Imithetho Apostolic lokulukhuni. Apostolic Canon 25

Iyini Imithetho yabaphostoli? Lena lesikhumbuzo eyisisekelo umthetho Church jikelele. Abanye abacwaningi bathi, lo "Imithetho zabaPhostoli oNgcwele," ibhalwe umbhali akaziwa. Noma kunjalo, iSonto LamaRoma Katolika, ubu-Orthodox futhi amasonto amaningi obuProthestani ukuqaphela kule dokhumenti yabaphostoli igunya.

Ngokuvamile imithetho yabaphostoli, kanye "Ukufundisa Nambili," kubhekwa omunye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka of the Church. Basikisela ukuthi izimiso zokuphila isonto ukuthi sisebenzisa manje, emuva uhambe okufanayo angekhulu lokuqala yayo (yesonto wabe esehola polukatakombny yokuphila). By endleleni, abanye Umphakathi amaProthestani i-nandaba noma ukuzikhukhumeza cabangela isimiso samanje inhlangano ekuthembekeni ebekwa iziphathimandla noma yisikhathi.

Wadala

Lapho abaphostoli imithetho? Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lo ukuqomisana emibhalweni yabo ayaziwa, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi bavele ngaphambi kwekhulu lesibili noma lesithathu leminyaka: mhlawumbe ngokushesha ngemva koshushiso iminyaka emithathu Decius. Ngokungafani "Iziyalezo", idokhumenti isasetshenziswa Orthodox laseMpumalanga.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi imithetho yabaphostoli musa ngokusemthethweni okomzimba, "legend Engcwele", kodwa ngokuqinisekile abanalo igunya okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokushesha kulandela isinqumo nemiKhandlu WamaSonto.

Ukuvela futhi ukubaluleka eBandleni

Ngakho, umthetho labafundi uJesu Kristu basonta izinganekwane nebandla lokuqala. Kuphela ubuKristu, futhi wayevele ukuthembeka ezinkulukazi njengoba elalibhalwe legends yabaphostoli. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi mina (saseNicene) Umhlaba Cathedral libhekisela idokhumenti njengoba into owaziwa, ngoba kuyacaca ukuthi ezinye izimiso ngaphambi ukuvela kwalo alizange nhlobo.

Lapha, umthetho wokuqala kulandela ngokucacile labaphostoli. 21th, kanti eyesibili - 80 mthetho. Antiyokiya Cathedral iminyaka 341 kweminingi imithetho yayo zisekelwe umsebenzi yabaphostoli. Umthetho wesibili Sixth World Council kuqinisekisa ubuqiniso le mibhalo, zithi "imithetho zabaPhostoli 85 manje Kufanele wenqabe ngokuqinile futhi inviolable."

UbuKristu babekholelwa ukuthi ukubaluleka olukhethekile imisebenzi abafundi bakaKristu ayixhomekile kuphela imvelaphi yabo yasendulo futhi ohlonishwa kakhulu, kodwa futhi ukuthi ziqukethe cishe yonke luba kwezinkambiso lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Inani lawo landa ngesikhathi lapho baye kulekelelwa futhi lakhiwa baseKhaya neziNdaba Imikhandlu WamaSonto kanye Fathers of the Church.

Ingqikithi izibambiso

Yimiphi imithetho ukutshela Imihlangano Ibe Eyakhayo?

• On ukugcotshwa uMbhishobhi ezimbili noma ababhishobhi ezintathu (1), futhi Deacon umPristi noma - omunye Bishop (2).
• On ukwenqaba isikhundla: I-lezinto angaphandle e-altare (3) I-ukuxoshwa unkosikazi (5), walala ukunakekelwa (6), ngoba kwenqatshwa okungenasisekelo yemihlatshelo (8), ukuze kufezwe imigomo imithandazo izihlubuki (11, 45), isifungo sokukhuluma iqiniso, ubufebe nokweba (25), ukuhlukumeza ngokomzimba (27, 66), ukutholakala kwamandla ababusi basemhlabeni (30), ukuze kufezwe imigomo amasakramente futhi kungesemehlweni bhishobhi (35), ukugembula kanye notshwala (42), ne nokunqatshelwa Kristu (62) ngokubamba iqhaza mkhosi namaJuda (70).
• I esontweni of kubantukazana: ze ukuhoxiswa okuzumayo ngenxa service (9), ukuze kufezwe imigomo umthandazo izihlubuki (10).
• Ukukhonza kungavunyelwe: okushintsha (21) kanye bigamist (17), waba yimpumputhe nesithulu (78), lempi (83) ngihlukanisiwe isevisi (32).
• Isici uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli (85), okubandakanya iTestamente Elidala amabhuku 42 futhi 28 (noma 36, uma sicabanga labo Akumele ushicilele) izincwadi the New Testament ngaphandle Apocalypse.

isimo okukakhenoni

Apostolic imithetho ukutolika ziyatholakala ekutadisheni umuntu ngamunye. Okwesibili Rule Trullan Council kunqunywa imisebenzi abaphostoli nendawo ephambili phakathi udaba okukakhenoni: ikubona imibhalo abafundi bakaKristu. Futhi, bayaqaphela iSonto Lobu-Orthodox laseMpumalanga. Kodwa-Church of the Roma kuvumelana igunya ezakha kuphela lokuqala ayisihlanu imithetho.

efanayo Inombolo umthetho 2 elungisa 85th Apostolic Canon, echaza ibhuku izincwadi wemiBhalo eNgcwele kanye nemisebenzi lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Akhipha kuzo izinhlamvu Clement, ngaphandle edonsa ukugxekwa esiqinile ngenxa yokulondoloza ubuqiniso legend yabaphostoli.

umthetho 25

Ngakho, cabanga 25th Apostolic Canon. Lithi umbhishobhi, noma idikoni noma presbyter isifungo sokukhuluma iqiniso, noma ukonakala noma ukweba oblichonny ziyolahlekelwa erenki engcwele. Kodwa ukuxhumana esontweni angeke ukucisha. Ukuze ngokubhala kulotshiwe kabili united hhayi otmstishi (Nahume 1: 9). Kuyefana nasendleleni le Ponomarev wathi.

Ngiyavuma, 25 umthetho yabaphostoli Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu okuqukethwe. Ngokuvamile, noma yini ephazamisa entry umuntu othile ebupristini, yebo, kufanele futhi ukuphuca wakhe isithunzi. Iziphi izici okufanele abe umuntu ongokomoya, sonke siyazi. Ngokufanayo, bonke ayazi ukuthi anamaphutha ezingeke bahole babe ngabapristi. Yiziphi luba nemibi abefundisi? Endaweni yokuqala kukhona labo ukungcolisa igama elihle, kubaluleke kakhulu abapristi.

Futhi lokho nemibi lonakele idumela naphakathi kwabefundisi? Kuyinto labo are nokungababekezeleli, futhi abantu abavamile: bona babhekana okukhulu umthetho wabo ingajezisa. Lo mthetho yabaphostoli ukhuluma amacala amathathu, lapho abantu abanalesi sifo angase awele Indoda engokomoya - ukweba, ubufebe kuyicala kukodwa. Lezi kanye nezinye iphutha, okuyinto engenza umpristi okukhulunywa kwezinye mithetho eminingi ngokubukeka lokho utshelwa ukutolika abafanele. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma umuntu ongokomoya iwela lezi zono, ingafanele yobupristi.

Ngakho lo mthetho ukuthi abapristi abefundisi, nowalahlwa yicala ezaziphambene nomthetho ezenziwa okukhulunywa, kufanele ophucwa isikhundla lapho baye bathola ngokusebenzisa cheirothesia futhi ukugcotshwa. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nesimo esifanayo lithi akudingeki ukuba axoshwe nenhlanganyelo eBandleni. It yenza ufaneleke umzamo iziqondiso zalo ze amazwi imiBhalo eNgcwele (Naum.1: 9).

Ngo nokuchazwa imithetho yesihlanu yabaphostoli uchaza izinhlawulo ahlukahlukene onikezwe abapristi izono ezenziwe ngazo. Futhi kukhona ziphathwa kuqhuma kanye esontweni - lezi ezibhekwa isijeziso ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuze abefundisi wayekwenza kuqhuma kusuka ubupristi abantu abavamile - baxoshwe nenhlanganyelo eBandleni.

By the way, imithetho yabaphostoli ngoba abantu abavamile Kufanele ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi yetfulwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba yabefundisi: ezimfundisweni, izintshumayelo kanye ngokusebenzisa izincwadi.

Ukulumula umntwana, okuyinto utshela kwesiyalezelo yesihlanu, akudingeki ukuba abhekwe njengendoda isijeziso abefundisi. It kufanele aphathwe njengomuntu isijeziso abantu abavamile, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi izincomo umthetho babengeke bamukelwe incazelo. Lo mthetho kuyadingeka ukuze kusho ukuthi umpristi eyaziwa ngokuba gaffes unfrock bese uba engumshumayeli onelungelo ukubamba iqhaza wenhlanganyelo ecclesial. Futhi kamuva nje, ukuba benze okufana ieala njengoba engumshumayeli, yena waxoshwa eSontweni izingcingo isonto.

By endleleni, lapho kuqhuma umpristi lesi sijeziso esinzima kakhulu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umbono esiza abantulayo Christian sifuna ukwengeza kule isijeziso omunye? Okungukuthi, wayencisha isephulamthetho ilungelo iqhaza emihlanganweni ethembekileyo? Nokho, lo mthetho okuthambile kulabo abangamahlongandlebe kuphela, okukhulunywe ngaye kuphela kule dokhumenti. Ngempela, 29 no-30 umthetho okukhulunywa nezinye izono okuyiwona lesimbi uzale isijeziso double - esontweni futhi ukuqhuma. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ubusimoni, noma ukuthola isithunzi Episcopal ngosizo neziphathimandla.

Ngokuvamile imithetho yabaphostoli ukutolika kukhona ukufunda kakhulu. Ngakho, nge ncazelo, Grigoriya Nisskogo, okuyinto ezishiwo umthetho wesine, ngokudlala isifebekazi ngokuthi ungabacasuli abanye ukwaneliseka izifiso zokukhanuka nomuntu. Lokho kusho ukuthi inkohlakalo ungenza nomuntu awahlobene ngomshado, futhi akekho ngumthetho. Ngakho-ke, leli phutha akakubangeli icala kumuntu wesithathu, okungukuthi umyeni noma unkosikazi. Ngokwe ehilelekile yobufebe nokuphinga asifani omunye umuntu ukuthi kubangela umonakalo futhi eyiswa kuye.

Eqinisweni, ukuphinga ibizwa ngokuthi ubuhlobo obungemthetho anabo nomfazi wenye indoda noma nomyeni yomunye. Imithetho Vasiliya Velikogo (38, 40, 42) zobufebe kabanzi: leli gama libhekisela yonke imishado, nentando iziboshwa abaphezulu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imithetho yabaphostoli umshado ukhuluma izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Yiqiniso, ubufebe kubhekwa esingaphansi isono kuka ukuphinga. Phela, ngokuvumelana okufanayo Grigoriya Nisskogo nokubusa wathi, ukuphinga kuyinto ukwaneliseka lobugebengu izifiso zokukhanuka. Ukuphinga njengoba, phakathi kokunye, kantsi sicuketse loku omunye ihlanjalazwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kanzima ngaphezulu. Nokulahlwa ubufebe abapristi uzwakalise lapha zisekelwe imiBhalo (1 Thim 3 :. 2,3; Tit 1: 6).

Lobu bugebengu yesibili owawulahla kuhlukumeza Umthetho isifungo. Ngakho, uma kungenzeka umpristi eziphula isifungo ezithile ezashiwo on neludzaba ebalulekile the gama of Nkulunkulu, le eminye ububi ukuqinisekisa inkantolo. Futhi uma umahluleli enza thola cishile ukuthi ngempela ngobugebengu isithembiso, ukuthi isono kuyoba nzima futhi isigebengu ezingaphezu kuka isithembiso esingathí sina ezamenyezelwa lokhu, futhi waba yini umphumela uma ezibaluleke ngokwengeziwe sanikwa futhi okuphambene nalokho (wena. Olwenziwe. 82 pr.). Lokhu isono kanzima kakhulu ijeziswe, futhi phakathi kwabantu abavamile. Abaningi manje baqonde nokugasela ngamandla kwalesi umthetho maqondana kompristi ukuze icala elifanayo. Phela, nabo basuke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yayizosetshenziselwa isilingo sokuba ethembekileyo, esisele ekukhonzeni iqiniso, ngesikhathi esifanayo ocwilayo esonweni.

Lo mthetho ehloselwe ngokweba ekuthatheni imfihlo impahla omunye umuntu. Uma othile ayabele into, okuyinto impahla kweBandla, a ukwebiwa enjalo sibhekisela ohlotsheni oluthile ubugebengu sihlawuliswa ehlukile (Up 72 ;. Dvukr 10 ;. Gregory Nis 6.8.).

umthetho 51

Apostolic Canon 51 th isitshela ezilandelayo: uma idikoni noma umbhishobhi noma presbyter, noma umpristi, kuyasuka iwayini, inyama noma umshado ayidingekile for the post, kodwa ngenxa ukuhlambalaza, kuyokwenzekani kuye? Phela, lo muntu ukhohliwe ukuthi konke ngokudlulele ezinhle! Lokho uJehova edala umuntu wadala indoda nomfazi ahlukaniswe! Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye enyundela indalo kaNkulunkulu! Le dokhumenti iveza ukuthi umpristi kufanele noma ukulungiswa noma ziyolahlekelwa erenki engengcwele laxoshwa Church. Isijeziso efanayo olunikezwe ongelutho.

Ngempela, leli sonto ubelokhu wayengajabule bashabalala ngisho Kunconywa ezinsukwini Ebolekwe. Kodwa lo mthetho sibhekiswe yezihlubuki lasendulo akugwemayo izinhlobo ezithile zokudla, iwayini noma inyama, wababona njengenhlangano into engcolile, futhi akazange avume lapho umshado.

umthetho 42

Apostolic Canon 42 th uthi uma presbyter, idikoni noma umbhishobhi qotho umdlalo, noma ukuphuza, makabe wagudluzwa futhi kungenzeka kumele amiswe. Ukuhunyushwa kwale dokhumenti nsé incazelo kokubusa 43rd othi uma umfundi, umculi noma a sub-igosa siyovuka efana naleyo, kuyothiwa esontfweni. Kuyefana nasendleleni abantu abavamile.

Futhi 42, no-43 we-Rule uthi into efanayo, okungukuthi sokuvimbela imidlalo nokudakwa. Umthetho uthi uma umuntu umaluju isono sim, isifiso sokuphikelela, futhi ngemva kokwamukela iseluleko sabadala, kufanele bancishwa ubupristi babo, uma bayoba ngabapristi. Uma ukwengamela enjalo uvumele kubantukazana nakubefundisi, kumelwe babe abaphile esihlukene wenhlanganyelo ongcwele. Ngokuvamile, abapristi ngokuvamile pre-bancishwa ukuphila, elalihlala ethempelini. Esontfweni kubo kusukela iSidlo Ongcwele kuphela ngemva angabe esaba khona abafundi, subdeacons noma abahlabeleli.

Ngaphansi umdlalo okukhulunywa kule dokhumenti kumelwe ziqondwe zonke izinhlobo zokugembula (isib, amakhadi), lapho umuntu efuna ukuphuca uzakwethu njengoba imali eningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Abanye abadlali ku sembubhiso yabo ekubhujisweni noma imali yabo siqu noma ukonga imindeni yabo. Lolu hlobo lokweba, okuyiwona-25 th umthetho abafundi bakaKristu ukhuthaza ukuqhuma ongokomoya, nowalahlwa yicala ke. Lama-42 ngokuvamile nje kudinga kuqhuma ngamunye othambekele ukugembula.

umthetho 45

Apostolic Canon 45 Lithi uma presbyter, idikoni noma umbhishobhi uthandaza kuphela izihlubuki, makabe esontfweni. Uma sivumela ukuba zenze njengoba bamasondo, makabe wagudluzwa.

Umthetho wokuqala we-St Vasiliy Veliky uthi ezinsukwini ubudala abantu ngokuthi izihlubuki, kuba ottorgshihsya Lobu-Orthodox. Ngokusho definition yakhe, baqede kuyinto umehluko asobala kakhulu ize ukukholeka kukaNkulunkulu. umthetho Weshumi yabaphostoli liyakwenqabela ethandaza kanye esontweni ngoba isiphi isono esindayo. ISonto liye abantu njalo ahlukaniswe ukungalifaki izimfundiso ukugomela futhi bamelana naye.

Ngakho-ke, umfundisi noma umbhishobhi owenza emthandazweni kanye izihlubuki, exosha nabenzi owabeka: amaqembu anjalo banqatshelwe ongokwenkolo. Nokho, lesi sijeziso esinzima kakhulu - lapho kuqhuma, ukuthi bayekiswa ubufundisi, angase ajeziswe ngumuntu umfundisi noma umbhishobhi owavumela izihlubuki ukuze amasakramente yeSonto njengoba izinceku zayo.

Omunye waleyo midwebo lokwephulwa ezinjalo imithetho iyona kucatshangwa lamaKatolika noma umpristi wamaProthestani ukuba benze umshado besonto lakhe esikhundleni sakhe. Abanye abapristi avunyelwe ukuthatha wenhlanganyelo besonto kusukela umambuli heterodox: izenzo ezinjalo nazo ajeziswe. Lokhu ehilelekile is kwahambisana by imithetho 45 kulandelwa 46 kadokotela.

umthetho 64

Yini asitshela 64 umthetho yabaphostoli? Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we uxwayisa ngokuthi uma umuntu abefundisi ukubona ngokuzila ukudla ngosuku olulodwa ngoMgqibelo (ngoMgqibelo oNgcwele akubhekwa), makabe wagudluzwa. Uma ongelutho zibanjwa Kulezo zimo, kuyakushiswa enophephela.

Ngokuvamile, degree of isinqumo zokuzila ngamaSonto nangoMgqibelo kuchaziwe yedolobha isonto. Phakathi nale nkathi, uvunyelwe ukuphuza iwayini, lamafutha, ukudla ngemva izimfundiso, ngaphandle phambili okuthunyelwe kuze kube izingxenye ezintathu kwezine ngosuku.

umthetho 69

A 69 umthetho yabaphostoli uthi uma presbyter, noma umbhishobhi, noma umfundi, noma umculi, noma ye-igosa, akaligcini ngokuzila ukudla ngo Ebolekwe ngaphambi kwe-Easter, noma ngoLwesithathu, noma izithende: makabe wagudluzwa. Kodwa uma engumshumayeli kuvumela gaffe ezinjalo, makabe esontfweni. Ukulahla post yakhe, kulesi simo kungaba umuntu ukukhubazeka kwami ngokomzimba.

Ngokuvamile, umthetho ukhuthaza ethembekileyo ukudla ngesikhathi Ebolekwe, ngoLwezithathu nangoLwezihlanu. Ukunikezwa Imvume Yokuthola Umuthi zokuzila kusekelwe emiBhalweni Engcwele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iNkosi uqobo baqala ukwenza okuthunyelwe ngaphezulu isonto iTestamente Elidala.

Futhi ekugcineni, kumelwe sinezele ukuthi, ngokwendlela Chrysostom futhi Vasiliya Velikogo, uNkulunkulu wadala okuthunyelwe ngisho ipharadesi. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho wabenqabela abantu ukuba adle isithelo esenqatshelwe.