Indlela hlola ukungawi multimeter: ukuze uthole imiyalo nesilinganiso

Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela yokuhlolisisa ukumelana a multimeter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba ulinganise zamanje, voltage phakathi amaphuzu amabili, bese prozvanivat izifunda. Kuye uhlobo idivayisi, ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola diodes, transistors nezinye umsakazo eziningi.

Yiziphi multimeter?

esetshenziswa Ngaphambili Ukudayela (analog) imitha, kodwa manje abantu abaningi baye kwi digital njengoba elula kakhudlwana.

Isikhombi ithuluzi isasetshenziswa ochwepheshe. Yena usebenza engcono limile ngamagagasi omsakazo namasimu kagesi, akadingi i ezizimele ugesi, ngaphandle okuyinto multimeters digital awukwazi ukusebenza. Kulokhu, ukunemba izitatimende zabo ngokwezinga elikhulu kuthonywa bafake amabhethri. Bona kungalimala ngomcucuzo electrostatic okungahambisani zisongele umhloli analog.

Multimeter Ukudayela isebenza njengoba ammeter ifakwe ukushintshwa, shunts kanye voltage abahlukanisi, wasivumela ukuba ushintshele izindlela emisebenzini amadivayisi ahlukahlukene. Ngokuphambene, idivayisi digital ubonisa imiphumela ukuqhathanisa kanye kuhlaziywa umehluko phakathi kwemigomo kulinganiswa kanye namazinga.

Kubaluleka amadivayisi yokusebenza

Ukuze imitha ngalinye, izimfanelo okuyizinto yehlukile kulaba abanye, has izilinganiso zawo siqu eqondile, kodwa kunemithetho saziso zonke izinhlobo amadivaysi.

Ukuya kudivayisi ethile esakhelwe, kanye edingekayo wokulinganisa ububanzi nemingcele lisebenzisa eyodwa inkinobho.

Izilinganiso zenziwa ngokuthinta imikhondo lensimbi izibambo ukushisa namakhaza kuya babashayeli.

I kulinganiswa lepharamitha kumele abe phakathi omisiwe ububanzi inkinobho. Izilinganiso zenziwa yokuqala bands ephakeme, bese ushintshele ulungisa ukunemba edingekayo.

I voltmeter ixhunywe amaphuzu amabili ne nekhono ezahlukene.

Ukuze ukukala amandla lamanje kudala igebe i wesifunda kagesi kanye ammeter ezixhunywe kulo.

Ukumelana sasibalwa kwi-elementi, inqanyuliwe wesifunda, by edabula ke i kagesi kusukela esakhelwe iyunithi ibhethri.

Kuphenywe black wire ixhunywe Jack COM nge pole "-", ne red - ukuze VΩmA Jack isigxobo omuhle.

Available in onobuhle ezahlukene multimeters, izici ezihlukahlukene zalo msebenzi. Ukuze imiyalelo ngamunye wabo enamathiselwe kwabakhiqizi: indlela ukukala futhi ushintshe izindlela.

Iinsetjenziswa DMM

Ngesisekelo ukusebenza iningi onobuhle uyefana. Kungase kube imifanekiso ethé ukuhluka kancane, nesilinganiso imikhawulo nemisebenzi eyengeziwe. Zonke ukuphathwa nokulawulwa izakhi zitholakala kwi front panel: ukushintshela izindlela and bands, LCD, nezixhumi ngoba iphenya.

Amadivayisi eziphambili kakhulu ngokuzenzakalelayo ukhetha uhla nesilinganiso.

Okokuphenya zenzelwe ukudluliswa isiginali kusuka wesifunda kagesi izakhi kudivayisi. Kubo, kule divayisi Slots ezintathu eduze. Esikhathini Ukumeda kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kumele zigcinwe zikhona kuphela isibambo ngci.

Umgomo we operation

imitha kagesi in the iningi models ephansi ekupheleni egijima ku chip 1CL7106.

Lapho isignali voltage esilinganisiwe enikeziwe kusukela inkinobho okokufaka 31 nge R17 Resistor.

Ukulinganisa ubukhulu circuit DC exhunywe kwi-multimeter igebe. Amperage beqonda resistors kuncike ububanzi elinqunyiwe, ke voltage iconsi kuzo okokufaka 32.

Isifanekiso sibonisa kuphela imisebenzi eyisisekelo. onobuhle abaningi babe xaxa. Yikuphi imitha kuhamba phambili, umsebenzisi ngamunye unquma, kuye imininingwane yalolu nesilinganiso.

Ukumelana nesilinganiso wesifunda

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinhlobo kwaba multimeter, ohmmeter hlelo lokusebenza cishe kuwo wonke. Ngokuvamile ihlolwe ngosizo resistors, Transformers, inductors futhi ukuseviswa we-fuse. Ngezansi idayagramu lula we resistors nesilinganiso.

Kukhona zisetshenziswa isithenjwa resistors-R1 ... R6 kanye voltage ukushayela R101 kanye R103. In the mode nesilinganiso, bese ucatsanisa tintfo zinamandla inkomba okokufaka ilingana isilinganiso resistances elinganisiwe kanye inkomba.

Idivayisi isetshenziselwe ukuthola amakhefu esikuziphathimandla, ukubhidlika kwalo imiganu capacitor, kokuhlola ubuqotho babashayeli libhalwe phezu amabhodi ahambisa izintambo zikagesi.

Indlela ukukala ukumelana?

Indlela hlola ukungawi multimeter, sicela ufunde imiyalelo, kodwa indlela okuvamile onobuhle eziningi. On ukumelana umhloli kwesigaba ephawulwe ngumuntu "Omega". Enibaziyo uhlobo M832 onobuhle M83h, MAS83x nesilinganiso nemingcele emiswe 5: 200 Ohm, 2 K, 20 K, 200 K, 2 M. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-6-isikhundla isetshenziselwa embili ngamaketanga. I ibhaza icushiwe lapho ukumelana phakathi iphenya ka ohms esingaphansi 50. Ngezinye kudivayisi yabo interconnecting libonisa ukumelana ukubaluleka kancane ngenhla zero. Lapho ukubaluleka esithile ukumelana ezincane, inani sisuswe ukufundwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma Resistor kabani ukumelana cishe 1.5-7 K multimeter sokulinganisa M832 ukhetha uhla umkhawulo ka 20 K.

Ngokungafani namanye amadivayisi, i ohmmeter kungaba ukukala i ukumelana engaziwa ngasiphi ububanzi, ngeke kuholele ukuhluleka kwawo. Uma kulungiselelwa ayihambisani ngokwezinga okudingeka senze ngalo, isikrini izokhiya eyodwa noma zero. Esimweni sokuqala kubalulekile ukwandisa mkhawulo senhlobo wokulinganisa, futhi okwesibili - ukuze wehlise.

Nakani! Ngaphambi hlola ukumelana multimeter, Wabasaqalayo ngokuvamile zithinta ngezandla zombili bukhoma izingxenye terminals iphenya. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Resistor kukalwa nomzimba ukuthi wethula iphutha ukufundwa. Kuyinto enkulu ikakhulukazi uma kwenani eliyimali ulinganiswa megohms. imininingwane lokukhipha futhi ungakwazi ukubamba probe ngesandla esisodwa kuphela. Le mfuneko kumele abona othile ewunikela ngesikhathi ukuhlola yimuphi zikagesi.

Lapho kwalungisa zikagesi ivame okudingeka ukuba ulinganise ukungawi Resistor soldered ku circuit. Ukuze uthole i-ukufundwa olunembile, kubalulekile ukuba unsolder omunye iziphetho. Isifunda wokulinganisa uyokwakhiwa elingamasentimitha ohmmeter kanye Resistor. Uma soldered kuya wesifunda, ukumelana phakathi ezikhumulweni nezinye izingxenye umsakazo uzobe wafingqa. Uma into has a lot of iziphetho, ngokuba nesilinganiso ke kumelwe kuqala babe vypayat ngokuphelele.

ISIBONELO ukumelana nesilinganiso

Kuyadingeka ulinganise ukumelana ikhoyili, okuyinto ihlelo engaziwa. Ngokuvamile, mkhawulo esiphezulu. Lapho inkinobho kusethelwe ku- "2M" futhi ixhunywe ku ikhoyili ezikhumulweni Ucwaningo zonke zeroes esibukweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kagesi ukumelana ohlobo kukhona, kodwa nesilinganiso esikhethiwe ayilungile.

Khona-ke udinga ukusetha ukushintshela ku "200 K", okuhambelana uhla 0-200 K bese uxhuma iphenya multimeter futhi. On ukubaluleka ukumelana kuzovezwa, okuyinto ilingana 00,5 ohms. Uma ubufakazi phambi iphuzu zamadesimali kukhona amaqanda ke ufuna ukunciphisa ibanga wokulinganisa futhi. Isikhundla esilandelayo idivayisi inkinobho ngeke 0,73 ohms. Lokhu value ayisekho kunjalo.

Uma udinga ukuthola yi esinembile, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ububanzi 0-2 ohms balinganise futhi. Ngezinye 0,751 ohms kuzovezwa.

Uma ushintshele ku insimbi sizobonisa "1" ukukala ububanzi 0-200 ohms, okusho ukuthi ukubaluleka kulinganiswa idlula mkhawulo.

Ngaphambi ikhoyili prozvanivat multimeter ngokuba khona eweni, kubalulekile ukusetha inkinobho ukuze kule modi, bese uxhuma isivivinyo kuholela esiphethweni salo. Ukuba khona isiginali umsindo ibonisa ukuthi wesifunda isebenza. Uma ibhaza "buthule", kusho ukuthi i-zokugwema ukuphuka ikhoyili.

Okokuphenya ngoba multimeter

Okokuphenya ku abahloli isabelomali akuzona high, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinye zazo ukubheka into eyisimanga ngempela. Uma ukuthenga Kufanele kukhethwe yokuthi wire enwebekayo labetibambile uvalwe ngesikhathi indawo ukungena.

imikhawulo conductive zenziwa ngesimo izinaliti, ukuze bakwazi ibhoboze ukwahlukanisa wire noma ukuthola iziphetho chips ne isinyathelo esincane. Indaba esetshenziswa lethusi, okuyinto kabi kunesithembiso emphethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphawu inaliti ngiwunqamule ezindaweni.

Umkhuhlane wire ukwahlukanisa iba yayiqinile futhi kunzima ukusebenzisa ithuluzi.

Omunye ethile - contact nemaphutsa kuletinye isokhethi zedivayisi. Lapho izikimu ibhaza ngokuvamile elahlekile.

Okokuphenya ngokuba imitha ngokuvamile kufanele ulethe ejwayelekile ngezandla zabo. Kuze kube yimanje, izintambo kuthiwa soldered kuya lugs kanye nezixhumanisi embobeni akhethiwe abanye. Ichopho kufanele zaludit ukuthi uma uchofoza iphuzu yokukala ukubaluleka ukumelana kuzimele ingcindezi okuphakelayo.

Kungcono esikhundleni yesaha ngamafutha ingxenye enkudlwana engu- ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana yabo. I izintambo ayinqwaba ukumelana 0.2-0.5 ohms, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ephakeme.

Hlola ohmmeter ngaphambi umsebenzi

Ngo ukusebenza kwe-imitha babashayeli Ucwaningo bafake, esithinta imiphumela nesilinganiso ( "gxuma" inkomba). Ngaphambi umsebenzi kufanele ihlolwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, inkinobho sensimbi ebangeni aphansi futhi sesiwancamulile nomunye iphenya. Ngemva palpated babashayeli yayo ngci. Lapho contact abampofu ngaphakathi isibonisi uyakuduka ukufundwa. Ungase futhi uhlole dipstick e embili imodi. Uma ibhaza uzonyamalala futhi sivele, kusho oxhumana alithembekile.

amandla kagesi

Idivayisi ifakwe "Krona" ibhethri 9 V Uma isikrini imitha uvele kokuthi uphawu lwebhethri, kubonisa ukuthi ufile futhi idinga ukushintshwa. Kungenjalo, ukufundwa kuyoba ayilungile.

Kwamanye multitester khona BAMBELELA inkinobho. Lapho sicindezelwe, ukufundwa zilotshwe for ukufunda lula. Ukuze ubuyele operation evamile, kubalulekile ukuba ucindezele inkinobho.

isiphetho

Ngamunye multimeter imodeli sithengiswa nge iziyalo okufanele ngokucophelela ngoba uhlobo idivayisi ngamunye has izici zayo siqu.

Ngaphambi hlola ukumelana multimeter kufanele unqume ukuthi inani layo eseduze. Uma ukubaluleka ohms ambalwa, le nto ayikwazi unsolder ebhodini. Lapho ubukhulu ngo megohms Resistor kufanele desoldering balinganise ngaphandle kokuthinta izikhonkwane ngesandla.