Indlela ukufaka futhi ulungiselele Xen Server

Iseva Xen is a platform ozinikele ukuthi izinqumo zawo usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe hardware wekhasi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuleli cala ungayitholi yimuphi umehluko oyisisekelo kwinqubo hlelo, kodwa kulokhu ukusebenza ifaniswe umkhiqizo umshini langempela, okwakwenza lo semininingwane ethandwa kangaka ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zezimboni.

Ziyini izinzuzo?

Phakathi izinzuzo main of usebenzisa Xen Iseva ukunikeza lokhu okulandelayo:

• • Ukunciphisa abalulekile esikhathini nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukuthuthukiswa wekhasi okunikezwa ngokuhlinzekwa hardware interface ngaphansi kokulawula isivakashi ezifanele.
• Ukunika amandla abasebenzisi yanda ukusebenza platform virtualisation ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi izinhlelo isivakashi ilawulwa nge hypervisor ngqo.
• ezisekelweni ezinjalo okuningi bavikelekile ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle, ngoba basebenzisa ocacile kakhulu imishini virtual ngokwabo, kanye nokusetshenziswa hardware imithombo. Umsebenzi we-platform ngamunye wenziwa ukuzibusa ngokugcwele kusuka nezinye izinto zokusebenza, okusho wonke amayunithi usebenze isikhala yayo nokusetshenziswa imithombo ngabanye.
• Phakathi kwezinye izinto, Xen Server Ipulatifomu okudalwe ezahlukene isivakashi wokusebenza kukhompyutha aphethe.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ngu uqobo, Xen - kuyinto hypervisor cross-platform. Lokhu platform ukuthuthukiswa eyingqayizivele, okuyinto ephethwe yi-University of Cambridge futhi manje basakaza ngokukhethekile GPL-ilayisensi. Ekuqaleni osekelwa amagatsha ezimbili eziyinhloko lomkhiqizo - version commercial futhi inguqulo ikhodi yomthombo, kodwa ngo-2009 kwathiwa ukuthi zonke izinketho for Xen Server kuyoba ngokuphelele free, ngaleso sikhathi kuyoba khona umthombo khulula.

Umqondo oyinhloko we hypervisor esinjalo lesizinda kakade inguqulo ye umshini virtual pre-ukuqaliswa. Esimweni lapho iqala ulayishe sonke kuphelile lesizinda bakha esisha ngemuva kokuphinda ulayishe. Ngisho e inqubo yokufuduka okuqukethwe Xen Server azokopishwa phakathi kwazo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuhamba ukhona, cishe njalo ewumshini ugcina kulayini izisetshenziswa ahlukahlukene, kodwa Xen usebenza ngqo kuphela umqondo lesizinda, nakho konke okunye kuza kuphela ngemva kuziwa ekunikezeni ukuphathwa isicelo, ukuhlinzeka ukulawula hypervisor.

Kungani uhlelo isakazeke kakhulu kangaka?

Namuhla singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi Citrix Xen Server ingenye izinhlelo enamandla kakhulu uyakwazi hardware wekhasi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imvelo esheshayo futhi evikelekile kunazo zonke izinhlobo, kodwa iwumphumela nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kuthiwe lesi sinqumo ibona ngokuphelele jikelele, ngakho-ke, kwezinye izimo, abasebenzisi Ungase futhi asebenzise ezinye izinhlobo software.

Indlela ukufaka futhi ulungiselele?

Citrix Xen Server yakhelwe ukunikeza ukusebenza kahle ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile-Windows ne-Linux nhlelo zokusebenzisa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ungasebenzisa ezinye izinketho ezisekelweni, kodwa umakhi kwenza asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi kuzokuba baqaphele ukuhlinzwa evamile.

Download wonke amafayela udinga ungakwazi kusukela indawo esemthethweni unjiniyela, kulesi simo sincoma pre bajwayelane imigomo eyisisekelo ukusetshenziswa futhi isivumelwano selayisense. Uma ulanda Server Citrix Xen futhi ubhala yona drive ethile, ungaxhuma idivayisi kwikhompyutha yakho futhi iqale ukusebenza. Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka iqiniso lokuthi inqubo yokufaka kuzosusa ngokuphelele noma iluphi ulwazi ukuthi agcinwe kwidiski yakho, ngakho-ke kufanele ucabange kusengaphambili mayelana nendlela ukuvikela ulwazi olubucayi.

Khona-ke uyobona isikrini ukuthi yenza ukuba ufake Xen Server 6.2 (noma iyiphi enye inguqulo uma uyilande). Ngemva edabula elula ukufakwa izinyathelo izovalwa iwindi, okubonisa platform abathwele ukufakwa lesifanele.

Ngemva kokugcina ukuqalisa Xen Server ku-Ubuntu Server, noma ezinye izinhlobo ezisekelweni umsebenzisi ngokuzenzakalelayo sekuqalile kuwindo e uhlelo ukugijima. Kubonakala sengathi i-main menu ukulayishwa Xen-uhlelo agcwele, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo is ahlukaniswe ngamakhalamu ezimbili, lapho ngakwesokunxele ungakhetha nemingcele eziyisisekelo ngokusebenzisa imicibisholo, kuyilapho ngakwesokudla uzobona wonke la ongakhetha, ungasebenzisa ukuba ukushintsha izakhiwo ezithile yesistimu yokusebenza. Ukuya kubo lolo shintsho, udinga ukukhetha into efiselekayo bese uchofoze u-Enter.

Nakuba wena ewindini Xen Ubuntu Ukuphathwa Server, ungasebenzisa sekhibhodi Alt F3 ukushintshela ejwayelekile Linux console, okuyinto waphinda kufakazela ukuthi, ngokwalo, le platform is a standard Linux, ifakwe amathuluzi abo, futhi Sikuqonda kahle futhi abaningi abawazi imfundo set. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kulabo bantu ngumnikazi Linux yesistimu yokusebenza, akukho nzima ngalolo ngokushesha kakhulu yokujwayelana izici eziyisisekelo umsebenzi le platform.

Lungiselela uhlelo

Uma uqala i-server, usebenzisa ikheli elihambisana bazokwazi ukubheka izixhumanisi ezimbili eziyinhloko kusiphequluli. Ngoba kufike umuntu mumbe, ungalanda XenCenter, ngayo nefunda ngayo izintambo platform, kuyilapho elinye Exe-fayela. Nokho, ngemva kokufaka, ngakho kuzobonakala console zokuphatha, ngemva kokuba seningenile kuwo e ikheli host lakho, futhi impande-password bese uzonikwa ukufinyelela ohlelweni.

Thola ulwazi eyisisekelo

Kwimodi ejwayelekile, umninikhaya ukugijima, ungabuka kokubili ulwazi ngezibalo kanye lobuchwepheshe, futhi perebiraniya amathebhu phezu sizokwazi ukuthola ukufinyelela eziningi okunye ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe kanye nemingcele. Ngokwesibonelo, kule thebhu Ukusebenza, ungakwazi ukubuka ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana ezithwele aphethe umshini Xen Server, ukuthunyelwa lapho isanda kwenziwa kanjani njengamanje, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa izinsiza ezikhona.

Fakela isivakashi

Uma ufuna ukubeka besistimu umninindlu, uzodinga ukuya iphuzu okusha VM noma nje VM futhi emva kuvulwa lento imenyu ukukhetha yesistimu yokusebenza ufuna ukufaka njengoba isivakashi. Ikakhulukazi, uma uthanda, kungabuye kwenziwe ukufakwa Xen Server Windows 7. Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi le platform inikeza ezihlukahlukene sasivumela ububanzi, futhi inqubo yokufaka cishe nsé nalezo esetshenziswa VMware Workstation. Okungukuthi, inqubo ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana:

• thayipha ukuthola izinhlelo;
• ukubeka inombolo oyifunayo izilimi futhi inkumbulo;
• Ukukhulula isikhala kwi-hard drive yakho noma isitoreji medium ozinikele ukufakwa esimisweni sakhe esisha.

Uma uke waba empilweni yami nakho ukuze VMware Workstation, ungaqiniseka ukuthi uthole kalula imisebenzi esemqoka futhi uyokwakha kalula usethe futhi ngacula kokuqala ukufakwa Xen Server ku-Windows 7 noma ezinye izinhlobo wokusebenza.

Yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo?

Ngemva kokudala futhi ukusebenzisa imoto entsha, inqubo liphenduka ngempela nendinganiso ukufakwa kohlelo lokusebenza obakhethayo. Futhi abekho izakhi ezintsha ngokuphelele. Badinga kuphela ulinde kuze kube sekupheleni kanjani ukufaka uhlelo olusha, ngemva kwalokho uzokwazi ukuthatha ngokugcwele console izici Xen Server. Zokuphaka VDI noma uqalise yimuphi omunye izindlela - konke lokhu manje phakathi amakhono akho, futhi ungasebenzisa uhlelo njengoba ubona kufanelekile.

I-hardware ingxenye

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukusebenza kohlelo encike ngqo kwi-hardware owasebenzisile. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kuqala ngaphambi kokudala amanye ifu ukunikeza amaseva ukuthi kuyoba inqubo wekhasi.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe kufuduka ngokwanele okusheshayo phakathi IBM ezahlukene njengengxenye ukuma usebenzisa inkinobho ekhethekile kwakuthiwa ukusheshisa ukuthuthela izikhathi 10, kodwa umkhuba i ukusheshisa ezinjalo ingaphezulu kakhulu kancane. Ukuze unikeze ukufinyelela inethiwekhi amaseva futhi imishini virtual, ngesishintshi ezengeziwe kungaba ukungezwa ukubunjwa ukuma, ngawo ukuthumela traffic kumakhasimende zangaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi okubalulekile ukusetshenziswa uninterruptible segezi ukuthi uzokuvumela inqubo yokutakula elungile iseva uma ukwehluleka emaphakathi ugesi.

Indlela libeke iseva?

Khona-ke kuphakama umbuzo, lapho izogcinwa imishini virtual. Kuleso simo bona izokwenziwa kuphela amaseva ngokwabo, kuyinto nomthelela omubi kakhulu ku nokwethenjelwa jikelele lonke uhlelo, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-yimuphi amaphutha une ukulahlekelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke imishini virtual isingathwe kuleli imishini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi le ndlela futhi izinkinga kakhulu jikelele sekulinganisa umsebenzi umthwalo, njengoba ekuqaleni kuzodingeka ukuba unikeze ewumshini ukuthuthela ukuhambisa drive yayo kwamanye iseva abanye, futhi lokhu bonke kudala eside kunalokho futhi eyisicefe inqubo.

Dala virtual ingqalasizinda

Ukuze zinike unenkululeko uphathe izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi imishini virtual, kanye ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi babengenabo subnet olulodwa "Iseva Xen", uzodinga ukuba afeze indima enkulu ekusungulweni virtual ingqalasizinda. Esikhathini Citrix ekuqaleni kusengaphambili ngale nkinga futhi bahlakulele DVSC, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi imelelwa ewumshini, kodwa isebenzisa inkumbulo kakhulu esingaphansi nezisetshenziswa.

Uma uya ngqo web-interface ye DVSC, uzothola kukhona impela eningi ukwaziswa okuwusizo mayelana ingqalasizinda inethiwekhi, kuhlanganise uhlu imishini virtual njengamanje ziphathwa ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi ethile, zonke izinhlobo abasafufusa imilayezo yamaphutha, kanye amagrafu kwenethiwekhi umsebenzi akuyona ngoba umshini othize ebonakalayo kuphela, kodwa ngomqondo obanzi lonke inethiwekhi.

DVSC futhi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela standard firewall imithetho okungase setha ngokusebenzisa AccessControl ithebhu. Inqubomgomo Ukuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi ihlukaniswe yaba amazinga amane kanye nemithetho asivumela ukuchaza uhlobo oluthile isinyathelo, protocol (okungase esabekwa Umthumeli nomamukeli izimbobo, kanye ukhombise yezifiso eyaziwa), kanye esithile kuso lo mthetho izosetshenziswa.