Inermis umlilo (utshani): Ukutshala kanye Ukunakekela

Omunye Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi ewusizo kakhulu kwezolimo inermis umlilo - utshani, okuyinto lubaluleke njengoba feed imfuyo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kuthuthukisa umhlabathi ne-nitrogen eningi, esikhiqiza ke kusuka carbon dioxide zimuncwe yizimila kusukela emoyeni.

incazelo

Limelela brome utshani esigaxeni ihhashi, obude ongafinyelela amamitha nenxenye. Isiqu bushelelezi, gustooblistvenny kunothile amahlumela eside. Ihamba ububanzi oluyisicaba kusuka 4 kuya ku-10 mm, umbala aluhlaza. Ngo kubanda, umbala wabo buphela. Inflorescence a panicle, ogama obuphelele - 15-20 cm, eyakhiwa spikelets yobukhulu enkulu 12 kuya ku-30 mm. Phansi izikali ezimibalabala umbala onsomi has a ububanzi wekhasi membranous. Phezulu okusanhlamvu kanye amaqanda embozwe izinwele obukhulu. Isikhathi izimbali sifushane, kuncike nesimo sezulu futhi sihlala amaviki angu-2. Ukubuka lokhu utshani ngalolo suku, ungabona kanjani lapho esitshekile bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene imishanelo akhanyayo elibomvu, okuyinto kakhulu efana ilangabi.

Uhlelo impande izitshalo unamandla ngempela futhi ifinyelela amamitha amabili ukujula. Nale brome esigaxeni uyakwazi ukwedlulisa ukoma, enikeza ezithela eliphezulu hay, ngisho ezindaweni lapho imvula incane khona. Resistant futhi yezikhukhula isikhathi eside.

izindawo yokusabalalisa

Ngokuvamile, lokhu isitshalo kungatholakala e-Europe, i-Asia Minor North. ERussia likhula cishe kuyo yonke indawo ngaphandle kwe-Arctic futhi izingxenye Ekude. Ngokuyinhloko, ezikhulayo ngasogwini lomfula imifula, amadamu, ezimfundeni namahlathi kwaphela, ukwakha amahlozi okumsulwa. Akwazi ukubekezelela umlilo budebuduze izitshalo ezifana itiye edlelweni sverbigi Eastern, bluegrass namanye abameleli wokudla. Kahle ayisukumele imbewu yayo ukukhula Izingxube nge alfalfa.

izimo ezikhulayo

Inermis umlilo - utshani ngempela linesizotha. Sikhula kahle kwi elangeni. It ukhetha ocebile inhlabathi umsoco ngokwanele saqotshwa kahle. Sikhula ohamba phambili ku-loam, loam sandy akhanywa Peat bogs. Ziyakwazi lungafanelekile inhlabathi usawoti. Bona beardless wheatgrass umlilo lwaludlula ngokushesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba lesi sitshalo iyona permeability amanzi enhlabathini, ubumba obukhulu ikhula kuhle ezimbi. nomthelela ongemuhle ekukhuleni utshani ukusondela komhlaba. Ngo izimo ezikahle, inkathi yokusetshenziswa kwezomnotho lingafika iminyaka engu-20 ezindaweni ezomile mncane kakhulu futhi akuvamile idlula iminyaka 6.

Nakuba inermis umlilo - utshani nesomiso nemithi, i-lokushisa emoyeni ngenhla 38 kwenzeka ⁰S ezishile yayo emikhulu. Nokho, imimoya ibekezelelwe yilesi sihlahlana ingcono kakhulu nezinye okusanhlamvu. Ekuqaleni ukukhula umlilo kungaba sicindezeleke izitshalo abade, kodwa ekhula kancane kancane, yena ngokwakhe iqala ukuba azixoshe eziningi izitshalo, okuholela umzabalazo yimpumelelo ngokumelene ukhula.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Ukuqhuba labantu lokhu isiko ngosizo imbewu vegetatively. I okufana lokuqala vivo inenani kulencane. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imbewu utshani akhiqizwa izinto eziningi ezinkulu ngokwanele (kufika ku eziyinkulungwane 18 ngamunye 1 m), ikhula kuphela ingxenye encane, futhi sifinyelele amayunithi umuntu omdala.

Kungenzeka ukuveza vegetative kwenzeka kuphela ngonyaka wesine isikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Isikhala elalihlala uhlelo impande ikhula, is kancane kancane. Kusukela amahlumela amasha, izimpande abasha bafundile, izitshalo ezintsha akhiwa. Ngenxa le ndlela yokuzala inermis umlilo - utshani eziqinile kakhulu futhi bazivumelanisa ezihlukahlukene kwezimo ezingezinhle.

Ukutshala kanye Ukunakekela

On yokulima nokutshala zalesi sitshalo ukukhiqiza ngemva sunflower, ummbila, amazambane. Lokhu arcade kwenziwa ekwindla, kodwa kungenziwa kutshalwe entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngezinye okuqhubekayo kutshalwe imigqa seeding ngesilinganiso ezingu 7 imbewu (mayelana 25 kg ihektha 1). On enhlabathini evundile lemali kungenzeka kancane sehliselwe 5 million, futhi okungekuhle ukukhula - anda laya ezigidini ezingu-1-2. imbewu Utshani kukhona ukukhanya kakhulu, futhi ukuhlwanyela nabo kunzima. Kwenza le kulula ukubangeza superphosphate luyimbudumbudu ngesilinganiso 50 kg ihektha 1. ukujula zokutshala -. 4 kuya 5 cm Ngemva kokuhlwanyela inhlabathi oswakanyiswe kancane Kwehla.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ngoba isivuno akusiyo kuphela indlela ukuhlwanyela utshani, kodwa futhi njengoba ukuvundiswa yayo kuvikelwe kahle. Ukuze uthuthukise ekukhuleni mass vegetative usizo olukhulu ukunikeza nitrogen umquba, okuyinto unyaka ngamunye kwenziwa entwasahlobo, 50 kg ngehectare.

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila zalesi sihlahla liyadingeka ulwe ukhula. podkashivalis yabo 2 noma izikhathi 3 ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, ungenza ukucutshungulwa amahhala esindayo, kanti owesine - a Harrow disk igeja.

ukusetshenziswa

Inermis umlilo - kuyinto eyigugu aklaba nedlelo isitshalo uyakwazi isivuno high kakhulu. Ngisho nasezingxenyeni ezomile futhi okungekuhle ka kungaba quintals ehektheleni kufika ku-50. Sinenkosi okusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu umsoco futhi utshani obuluhlaza hay, ehlanganisa i-extractives nitrogen-ukhululekile 47% fat - 21% amaprotheni - 19% amaprotheni - 16%, 9% umlotha, kanye 3% amafutha. Lokhu sitshalo sidliwe yizilwane ubumnandi. Isetshenziselwa futhi njengoba kokudla kwezilwane, futhi ukuqinisa inhlabathi ezindaweni ezithandwa ubaleka, ukuze uvikele kwemithambeka nemihosha.

Inermis umlilo eyandulela ezinhle izitshalo uyakwazi ukunciphisa inhlabathi evundile. Alwa ngayo ukhula, abacindezela kubo ngonyaka zokuphila kwakhe kwesibili.

Sebenzisa brome emadlelweni Kunconywa ngaphansi amasu athile. Izitshalo emgodini kuyadingeka kuphela ubudala hhayi ngaphambili wezingane ezintathu, lapho Turf kuyinto aminyene ngokwanele. It kwenziwe kuze kube imijikelezo ezintathu, kuyilapho zasemoyeni part zihlukanisiwe hhayi ngaphansi kuka 6 cm. Izinkomo ukwaluka nedlelo elalihlala lokhu isiko, akuvunyelwe ekwindla. Lokhu kungaholela yokuthi izakhi awunaso isikhathi buthelela ngenxa musa yakha amahlumela ukuthi ngonyaka ozayo kuholela wehlise ezithela nefolishi kanye imbewu.

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu izakhiwo ewusizo kwesicelo ebanzi kakhulu kwezolimo umlilo beardless. Intengo imbewu zalesi sitshalo incane, nge-avareji ka-ruble angu-110-120 ngamunye 1 kg.