Inani labantu base-Ethiopia. Inombolo kanye kwabantu labantu Ethiopia. Amakilasi labantu Ethiopia

Inani labantu base-Ethiopia inhomogeneous ngokuya Ukwakheka zobuzwe nezenkolo, futhi Sinesithakazelo esikhulu abacwaningi, izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu kanye ethnologists. Nesigcino zomlando yalesi sifunda kwelivekati le-Afrika savela nzima kakhulu. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, izwe iye yasungula uhlelo conglomeration emangalisayo abamele ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala nabahlaseli alien, izifiki futhi abayimizulane. Inani labantu base-Ethiopia ephawulekayo ihlanganisa amaqembu enkolo kukhona emhlabeni wonke umbono izitha ngekutsi ubuKristu, ubuSulumane, ubuJuda futhi namahlelo bendabuko.

izibalo

Ethiopia - omunye elinabantu abaningi kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika (77 abantu sq Km ngayinye.). Ngesikhathi esifanayo 75% labantu basuke bagxila izingxenye enyakatho nasenkabeni yezwe.

• Inani labantu Ethiopia likhula ngokushesha: njengoba ka 2014 ke Imali ilinganiselwa ngaphezulu kuka-90, futhi kule minyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-2004 - abantu abayizigidi ezingu-67 kuphela .. Enyakatho nezwekazi inombolo enkulu yabantu zibukhoma eGibhithe.
• On insimu yezwe iyikhaya amaqembu angaphezu kuka-80 yobuhlanga, ezinye zazo ziqukethe izizwe eziningana ehlukile. Egajwe inani abantu Oromo futhi Amhara.

• Umuzi esikhulu nesinabantu abaningi kunazo yaseTopiya - iyinhloko-dolobha i-Addis Ababa futhi Dire Dawa, Harer. I kwabantu labantu Ethiopia bezilokhu elixutshwe. idolobha ugcwale wenziwe phakathi nesikhathi esifushane, futhi abantu bakule ndawo kukhona idlanzana.

Inani labantu base-Ethiopia: iphethini Ethnic

Phakathi amaqembu amaningi yobuhlanga baseTopiya, waqokomisa namaqembu amaningana nezinethonya yobuhlanga. It is owandile ezweni Amhara kanye Oromo, kanye namanye amaqembu ambalwa.

Amhara. Ngalokhu uhlanga ungumnikazi mayelana 1/3 abaseTopiya. endaweni Ukuhlala - enyakatho namaphakathi yezwe, upland izindawo esifundeni Gonder, Shoa futhi Gojam. Kuyinto ngenxa welulwimi nemasiko Ethiopian Amhara isizwe esakhiwa. Namuhla Amhara futhi wenze iningi labantu ezisemadolobheni.

uhlanga esiyingqayizivele

Amhara Ethiopia basonta umjaho esiyingqayizivele - uhlobo zesikhashana phakathi izinhlanga Negroid futhi Caucasoid. Ukwakhiwa ethnos waqala, ngokuvumelana izincwadi zomlando, abantu emhlabeni ekhulwini XIII. Iningi we Amhara - monophysites amaKristu okuqondene wendawo Ethiopia iSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Kodwa phakathi kwabo ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana amalungu nezinye izinkolo yobuKristu ngisho amaSulumane.

Ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu labantu Ethiopia, ikakhulukazi Amhara, esekelwe igeja lokulima nezinkomo zizalela. On ekuniseleni izivande namahlathi kutshalwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zendawo amazwe kusuka kwamanye amazwekazi okusanhlamvu, imifino kanye nezithelo. Amhara Abantu ukuzalela izinkomo nemfuyo encane, yenkukhu, ukufuywa. Yezandla ithuthukiswe ezindaweni ezifana Blacksmithing, zobumba, ukweluka, isikhumba kanye nemikhiqizo ithambo, wickerwork, ubucwebe. Namuhla, ikakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu, inani labantu base-Ethiopia kuhlala kuyafana izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke: umsebenzi emkhakheni wezezimboni noma amasevisi.

Isizwe sasendulo Oromo

Isi-Oromo (igama elidala - lamaGalla). Leli qembu ezinhlanga ezithile kuwubulungisa ngobukhulu, kodwa kungcono kakhulu ukubuyeka eyohlobo ngaphandle Amhara. izizwe nezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene njengengxenye Oromo akuzona isiko kuphela, kodwa inkolo iningi lamalungu, ubunjalo zezombusazwe, ukuphila zezomnotho nezenhlalo wenhlangano

Isi-Oromo basonta kushitoyazychnoy sabantu ongumTopiya. Lapho sebephindele abayimizulane, futhi endaweni yazo etholakala emathafeni eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe. Esikhathini XVI ekhulwini Oromo iqhaza ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa nemizana Amhara, displacing imiphakathi yomdabu enyakatho. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Oromo babe amaqaba, abalandeli izinkolelo yobuhlanga bendabuko. Ngemva ayehlasela Ethiopia, abaningi babo uzoguqulelwa Islam, emancane ngenani ebuKristwini. Ngokwengxenye ukushintsha inkolo abayimizulane wangaphambili kwavusa amathemba lokuthula okuhlala njalo isimo sezenhlalo ukuthola izikhundla zikahulumeni. Kuze kube namuhla, phakathi Oromo sithole okuningi Abasekeli namahlelo wangaphambi kwezikhathi zobuKristu.

Namuhla Oromo yibona ku labantu esempumalanga ezinkangala zaseEthiopia. Eningizimu nendawo eyayihlala imiphakathi sasivumela eningi wokwelusa ukuthi namanje banamathele endleleni yokuphila evamile. Babeprakthiza i esiyinhloko sehlelo zakudala deifying umhlaba nesibhakabhaka, ngokuvumelana primogenitor yayo edume Oromo, ogama lakhe kwaba igama isizwe. umphakathi wendabuko Oromo sehlukaniswe castes, kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi, ubulili kanye ilungu abangontanga.

Somalia

Lesi sizwe esake kuhlanganiswe labantu Somalia, manje ngamaqembu amabili ase-yobuhlanga:

• somale,
• esincane (bukhoma ezingxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe).

Zonke Abesizwe kushitoyazychnoy iqembu. Ngokomlando athuthukiswe endaweni lapho ahlala khona - yomile emaphethelweni asempumalanga naseningizimu ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Ethiopia (esifundeni Ogaden, kanye nabanye.). Ngo asondeze zinhlanga waseSomalia emiphakathini umngcele ngaphansi kwezwe iKenya, Djibouti futhi Somalia uqobo kunezimfundiso Amhara futhi Oromo.

nezinye izizwe

Agau. Kanye ezinkulu emphakathini yobuhlanga, abahlala ezinkangala zaseEthiopia. Ngu sikhathi samanje Agau kufakwe cishe ngokuphelele Amhara. Agau ulimi siqu ingeyamakhosi iqembu Cushitic.

Kuze kube manje, Agau, okuyinto Ukulondolozile ungubani babo, bahlala enyakatho Lake Tana. Phakathi Agau kukhona ihlelo ezimbili eyinhloko yenkolo - kuyinto amaJuda (Falasha zinhlobo), kanye Kemet. Mithandazo utholakala kuphela iTopiya iyinkolo eziyinkimbinkimbi syncretic: kukhona avele izakhi namahlelo yobuqaba bendabuko, ubuKristu nobuJuda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuba lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa Kemet usalokhu uyimfihlakalo bangaphandle, kodwa zisebenza Kemet umuntu akazalwanga thwali lolu kholo, akunakwenzeka.

Gurage. Ukuze amaqembu ayinhloko yobuhlanga yaseTopiya nazo abantu zamaSemite Gurage, ngokwesiko wahlanganyela kwezolimo.

Tigray. Iqembu labantu esondelene kakhulu Amhara, kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka impucuko Axumite. Zihlala mpumalanga ezinkangala zaseEthiopia.

Kubonakala sengathi ngokuvamile, inani labantu base-Ethiopia. conglomeration Abangefani bezizwe, izinkolo kanye izinhlanga lwentando kulelizwe North Afrika. imisebenzi yezomnotho sabantu Ethiopia wehlukile. A ukwakheka labantu phakathi emazweni amaningi heterogeneous zinhlanga.