IMpi Yezwe II - kuba ... Bangaki izimpi zasekhaya emlandweni Russia

Lapho, phakathi nempi sonke isizwe liphuma ukuvikela ezweni, kungakhathaliseki ekilasini nengcebo, khona-ke kubizwa ngokuthi yasekhaya. Ngamanye amazwi, neMpi Yezwe - kuba lapho abantu belwa ngenxa yezwe lakubo, ngokuba uzibuse nokukhululwa kusukela abahlaseli akuzona ngekucindzetelwa, kodvwa ngesisekelo izinkolelo zabo kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha.

Bangaki izimpi eRussia ezibhekwa yasekhaya

I kazwelonke Russian yaqale ngokuthi impi nge Napoleon. izimiso Esemthethweni isimo yasekhaya ithole nezimpi ezimbili:

1. Impi Patriotic ka 1812.
2. Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Futhi 1812, futhi ngo-1945 abantu base-iRussia inqoba isitha, leli thimba lalimelela ukuzimela esimweni sazo. amabutho Russian ebukisa Paris e 1814. A ukunqoba okufanayo kwaba zonke eBerlin ngo-1945. Lokhu kunqoba abiza lizwe nabantu balo ukungezwani okukhulu.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile lezi impi wathatha omningi imali ezibonakalayo, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu waba ukulahlekelwa izinkulungwane (1812-1814) nezigidi (1941-1945) abantu. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, i-Russia usevikele wekuba sive yayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho zalokhu kunqoba kwaba wezwe omkhulu abanethonya futhi wakuthola.

ukuhlaselwa Napoleon amabutho Russian

impi yaseRussia France emva 1810 kwaba ngezindlela eziningi ngenakugwemeka izizathu geopolitical, kodwa ngesisekelo okuhlelekileko kwayo kwaba kokunikezwa kwe-isivumelwano sokuthula Tilsit. Yaqala Agasti 12, 1812, lapho amabutho sikaNapoleon ashaqe inqaba Russian of Kovno. Ukungqubuzana kuqala Lokhu kuza ngemuva kosuku. Isibalo ibutho ethuthuka kwaba abantu 240.000.

Amasosha Russian engakaze ezithathwe ngamanothi kuhlasela, njengoba zombili lezi zinhlelo ecasula futhi ukuzivikela ngoba impi amabutho sikaNapoleon babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli kusukela 1810. Le mpi lokuqala emuva Napoleon ethuthuka kwadingeka amaviyo 1 st kanye 2 nd Army. Army Okokuqala eholwa Barclay de Tolly, kanti eyesibili - Bagration. Inombolo ephelele bempi kwaba 153.000, okwakubekelwa behlome ngemibese 758 izibhamu.

Impi yabashokobezi edonse njengengxenye kazwelonke

Enye indlela yokumelana amabutho sikaNapoleon lempi kwaba ukunyakaza yabashokobezi. Ngu isinqumo yebutho Russian Kwamiswa amayunithi ephathekayo, okuyinto asebenza ngempumelelo langemuva isitha. Kodwa bebodwa, ngaphandle ekusekeleni umphakathi, ngeke bakwazi ukufeza imisebenzi yabo. Ukusekela abantu wafakazela ukuthi ukumelana Napoleon - wangempela neMpi Yezwe II. Lokhu neshaya izidlamlilo - wasekela abantu nengxenye ekulweni, futhi labo enikeziwe ibutho Russian futhi abashokobezi ngokudla kwabantu nefoliji lezilwane.

Abalimi ngazo zonke izindlela yoniwa oda nezicelo ezivela French. Enqaba ukuba awanikeze ukudla - bazishisa zonke izinqolobane zabo, ngakho abayi ngophezu kwezitha. Ngisho washisa imizi yabo, bese bangena ehlathini wajoyina amaqembu alezi zishoshovu. Heroes kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-1812, waba nengxenye ukunyakaza engabandlululi:

• Seslavin Alexander Nikitich;
• Denis vasilevich Davydov;
• Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov;
• Alexander Samoylovich Figner.

Kafushane mayelana War of 1812

Okokuqala impi French athumba isikhundla Russian. Lapho umyalo yebutho Russian eliholwa Mikhail Kutuzov, isu ukuthi avunyelwe ukuba anqobe isitha lakhiwe. I baleka eMoscow kwasindisa ibutho ephumelelayo futhi ukumisa ngaphambi Napoleon ujule Russia.

Famous Tarutino bethonya Kutuzov - zokusuka ze eMoscow emva kwempi Borodino futhi ayeke ekamu lamabutho at Tarutino - avunyelwe ukuvula igagasi empini. Tarutino kwaliwa ukusebenza yokuqala enkulu Russian ukuthi zokunqoba undoubted. Phakathi neminyaka yeMpi Yezwe II eyishumi emikhulu izimpi ezathonya busebenze:

• ngesikhathi Moleva marsh;
• ngaphansi obomvu;
• ka Smolensk;
• Valutina ezintabeni;
• Borodino;
• ngesikhathi Tarutino;
• Maloyaroslavets.

Impi yaphela nge amabutho sikaNapoleon ngoMeyi 1814 ngemuva yokubuyiswa Paris nokusayinwa isivumelwano sokuthula. ibutho Russian ebukisa Paris. Nokho, lokhu akukhona neMpi Yezwe II, ingenye izigaba yokukhululwa Europe. A War of 1812 ngonyaka, wakhipha Manifesto ka-Alexander I, kwaphothulwa ngemva impi ku 14-16 Novemba eduze komfula Berezina. War of 1812 - lokhu kubonisa isibindi bamabutho kanye namasu ahlakaniphile, futhi axhaphaze bonke abantu, wonke amabutho ekumelaneni nesitha.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

EJalimane, ngaphandle kwekubuka isivumelwano sokuthula ungene ngemvume Ngonyaka wama-39, ngo-June, baphule imingcele zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Juni 22, ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ka 1941-1945. izinhlelo kaHitler Kucatshangwa blitzkrieg - umbani ecasula futhi iphathe ekuthatheni iSoviet Union ngo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. amaqhinga anjalo Hitler isicelo kusukela lama-39, owamsiza ukuthi uthwebule nengxenye yeYurophu.

Nokho, izimpi ngokumelene amaSoviet, leli qhinga akazange akhokhe off. Nakuba eminyakeni yokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II (1941-1942) ibutho lamaJalimane wakwazi ukunqoba indawo eside, kodwa ayihambisani plan "Barbarossa". Loluhlelo ngokuthi ukuphela ezempi ekupheleni kuka-1941, futhi Russia, ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba ukuba phakade zinyamalale kusukela ibalazwe sezwe sezombangazwe.

Abantu baseSoviet wabonisa ukuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe - ngempela impi zabantu. Engenakulinganiswa ubuqhawe lempi sebehlushwa intuthuko e empumalanga amabutho aseJalimane. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, amayunithi yabashokobezi wasivalela amabutho enkulu Wehrmacht, kwenza kube nzima ukuthola banikezwe ukudla kanye nezinhlamvu. Lezi zici baye bavumela esiphezulu ukubambezela yonke okuhlaselayo, buthelela ezingaba wezempi, futhi isimo sempi.

Ukubonakaliswa abantu baseSoviet phakathi ubuqhawe empini

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe wembula izimfanelo best abantu baseSoviet. Ezilungele kutihluphekisa ngenxa yezwe lenkaba nesibindi sabo - lezi zimfanelo akuzona ngaphandle kodwa kuyinsakavukela. Heroes kweMpi Yezwe II - kukhona izigidi zabantu. abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane 11 baklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Esikhathini inkathi 1941-1945. It sikhishiwe cishe abayizigidi ezingu-38 ama-oda izindondo. Abaningi engxenyeni waklonyeliswa kwakhe.

izincwadi eziningi ukuchaza nezigigaba kweMpi Yezwe II, wathwebula eziningi amabhayisikobho, ebonisa izenzo ubuqhawe of amasosha aseSoviet futhi amaqembu alezi zishoshovu. Esinye sezibonelo bhá sesibindi yilezi:

• Feat Matrosov. Isidumbu sakhe lwalumboze ndlu isitha futhi ake iyunithi yakhe ukwenza umsebenzi ukulwa.
• Feat Gastello. Frantsevich Nicholas agxume esuka indiza esivuthayo, futhi wayithuma shí amabutho esitha kanye nemishini.
• Feat Catherine Zelenko. Phakathi nempi, lapho indiza basiyeka ngaphandle fuel, waya inqama sezibhekana fighter isitha.

Uma kubalwa izikhathi kusuke izingxabano

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-ubutha amabutho aseSoviet balwa impi ukuzivikela futhi baphoqwa ukuba ashona. Ekupheleni 1942 - ekuqaleni kuka-1943 wakwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo empini phezu. KwaseStalingrad futhi eKursk izimpi ayenza. Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ka 1941-1945. Ngikhumbula izenzakalo ezinjalo eSoviet Union:

• Juni 22, 1941 - ayehlasela ecushiwe amabutho aseJalimane.
• Kusukela ngo-June kuya ku-September 1941 Minsk, Vilnius, Riga, Talin, Kiev lathunjwa.
• Kusukela ngoJulayi 10 kuya ku-September 10, 1941 yathatha Battle of Smolensk.
• Septhemba 1941-27-January 1944 sika ukuvinjelwa ukuqhubeka kweLeningrad.
• Septhemba 1941-April 1942. - amabutho aseJalimane abangu ethuthuka emaphethelweni eMoscow.
• Kusukela maphakathi no-July 1942 kuya ku-February 1943 yathatha Empini kwaseStalingrad (kwaseStalingrad).
• Julayi 1942-October 1943. - Impi eCaucasus.
• Ngo-July-August 1943, u enkulu ithangi impi (Battle of eKursk).
• Kusukela ngo-August kuya ku-October 1943 sathatha Smolensk operation okuhlaselayo.
• Ekupheleni kuka-September 1943 - i-Ukunqamula Dnieper.
• Ngo-November 1943, wamkhulula Kiev.
• Mashi 1, 1944 ngokugcwele ukuthi siphakamise nokuvinjelwa Leningrad.
• Ngo-April 1944 wamkhulula eCrimea.
• Ngo-July 1944, Minsk is yakhululwa.
• Ngo-September no-November 1944 olukhishwe namazwe aseBaltic.

Ukubuyisela imingcele nokunqoba

Ekupheleni kuka-1944, iSoviet Union, insimu wabuyiselwa imingcele njengakuqala kuhlasela German. Khona-ke baqala imisebenzi yezempi ensimini ka amazwe aseYurophu, ethunjwa amabutho aseJalimane. Ngemva kokukhululwa kwabo, ke lasungula okuhlaselayo ensimini ka eJalimane kusukela ngo-1945. Ukunqoba yokugcina ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe eleza ngemva Meyi 8 umyalo German ngemvume insimbi umaluju.

IMpi Yezwe II, eyabonisa isibindi amandla abantu baseSoviet, ekunike izifundo eziningi zokuziphatha. Ukunqoba kule mpi avunyelwe eSoviet Union hhayi kuphela ukuthi ivikele ukuzimela, kodwa futhi ukuba abe umdlali ohamba phambili emhlabeni yesehlakalo geopolitical.