Inkondlo Junker Lermontov kanye nokuhlaziywa emfushane

imisebenzi Lermontov sika, kulotshiwe neminyaka ayichitha esikoleni ubusosha, neze eyaziwa izilaleli ebanzi. I imininingwane yokuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi kwalesi sikhathi wenza ukungaxoxi ngayo noma ngisho ukukhumbula, hhayi silingcolise inkumbulo wayeyisazi eliqhakazile izincwadi Russian. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwaba khona-ke ukuthi abhalwa edumile ubusosha inkondlo Lermontov! "Goshpital", "ePeterhof iholide" kanye "Ulanshu" amasampuli isitayela okusezingeni eliphezulu akakwazi ngokuthi ngisho elula, kodwa abaphonse aphume igalelo imbongi kungaqali - Isiphelo sakhe lo ubusosha "enza imigilingwane enjengeye" kusho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi.

uphonsa intsha

Ukutadisha at Petersburg University, kwathatha eMoscow University, bese ubuyela emuva Petersburg - ukuqubuka izenzo intsha ngokunganaki. Ukulahla phakathi kwezikhungo zemfundo dolobha ezimbili ziphelile ngoba Lermontov ensigns esikoleni Guards nabamahhashi amasosha, lapho waphoqeleka ukuba benzeni 1832. I confluence izimo, izinkolelo Petersburg izihlobo -. Futhi manje M. Yu Lermontov e esikoleni ubusosha. isikhathi zothando zokuphila losalela emuva.

Uhlelo zemfundo ngesikhathi amasosha kwakuhluke kakhulu umatasa, plus sokuprakthiza isosha lasetshenziswa inkululeko abathanda izinsizwa emikhayeni ekhomba ngophakathi abekho indlela engcono kakhulu - futhi sonke isikhathi khulula abantu zabo ezincane ukuchitha e binges kobuntwana futhi carousing. Namuhla enjalo Ukuzitika ayeliqamba de-ukucindezeleka, e naleyo minyaka kunezithunywa psyche abasha kokululama okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ubusosha ubizelwa hhayi kuphela njengoba abantu ekuzitikeni ngokweqile.

Iminyaka Engu amathuba elahlekile

Le nsizwa owabhala eneminyaka engu-17 inkondlo yakhe yokuqala brilliant - "Ingelosi", kwakudingekile, ukukhohlwa umzuzwana izithombe romantic, ukuba njengawo wonke. Lermontov, naphezu ubuthakathaka sobala kwaba inamandla ezandleni zakhe - wagoba metal wokuhlanza induku, okuhlanganisa ifindo, bayazidlalela. Lokhu amandla, ikhono kalula uqambe epigrams satirical, amakhono okwenza imidwebo Lermontov eyasiza idumela phakathi amasosha ngenxa kwakwakhiwa yabo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhalekisi nabo kwakungadingeki umbhedo wakhe romantic - comrades safuna izinkondlo inhlamba, indawo, hhayi sisitshekelwe ngamahloni. Kwakudingeka izinkondlo ubusosha. Lermontov-encyclopedia agcwaliswa kuleyo minyaka engu izinkondlo ezinjalo. Lezi "Ulansha", "ePeterhof iholide", "Goshpital" - lutho kodwa isibonisi yezithombe ezingcolile empilweni yangempela amasosha. Lermontov othandekayo, Pushkin futhi wabhala uthembeke izinkondlo obuseduze, kodwa obuseduze, Kwathi Lermontov. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili ku lutho esikoleni imbongi oluvelele wadala - empilweni yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane waphathwa walahlekelwa isikhathi.

ONgcwele egconwa

Naphezu kude ukuziphatha efanele amasosha, abanye izikhathi biography of Lermontov bathi izikhulu kwaba egazini balaba bantu abasha. Michel akhuleka ugogo wakhe imbongi - E. A. Arseneva - asikwazanga esemyeka. Ukuqasha indawo eduze esikoleni, wathuthela incekukazi yakhe, owayenikwe umsebenzi baphaphame njalo ekuseni, umnumzana yakhe sezinzwa ecindezela imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuba isikole kuphakame drumbeat babulawa okubi akunamthelela psyche yakhe, ukondla zonke izinhlobo izitsha. Lwesayensi ubusosha okuyihlazo poems Lermontov comrades zaziwazi uthando kukagogo ngoba imbongi, kodwa ithenda wayengalokothi into bosulu nokuhleka kwabo usulu. Akukholeki ubudlelwano phakathi umzukulu nogogo Junkers abasha beqonda cishe njengoba njengomuntu olungile. Abaphila Besikhathi imbongi, bonke ngothi lwabo, wazi ukuthi okungenhla abazali Lermontov baye bavumela ngokwabo ukudlala iqhinga phezu ugogo wakhe - neze.

Liyaziphikisa ukuhlolwa wesimanje

Natives lesikole ubusosha, lapho ekugcineni wehlela emlandweni ngoba wafunda kanye Lermontov, bese wethula ukuhlolwa kakhulu ezahlukene ubuhlobo imbongi nabontsanga yakhe, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene bamchaza njengomuntu. Futhi lokhu futhi umzila ukuthi Lermontov wabhala kuleyo minyaka. Wayephikisana obala waklolodelwa zonke amagama abanye phakade kuboshelwe amavesi yakhe futhi iminyaka izinkondlo ubusosha. Phakathi kwabo Tizengauzen, which busisa yokusingatha ikheli omunye inkondlo odumile, Shahovsky, Polivanov, Prince Baryatinsky ... Kugcine enikelwe inkondlo! Wayengahlala kanjani ukuthethelela Lermontov "Goshpital", lapho isikhulu lezinceku e esikoleni ubusosha yabona migqa elandelayo: "Futhi isibindi yi kushunqe iwayini ngiyocasha ngaphezulu isikhulu wethu; Wayibamba isiqhebezo - iza imfiva, izandla zakhe ebambe siqu sakhe ... ". indaba ephakeme mayelana adventures iNkosana yimbi. Endzabeni Baryatinsky, waphupha wayohlangabezana obuseduze wasendlini abasha, ebumnyameni, udidekile ngayo Isalukazi ngaphuma ngalolo ngayo yonke ugqozi isineke bobusha bakhe. Lutho neze efana Lenkazimulo enikeziwe Prince Junker inkondlo Lermontov, azale engqondweni yakhe zayijabulela cwaningo ngokuhlanganyela.

amaziyo Obulalayo lesikole ubusosha

Endaweni ethile ekuqaleni 1834 (isimangalo ofunda Lermontov ukuthi kwakusebusika) esikoleni wanquma ukushicilela iphephabhuku ngesandla "Isikole entathakusa". Waphuma ngoLwezithathu. Zonke ngesonto wonke umuntu angakwazi ukubhala ukuthi ufunani, wafaka imibhalo yesandla sakhe ekhabetheni eziqokiwe omunye amatafula ehostela. NgoLwesithathu kusihlwa, lezi yesandla yayigcinwa ithungwe base ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo. Umbhali ethandwa iningi "Isikole sokuntwela kokusa" kwaba Yiqiniso, Lermontov. Junker inkondlo Lermontov ayikwazanga okushicilelwe kulo magazini, kodwa kusuka emakhasini isikole samasonto onke base kahle aziwayo zonke amasosha ababefunda kanye Lermontov. Enye Umelekeleli njalo umagazini kwakunguJesu UNikolai Martynov - uqalekisiwe imbongi yethu enkulu killer.

Ngo "Ukuvuma 'wakhe, Martynov wabhala ngemva shot ebulalayo, uzama ukuchaza, kungani Pyatigorsk Lermontov ngokuthi a Duel, kungani ungaphuthelwa. Ukuthukwa abazenzayo esikoleni ubusosha, futhi ashiye uphawu lwawo lapha - Martynov ayikwazanga ukhohlwe amahlaya ubudala yena eyalotshwa imbongi.

Junker kokuba uncensored

Mhlawumbe Martynov futhi wayenesizathu esihle ulinyazwe Lermontov, kodwa okuningi yalezi zisekelo kwadingeka labo amagama ezishiwo imisebenzi imbongi. Amagama abo ahlelwe ngenhla, kodwa abanye amaqiniso ekuphileni kwansuku zonke lidlule enkondlweni amasosha "Ode kuya yangasese," ukukhuluma mayelana kungamboza ububi yokuziphatha ngisho nokwengeza abantu abaningi abaqhamuka emindenini zasebukhosini. Uma umsebenzi okufutshane "Ukuze Tizengauzenu" Lermontov wabhala engalimazi: "Aniboni yini VOD iso languid ngakho, round ... olungaqondile, voluptuousness kungokufanayo ngamabomu musa ukuntela ...", lo "Ode kuya yangasese," imbongi ngokungagwegwesi wazise abafundi abavamile phakathi abafana zobungqingili . Yini ubusosha Lermontov inkondlo nobe izinkondlo leyo minyaka phelisa ingxenye elandelayo kokulimaza vulamehlo? Ngaphandle "Junker womthandazo 'yakhe - ukuthi Bangene iqoqo encane eziqashelwa ngokomthetho leyo minyaka emibili Lermontov imisebenzi ebhaliwe ebhalwe kuye (kusuka 1832 kuze 1834-th) ukuthi imbongi wachitha esikoleni. izinkondlo zakhe engenangqondo azikaze eshicilelwe, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala.

Inkazimulo enkazimulweni sokwahlukana

Uma izinhliziyo zabanye ofunda sivuthwe futhi ekhula ukweyisa siqu, izindaba uthembeke ekukhanyeni labo abamagama ezingazange kubonakala ngemisebenzi imbongi, kudlalwa ngaye ngokuvamile igama elibi, futhi emenza ubandlululo ezinhliziyweni zabantu angaphandle ngokuphelele imbongi. obaba Noble kukhona sikuhlole at amabhola kanye reception wokuziphilisa namadodakazi abo noma amakhosikazi imbongi ngonya iza eduze - okwaholela angaphezu inkazimulo esikoleni umbhali inhlamba poemok nombhali "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" zonakala. Kodwa ngisho nokubonakala emakhasini omagazini Pechorin wedolobha hhayi ngokushesha kusulwe umbono omubi ezingqondweni zabantu baseRussia, owatshala kubo Junker inkondlo Lermontov. Ibhalwe ukufa inkondlo Pushkin sika "Ukushona Poet" kancane washintsha isipiliyoni jikelele, kodwa ekugcineni ujike maqondana nokwamukelwa Mikhail Yurevich kweqiniso consummated kuphela ngemva kokukhululwa kwe "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." Gone are kweminyaka, izinto eziningi zake zenzeka ngaphambili ukukhanya "ukhohlwe" Ngavumela boyish Lermontov.

Akukhona nje ngokuphila kwansuku zonke

Lermontovedov baphikisa ngokuthi inkondlo emangalisayo "Haji Abrek" kanye omunye izinhlelo ze-"Demon" zalotshelwa nje eminyakeni yokufunda esikoleni ubusosha. KuComrades, imbongi batshelwa ukuthi kaningi ngemva umthetho wesikhathi sokubuya ekhaya Lermontov waya amakilasi kude futhi kukhona isikhathi eside athule futhi ukuba yedwa wabhala. Omunye uthola umuzwa wokuthi isikole bahlala Lermontov ezimbili ezihlukene: usuku kwaba i ubusosha abavamile, hhayi ngokungafani nezinye amabhoklolo okunjalo futhi abagxeki (kungakho poemki yayo engenangqondo), futhi ebusuku uguqulwe ngokwayo - nomzimba omncane, sengozini, egcwele romanticism futhi imizwa inhliziyo. Kukholakala ukuthi "u-Ismail Bey", umkhankaso emuva e Moscow, laqedwa nje eminyakeni yokufunda esikoleni ubusosha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala umsebenzi phezu noveli "Vadim", okuyinto engakaze anezelwe. Kuyancomeka ukuthi izinkondlo zamaphoyisa nenkondlo Lermontov kweminyaka egqwalile ngokumelene isizinda imisebenzi enikelwe eCaucasus abawuthandayo, ukuhamba futhi ukuzulazula kwezinye izihloko yinhlonipho.

Revenge, eziphiwe ngokusebenzisa iminyaka

Ubude eyathatha iminyaka emibili esikoleni, kodwa ngaphambi kokufa imbongi labo imisebenzi uthembeke olusankondlo ezinyathelweni zakhe. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, inkondlo le ubusosha Lermontov sika Iveza impilo okuyihlazo zabantu bangempela kakhulu. Futhi amadoda amabili salabo abamfundisa nembongi esikoleni, kudlalwa ekuphileni kwakhe indima ebulalayo. It Martynov (incazelo akhethekile anikezwa lapha akudingekile) kanye Baryatinsky (nokuzonda kwakhe Lermontov wakhula eminyakeni kuphela). Nomthelela le mbongi ozithandayo of eCaucasus.

Lermontov wayevame Pyatigorsk, lapho ayesengumuntu ingane alethwe ekhaya ugogo. Yayiyini Baryatinsky ukuthi ngemva kokukhululwa esikoleni eminyakeni embalwa baba marshal ensimini, umbusi eCaucasus isondela uMbusi, ukuqonda ukuthi ngemva kwakhe izinceku sikhonona ngokuziphatha kwakhe abakhanukayo wake lelipelwe ku esasinedumela elibi, "Goshpitale"? Futhi ke kukhona futhi Lermontov ngezikhathi phambi kwamehlo esongelayo. Yiqiniso, Baryatinsky amandla amandla akhe njengoba engalimaza umsebenzi intuthuko imbongi. Lawa kwakungamadodana ebulalayo ubusosha enza imigilingwane enjengeye.

Okumhlophe kule minyaka emithathu eyedlule

Ukwakhiwa izinkondlo okuqala e Lermontov, abhalwe Eminyakeni yokuqala lokusungula bayazi, nesitayela ezahlukene kanye nosayizi. Ezisithintayo yokuntuleka pheze ephelele ifomu nensada epithets abaqhoshayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile ezinye izinkondlo kungenziwa amazwibela wayeyisazi esizayo kuyabonakala, kodwa izazi etemibhalo bakholelwa ukuthi the best of konke okuye adalwe Lermontov, nakhu ayekubhalile kusuka 1838 kuya eminyakeni 1841 - the last ekuphileni kwakhe. Ngandlela-thile ngaphandle zidalwe ku 1831 "Ingelosi" in the 1837th "Ukufa imbongi."

Kule minyaka emithathu eyedlule kwakukhona "Novice", the last (lesishiyagalombili) edition of "The Demon", "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." ithalente Lermontov sika lakhula ngokushesha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuningi kangakanani, nakhu ayekubhalile esikhathini esizayo, uma kungekhona ukuthi wadubula ubusosha esikoleni nabo?