Iminyaka Engu lupin njengoba umquba oluhlaza. Lupin (umquba oluhlaza): ukutshalwa

Lapho ekhula iyiphi isitshalo kudingeka sisebenzise umquba. Ziyakwazi umsuka organic futhi amakhemikhali. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ihlukaniswe organic Umanyolo plant kanye okuvela ezilwaneni. Organic etholwe isibhakela ukhula plant izingxenye endaweni walungisa ngokukhethekile umquba imigodi. Kodwa kukhona enye indlela, okuyinto undeservedly ukusetshenziswa kancane kwezolimo. Lokhu okuthiwa umquba oluhlaza.

Umlando ukusetshenziswa umquba oluhlaza

Kodwa umquba oluhlaza isetjentiswe ezingaphezu kweyodwa yeminyaka. Kuze esinalo wafika le ndlela kusukela China nge iMedithera. Kuncane esikwaziyo kwalokho okhokho bethu avundiswa amasimu abo. Ekhulwini lama-20, umqedazwe wahlasela lwaya emhlabeni umquba amaminerali. Futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala. isikhwama zanqwabelana elimbudumbudu noma powder, ababegcwele yonke endle, bese ulinda isivuno. Kodwa kancane kancane abantu baqala ukubona ukuthi lezi umquba kanye zinambuzane nemikhiqizo yokubulala ukhula zilulaza izinga kwenhlabathi futhi ukubulala konke okuphilayo kuwo. Kodwa nezilwanyana ezincane ezihlukahlukene, ama-worms, izibungu hhayi kuphela, bahlala khona. Babe ngcono isimo somhlabathi, izinga layo kanye umsoco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhemikhali abangela umphumela izitshalo ukujwayela kuso. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi baqala ukusebenzisa kwezitshalo umquba oluhlaza.

umphumela umquba oluhlaza

Ngokubhekisisa eside, ososayensi Ukhethe izitshalo ukuthi ulethe phansi njengoba okuhle ngangokunokwenzeka. Bezilokhu zibizwa ngokuthi oluhlaza-manures. Izitshalo kutshalwe ngemva kokuvuna, bese wangcwatshwa emhlabathini. , Amaqabunga ala izitshalo aqukethe eziningi nitrogen. Izimpande buthelela green umquba nitrogen ngisho nangemva ovula inhlabathi. Nezilwanyana ezincane ukuguqula izingxenye izitshalo zibe humus. Minerals abazenzi emuva izingqimba ephakeme futhi litholakale kutshalwe izitshalo kamuva. Umhlabathi iba okuxekethile ehlelekile. Kuthuthukisa aeration kanye nokwelashwa umhlabathi aqueous.

Ngenxa yalokho esinakho isimo elandelayo: ukukhiqizwa umquba oluhlaza kungaqali, kodwa kuthuthukisa isivuno hoxa, okuzokwenziwa etholakala esizeni eminyakeni emihlanu eyisithupha eyalandela.

umquba oluhlaza ingasetshenziswa kanye ukwethulwa humus umquba kanye exutshwe namaminerali. Phela, basuke bezinika emhlabathini izakhi okuningi okuwusizo amaminerali, bangaki kubo ngaphambili ezweni athathwe. Kodwa amakhemikhali ngokusebenzisa umquba oluhlaza kudingeka ingasaphathwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu ifomu efanelekayo abatholako yizimila.

Isikhathi sikhule umquba oluhlaza ngesikhathi sokulima ngempela eliphezulu. Ngezinye izikhathi inani mass okuholela kakhulu mkhulu kunezinhliziyo oyifunayo ukusetshenziswa njengendlela umquba oluhlaza. I ngokweqile ingxenye isitaki e umgodi umquba kucutshungulwe. Akubalulekile ayosingcwaba emhlabathini, ngoba izilokazane ezincane awunaso isikhathi ukuyicubungula futhi iqala ukuze ujike omuncu lapho. Futhi inani eleqile nitrogen kungalimaza izitshalo aqine.

Izinhlobo umquba oluhlaza:

• Azotonakopiteli - okusabhontshisi, okuyinto buthelela nitrogen emoyeni bese bekuthuthela phansi.
• Azotosberegateli - utshani, avundise ne organic udaba yokubola. Abayeki nitrogen leached.

Izitshalo like umquba oluhlaza

Izitshalo kukhona azotonakopitelyam. Sinenkosi eziningi eziwusizo:

• akhula ngokushesha futhi ikhula ngesisindo ngisho nenhlabathi abampofu. Athuthukisiwe uhlelo impande ikuvumela ukuba kukhishwe nezakhi umhlaba ezijulile, ukuqoqa, ikunike izingqimba engenhla ngemva kokucubungula. Lezi amasiko buthelela kusuka 30 kuya 35 kg nitrogen ngayinye square metres 100.
• Bona ukubola ngokushesha.
• Wanda zokuzamazama ezahlukene zezulu.
• Kulezi, eyodwa kalula uthole imbewu asezingeni elifanele.
• izinhlobo ukukhula asetshenziselwa seeding in the interstices phakathi namasiko ehlukene.

Iyini indlela nitrogen ekuqongeleleni? amagciwane qhuzwana ikoloni isitshalo izimpande. Zihlala Symbiosis nge leguminous ezisebenzisa amaphesenti angu-90 e-nitrogen zanqwabelana. Labo abasele abanga-10% okuqukethwe amagciwane. Singasho ukuthi ukuthelela izitshalo. Kodwa ezuzisa zombili izinhlangothi. Ngisho ezintathu, kusukela yonke nitrogen engena enhlabathini bese esetshenziswa isiko eyinhloko.

Ukuze ngempumelelo buthelela nitrogen, ama-bacterium badinga ukufinyelela emoyeni. Ngakho-ke kungcono alwa ngayo umsebenzi walo on nenhlabathi okuxekethile.

amagciwane qhuzwana

Ezinye zazo bangaphila Symbiosis nge izitshalo ezihlukahlukene: uphizi, udali, ubhontshisi, vetch. Ubhontshisi "ubambisana" nge zinhlobo ehlukile kwamagciwane.

Ukusetshenziswa umquba oluhlaza

Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele iqiniso lokuthi izingxenye zalesi sihlahla kuthiwa retarding ukukhula. Ngakho akudingeki kuthinte isiko eziyisisekelo, zilindile zaze ukubola ngaphansi kwethonya nezilwanyana ezincane.

umquba oluhlaza kutshalwe ekwindla enkundleni kuvuna, futhi ekuqaleni frost linamathele emhlabathini. Ukujula incike izinga inhlabathi. Uma kuwukuthi ukukhanya, kuba 12 kuya ku-15 cm, ukujula esindayo kumele kungancipha-6 kuya 8 cm uma umquba oluhlaza ukuze umbe ujule, ngeke ukubola ..

Plant umquba oluhlaza

Zikhona izitshalo eziningi nge izakhiwo efanayo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ethandwa kakhulu:

• Lupin.
• Vicat (ebusika kanye entwasahlobo).
• Chin.

Sine ukubukeka eningiliziwe kweyesi owokuqala.

lupin

Lena indawo enhle kakhulu aklaba isitshalo. isivuno sawo - amathani 40 ndaba oluhlaza ehektheleni futhi 2 amathani ubhontshisi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, kungase 80 m. Ungqimba oluhlaza iqukethe amaprotheni 40% zemifino. Ukusetshenziswa ngesilinganiso amandla elanga e lupin 4,79, kuyilapho ngesikhathi wiki - 1.98.

izimbali Lupin mihle kakhulu nesingakhangi. Basuke ezitshalwe futhi flowerbeds. Bona eziqhakaza Ngasekuqaleni kuka-May futhi eziqhakaza zonke ehlobo.

Lupin - one of the best umquba oluhlaza. Ukuze nenhlabathi sandy - eziyisisekelo. Kuze kube yimanje, usebenzisa zonke izingxenye zalesi sihlahla. It kuthuthukisa phansi, hhayi kuphela e udaba eziphilayo kanye nitrogen, kodwa phosphorus. Lupin njengoba umquba oluhlaza - eyandulela best for strawberry. Uma sika futhi sisinde kule emgodini umquba, sithola Umanyolo, edlulele inani umquba izakhamzimba.

izinhlobo lupin

Kubo endle, kukhona kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili. Kodwa ezolimo isebenzisa izinhlobo ezintathu ngonyaka futhi omunye eside.

Blue angustifolia. He is kakhulu frost ukumelana. The main izinhlobo alkaloid Benyakonsky 484 Pink 399, 109. Bezalkaloidnye angustifolia: Bryansky 35 Nemchinovsky 846 Timir 1 Reserve 886.

Lupin Blue - umquba oluhlaza, amila emazweni sandy asidi obuhlukahlukene kuyashesha kakhulu futhi has a ezijulile uhlelo impande (kufika ku 2 amamitha). Izilwane ningakudli ngenxa ukunambitheka yako ebuhlungu kanye nenani elikhulu alkaloids.

Lupin White - umquba oluhlaza, ezinhle zithutha nesomiso. Uyazithanda ukushisa. Kungcono ukuba nihlwanyele basesigodini esivundile nenhlabathi calcareous iyiphi asidi (mhlabathi omnyama, nenhlabathi grey). Ukuyedlula. Ingasetshenziselwa emfuyo okuphakelayo. Izinhlobonhlobo main: Horizon, Kiev asabekayo.

Ukuze srednesuglinistyh nomhlabathi sandy Sandy loam yasetshenziselwa nonacidic lupin ophuzi. izimbali zayo abe iphunga oqinile emnandi. Yellow lupin - umquba oluhlaza, ukutshalwa okuphakelayo izinkomo elenza kukwazeke ukuthola ezithela eliphezulu futhi tilinganiso ukugudluka abasha. Uthanda ezimila enhlabathini olumanzi. Yellow, like blue, ikhula ingaphumeleli obukhulu, neizvestkovannyh nenhlabathi.

Yesikhathi eside (multivalent) lupin yakhiwa amaqabunga neziqu lyupinin alkaloid. It oluhlala esiningi nitrogen. Uyabathanda umswakama kanye ukukhanya, hhayi yiqhwa ebusika. Iminyaka lupin njengoba umquba oluhlaza unika mayelana 60 kg mass oluhlaza elingamahektare ngayinye. Yisebenzise ngesimo:

• Ugunda.
• Imali.
• Overseeding ngaphansi ikhava.

It liyasetshenziswa zilima ngaphansi isiko enkulu.

Lupin yonyaka umquba oluhlaza isetshenziswa njengoba entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Lokho kwenza ukuthi inhlabathi yalezi-20 g nitrogen ngamunye imitha square. Ngaphandle kwenza lupin phosphorus kanye potassium.

Lupin njengoba umquba oluhlaza akuyona kutshalwe endaweni efanayo futhi. Ungayisebenzisi emva imidumba. Phela, nabo basuke babe izifo ezifanayo kanye izinambuzane ezithwala wanda ngezinga lupin umquba oluhlaza.

Ukutshala kanye Ukunakekela

Umhlabathi wakhona efanelekayo okhulayo green umquba izitshalo enye into ngaphandle Peat futhi loams esindayo. zikhula Kubi ezindaweni izimbuku.

Lupin njengoba umquba oluhlaza entwasahlobo noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna imifino kutshalwe izindawo ayibi ukhula. Ukutshala Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana isikimu phakathi imigqa - 15-30 cm ilandelana - 5-15 cm Ukutshala ukujula - 2-4 cm Uma sijulise imbewu cotyledons emikhulu kuyoba nzima ukufinyelela kwamanzi ... Lupin adala ezinye umquba oluhlaza (oats).

Ukunakekela ukubhubhisa ukhula Ukukhipha inhlabathi.

Wangcwatshwa emhlabathini njengoba umquba oluhlaza lupin esingamasonto ayisishiyagalombili emva kokutshala. Ngalesi sikhathi, le izitshalo zibe flower efihlekile. Bengakabi ngazuza umbala alandisa. Eminye imithombo bakholelwa ukuthi kuzuzisa kakhulu ukuba alime lupin oluhlaza pod esiteji wakhiwa ubhontshisi.

Uma uphuthelwe, neziqu baba aminyene futhi ishabalale kancane. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo mowed futhi imvundela.

Kuhlwanyelwa ngoJulayi lupin ukuvala ekwindla. Ezindaweni nge sezulu efudumele - entwasahlobo.

Lupin kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokwabo. Uma ungenalo ukulawula inqubo, uyakwazi ukuba azixoshe isiko enkulu. Kuyoba kuphela sikhule umquba lupin-oluhlaza.

Ukutshalwa yaleli kwezitshalo kwenza izindawo evundile eyinyumba. Ibhalansi acid-ane-alikhali kwenhlabathi uyalinganisela futhi iba nokuthile nqgo. Ehleliwe inhlabathi ezincane eziphilayo lapho imisebenzi.