nguhhafu futhi oluqinile, ngokulandelana, anda. Ikakhulukazi eziningi amahlathi-oak baba, e-aspen, belobereznikov. On the Big Khekhtsir kukhona esishintshashintshayo ezimbili: sonwele-fir nemisedari-broadleaf.

Emathafeni ase-esiqiwini ubuswa amahlathi lezihlahla. Ngenxa ukugawula kwendawo eminyakeni 50 Sehle ngo 30%. Endaweni labo lalibonakala Bushland, Alder, birch kanye aspen. Futhi kwakhiwa oki * nomkhoba kanyekanye, amahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Maple ezivamile, Linden kanye birch, Dahurian Amur. On ezindaweni elisezansi ubuswa willow futhi Alder.

inqolobane Bolshekhekhtsirsky: Izilwane

INGCEBO YENDODA ezweni wendawo aqukethe hhayi kuphela izimila. Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve engaphansi Izilwane ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Ngenxa nokuhlanganiswa kwemifula emikhulu emibili i zaseMpumalanga Ekude, endaweni salo lapho kwakuphambana khona kufuduka imizila kwezilwane.

Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu emhlabeni isilwane onqenqemeni kwaba ukunyamalala ephelele amahlosi, ahlezi kula masimu. Kodwa labantu Sable, wabhujiswa, manje ukwazi ukubuyisela.

Kusukela sidla amagundane amancane izimpilo empumalanga lapha vole, ensimini igundane, grey rat. On ezindaweni ehlathini-edlelweni ihlangabezana Amur Hedgehog. Izilwane nezinselo ezivulekile, esigqoke ungahlangana inyamazane Roe izinyamazane obomvu, izingulube zasendle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve (laseKhabarovsk) kuhlale izilwane ezidla ezinye: izimpungushe, raccoon izinja, izimbila. Futhi yasehlanzeni Khekhtsir ungahlangana ngisho nezimpisi. Teal emfuleni nemingenela yayo kuhlale imithini. Empumalanga esiqiwini njalo ukuqaphela iminonjana laseSiberia ihlathi ikati. Futhi ehlathini buboniswa ngokuba ensundu bear abamnyama. Laconic isibonakaliso Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve iqukethe isithombe bear ku isizinda ezintabeni. Lokhu isibonakaliso eliye lenza laba uphawu inhlangano.

Izakhamuzi Ojwayelekile amahlathi flying izingwejeje, chipmunks. Ayikho ahlukahlukene ngaphansi nezwe wezinyoni. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile kufanele kwenziwe ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed. Kodwa isibalo Mandarin ezingavamile igcinwe ezingeni ozinzile. Ukuganukeja ka esiqiwini angabhekwa a flycatcher ipharadesi. Ezindaweni evikelwe uhlalwe Bunting ophuzi iphimbo, warbler, korotkohvostki, ukhuni thrushes, nightingale-Abashayi bekhwela.

Ngesikhathi izindawo foothill futhi ukugcwalisa inani elikhulu ezihuquzelayo bahlale. Lapha lihlangabezana umgijimi Amur, cottonmouth empumalanga, trionychia. Insada kakhulu izilwane zasemhlabeni - iselesele ezivamile, frog Far Eastern, isihlahla frog.

imisebenzi yesayensi

Hlobo luni umsebenzi wenziwa Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve? Lokho ivikelwe insimu yalo? Zonke izinto etholakala endaweni esiqiwini, ngaphansi kokuqondisa abasebenzi, ezibhekene eziningi izinkinga, phakathi kwazo endaweni yokuqala ukuvikelwa kanye nekusita Isikhwama ekhona. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi imiNyango yesayensi obhekene ukuqapha isimo flora, nezilwane, ihlathi emasimini. Idatha etholwe kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eyedlule ngoba ukuhlolwa ezanele ngokwawo mayelana nomsebenzi owenziwayo. Bonke ezilotshwe Annals of imvelo. Ukuze siqhube abasebenzi babo njalo wahlanganyela kokuma ensimini. Okwamanje, abasebenzi bhalisiwe 2850 zinhlobo izinambuzane. koridal - Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomele ezingavamile zezwe isinambuzane wavulwa. Annals of Nature wethulwa abasebenzi ngo-1964, it siqukethe izingxenye: sendawo nomhlabathi, kwesimo sezulu nezenzakalo, nemvelo ikhalenda, amanzi, umhlaba, izilwane zasendle kanye nezilwane, izimila nezimila. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka kanti abasebenzi esiqiwini okwamanje.

indlela emvelweni

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve (izikhombo enikezwa esihlokweni) ukwenza imisebenzi yesayensi kanye nokongiwa hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi uhlela uhambo ethokozisayo endleleni kwemvelo ehlathini evikelwe. Kungakapheli nehora, kwafika izivakashi kukhona 0.6 ukusuka ungumqondisi zifunde amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izitshalo nezilwane esifundeni. Izivakashi nethuba ukubona izitshalo ezingavamile. Kodwa ukuhlangabezana isilwane akunakwenzeka ukuba iphumelele, ngoba kukhona indlela ezifihliwe ngaphezulu ekuphileni futhi bavama ukuzigwema ukuhlangana nabantu.

Phakathi uhambo, izivakashi futhi uvakashele ngasogwini iziteshi Amur, bona banethuba eliyingqayizivele ukubona futhi asishukumisele Khekhtsir umngcele sokuhlukanisa indawo ephakathi imibuso emibili - eChina naseRussia. Uma ufisa ukuvakashela esiqiwini, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umsebenzi lapha isikhungo isivakashi ngokuthi "Khekhtsir". It unikeza yokuhlala e guest house.

Ngokwe-izivakashi, kufanele nakanjani vakashela reserve and ukubona indawo eyingqayizivele. Futhi ukubukeka isikhungo izivakashi insimu yalo inikeza ithuba abe ngempelasonto enkulu ithanga bemvelo ehlathini enhle.

Esiqiwini into ukubona. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo ungabona izinyoni eziningi ukuzwa becula. abameleli abaningi zezindawo ka zinyoni sekuphenduke umkhuba.

Uyithola kanjani kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe?

Esiqiwini iseduze eKhabarovsk. Ngaphambi nokuphathwa Umuzi angafinyelelwa ngenombolo ibhasi 7. ensimini kufanele uhambe inombolo itekisi 109 kuya Korfovsky ngomzana, bese ukufinyelela ngezinyawo. Ungase futhi uthathe inombolo ibhasi 107 futhi phuma ngaso Kazakevichevo emzaneni.

Emnyango kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe kungavunyelwe abangabazi. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngempela ukuba ube khona. Wonke umuntu wamukelekile ukuba udabule leli umzila emvelweni futhi ufunde okuningi mayelana nezilwane zendawo izitshalo.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe bemvelo

Ngaphakathi wokugodlwa isebenze Museum of Nature. Abasebenzi-iziqondiso tshela izivakashi ne abameleli engavamile kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo lo Ussuri ehlathini. Esikhathini Museum ungabona zobuciko emangalisa - Khekhtsir amaminerali, iminonjana izilwane kanye iqoqo izinambuzane, izihloko zokuqala ngezinto zemvelo. Amaqembu zezivakashi nethuba isicelo Ukuvakashela esiqiwini, njengoba ukufinyelela kwamahhala endaweni akuyona.

izindawo Ezokuphepha

Ukuze enze imisebenzi kwemvelo zensimu ivaliwe kubantu. Zonke izinto zemvelo ziyingxenye ngaphansi kokuqondisa abacwaningi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, zokuzijabulisa abazenzi kusengaphambili, okuvumela ukuvakashela izwe ivikelwe amaqembu ihlelwe ilungiselelo ngaphambi. Izilawuli okuqinile umnakekeli ezihambisana hhayi kuphela nokuvikela izindawo kanye izilwane zasendle, kodwa futhi ukusondela ukuba nomngcele waseChina.