Inhlabathi asidi nezindlela yokuzimisela yayo

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nenhlabathi ehlukahlukene kuhluke kakhulu ukuba khona futhi ezingeni ezikuyo, adi- futhi compounds zabo. Lezi izici ezithonya ukuvundisa inhlabathi kanye nezinye izinkomba isitshalo izitshalo ezithile.

I-asidi i-pH

izinga Soil inkomba ezingeni pH elihambisana degree of lokuhlushwa hydrogen ion e isixazululo zobumba. Ibizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso asidi ubizwa ngokuthi i-pH.

asidi kwenhlabathi incike yawo yamakhemikhali kwengoma. Kuyinto esidi, ane-alikhali noma hlangothi. Ane-alikhali futhi esidi nenhlabathi okwengeziwe ahlukaniswe umngcele gradations. Kuye ezingeni asidi we kwenhlabathi kakhulu azibukhali, wavuma nangobumnene, futhi ane-alikhali, efanayo, ngezwi elithambile kakhulu futhi sredneschelochnymi. I-asidi we pH inhlabathi senyukile kusuka azibukhali izimo ane-alikhali. It ubhekwa pH kokungathathi hlangothi = 7. Uma kuwukuthi ngaphansi, khona-ke umhlabathi kubhekwa esidi, ngenhla - ane-alikhali. Inani asidi kuthinta iqophelo ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo. asiqonde ngokugcwele kudingekile izakhi izitshalo can ezimele kuphela. Ngisho Umanyolo omuhle akudali izimo kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni at pH okuyinto ephakeme noma ngaphansana hlangothi.

nenhlabathi azibukhali yilezi:

- pH = 4 futhi esingaphansi - asivumelani ngokuqinile esidi;

- pH kusuka 4 kuya ku 5 - ngobumnene;

- pH-5 kuya ku 6 - wavuma ene-asidi.

nenhlabathi Neutral abe pH 6.5-7.

nenhlabathi ane-alikhali yilezi:

- pH 7-8 - kancane ane-alikhali;

- pH 8-8.5 - ke sredneschelochnye;

- pH 8.5 noma ngaphezulu - kufana kakhulu ane-alikhali.

Inhlabathi asidi inomthelela degree sokungena ku izicubu izitshalo of izinsimbi ezisindayo equkethwe enhlabathini. Ngezinye pH kokungathathi hlangothi izinsimbi ezisindayo sihlale sikuleso lesibopho futhi ingxenye encane kuphela aqoqana izitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nenhlabathi azibukhali nge pH ongaphakeme zihlanganisa aluminium eziningi, manganese nensimbi ngesimo ezinesihlungu ukuze izitshalo.

Futhi nge radionuclides: pH umphumela izinga ukumuncwa kwabo simila. Kule ndaba, singasho ngempela nakanjani ukuthi ezimele izakhi ezidingekayo basuke ngokufanele zimuncwe yizimila, futhi ukumuncwa izinto eziyingozi azinakwa.

Ukunqunywa inhlabathi asidi

Izitshalo eziningi bakhetha a ene-asidi kancane futhi singathathi hlangothi. Ngezinye izikhathi ekwandeni ukhula kungenzeka ukulinganisa asidi zenhlabathi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukhula ngenkuthalo ubhujiswe, akunakwenzeka ngoba kungenzeka ukuba yahlulele ngokunembile asidi. Indlela ukucacisa asidi we inhlabathi? Ukuze sithole lokho, ungasebenzisa test iphepha (TU16-09-1181-71). Ezitolo ungathenga iqoqo isihlungi emapheshana. emapheshana ehlungiwe zipendwe ukukhanya orange umbala, liphathwa enamathela okubonisa ukuthi eshintsha luhlaza kuye ngokuthi ezingeni pH.

ithebula anezelwe isethi ibonisa asidi zenhlabathi, kuye ngokuthi umbala okhethiwe.

Ukuze kutholakale izinga asidi kwenhlabathi sithathwa ukuhlaziywa ekujuleni ezahlukene ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ngesakhiwo. Umhlabathi ngokwawo zihambisana indwangu obukhulu, is abethela futhi ibekwe emanzini. Thatha ingxenye eyodwa inhlabathi kanye izingxenye 4-5 amanzi. Khona-ke, ikhambi okuholela lalikhungethwe zobumba inkomba iphepha. Umbala okuholela ukuhlanganisa ne esikalini ukucacisa asidi.

Ukuze uthole anolaka ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi iphepha acid-base ezimbili ezinemibala ingasetshenziswa, kodwa ukuhlaziywa esinembile - "zamakhorali", iphepha jikelele, noma ezinye izinkomba ukuthi abe pH uhla encane. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma inhlabathi azibukhali ngesikhathi sabo cottage ehlobo? Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, ungenza emlotheni, wokulinganisa, umcako, oluyimpuphu isakhiwo usimende. Lapho kakhulu inhlabathi ane-alikhali udinga ukwengeza izwe ukuphendula esidi noma uhlangothi, futhi inhlabathi ezahlukene uhlanganise kahle.