Imikhiqizo ye-Mezen: incazelo, izinhlobo, izimpawu. Imikhiqizo yabahlakaniphi baseMesensk

Uphi lo msebenzi ovela kuyo? Umzana wasePalashchel, osekulobeni oluhle kakhulu eMfuleni waseMezen, wachaza igama lendawo yonke Ubuciko bokuhlobisa baseRussia. Kweminye imibhalo, ungabona elinye igama lalo mdwebo - iPalashchelskaya. Imidwebo yobuciko ekhuni - ukudweba kweMezensky kumanga ngezimhlobiso zangempela kanye nemidwebo eqondile.

Ukudoba kwadume kakhulu ekhulwini le-19. Amabhokisi kanye namasondo ajikelezayo avela eMfuleni iMezen asakaza ePinega nase-Onega. Imidwebo yaseMezenskaya iyindlela yokuhlobisa nokusetshenziswa. Isiqalo sithatha ezinsukwini zamaSilavic.

Umdwebo waseMezenskaya. Ingxoxo yemithombo eyisisekelo

Okwenziwe umdwebo onjalo akuziwa. Ezinye izazi-mlando zithi ukudweba kukaMesensk kuvela ku-Komi, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amaGreki asendulo ayenomthombo wawo wokuqala ngemidwebo yawo. Njengamanje kunzima ukusungula, kusukela amakhulu eminyaka adlule kusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo. Ukwamukela kabanzi ubuciko kuye kwamukelwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1904. I-Academician Rybakov itholakale ezakhiweni zemidwebo zesiko lamaScythian. Imidwebo yamatshe yaseZaonezhye yabona kuyo iZhegalova SK.

Ukutholwa kwezingane ku-craft folk

Ukujwayeleka kwezingane zangaphambi kwesikole ngekhono leMezen kuyinto isingeniso kumasiko nendlela yokuphila yabantu abasenyakatho. Uma usebenzisa amaphethini nemidwebo yomdwebo, ukunambitheka kwengqondo kwezingane kukhula, isilulumagama senziwa ngamagama omhlobiso: i-rhombus, i-curl, i-zigzag, i-spiral, i-curl, njll. Izingane zifunda ukudweba izibalo ze-geometric elula, izilwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphethini omhlobiso, ikakhulukazi izilwane, aziqaphele futhi azibonakali. Abasesikoleni samabanga aphansi bathanda ukukopisha imidwebo ehlongozwayo yothisha yensikazi noma ihhashi. Isithombe ngasinye sihlukile komunye ngokubonakala kwezakhi ezengeziwe. Ziyamkhangisa futhi ziqondakala ukuthi izingane ziphinda zijabule. Lokhu kuphinda kuqiniseke ukuthi lo mdwebo wazalwa njengezithombe zamadwala.

I-Mezenskaya i-wheel spinning

Ama-wheel esheshayo yimikhiqizo yabenzi bezingcweti baseMesen, abanikezwe umdwebo wokuqala ezikhathini zasendulo. Ukungafani kwabo kwakungeyona nje ekuhlanjululeni komdwebo, kodwa futhi ngesimo. Zenziwe ngepulangwe elilodwa, kanti phansi kwakusebenza njengempande.

Ubuso be-distaff ngayinye beyifakwe okufanayo: ingxenye engaphezulu yayimele isibhakabhaka, phakathi-umhlaba, nangaphansi-phansi. Esibhakabhakeni kufanele kube nezinyoni kanye nefasitela lokuxhumana namandla aphezulu. Izakhi ezidingekayo kwakuyizinambuzane, amahhashi, nesihlahla enenyoni. Emgqeni wokugcina, amahhashi nezinyamazane nazo ziboniswa, kodwa zazingumnyama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-distaff kungaba umbhalo obhalwe phansi, isibonelo, ozinikezelwe kumuntu othandekayo, uma isondo elijikelezayo laliyisipho somyeni kumkakhe. I-wheel spinning nayo yayiyisici esibalulekile samantombazane asenyakatho. Lapho imibuthano ebhishi yayizobutha, wonke umuntu wayibeka isondo lakhe ukuze ubuso bakhe bubonakale, okwakubhalwe ngabanye. Lapho le ntombazane ishada futhi yathuthela ukuyohlala nomyeni wayo, isondo eligijima lamsilandela futhi labizwa ngokuthi yilo. Isondo elishayela endlini laliyisimo esikhethekile futhi saphathwa ngenhlonipho nangenhlonipho.

Imishini yokudweba

Ngalezo zinsuku, kuphela abantu besilisa ababengabamba iqhaza kulo mdwebo ohlonishwayo njengomdwebo waseMezen. Isiko kwakuzolidla njengefa. Kwakukhona njalo imibala emibili emidwebo yaseMesenskaya: obomvu nabomnyama. Imidwebo yokuqala ye-Mesensk yayiqoshwe ngodaka obomvu nesikhumba esimnyama, esasichithwa ngo-resin larch. Wabhala imidwebo enezinduku, izinkuni zezinyoni noma ibhulashi elenziwe izinwele zabantu. Iphethini yayisetshenziselwa izinkuni ezingaphenduliwe, bese umkhiqizo wawugcwele amafutha e-linseed, futhi kusukela kulo muthi waba igolide.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, indlela yokusebenzisa imidwebo ye-mesene ayizange ishintshe ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokudweba. Njengamanje, inzuzo inikezwa ibhulashi.

Umhlobiso wawungahambisani nalokho, kodwa wawufanekisela. Ukuhunyushwa kwezinhlamvu ezithile sekulahlekile kakade, kodwa inqubo isalokhu ifana. Zonke izakhi zomhlobiso ziyi-static futhi kuphela ngoba ziphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningi, isibalo sibonisa ukuguquguquka nokuhamba.

Imidwebo yaseMezkaya, izimpawu, izakhi zomhlobiso

Izimpawu ezimpandeni zabo ziya emlandweni futhi zikhombisa isiko kanye namagugu abalulekile abantu baseNyakatho. Amaphethini abonakala ngamaphethini amaningi ahlangene, okubonisa umsuka wama-shamanic. Amazinga amathathu afanekisela umhlaba wonke: izulu, umhlaba nomgodini. Emazingeni aphansi naphakathi kukhona izilwane: amahhashi, inyamazane. Izinga eliphezulu, ezulwini, ligcwele izinyoni. Izilwane zikhonjiswe ngamathoni abomvu namnyama, okungahunyushwa futhi njengenhlanganisela yezwe eliphilayo nelifile. Ihhashi labantu bezizwe ezisenyakatho lisesimweni esikhethekile futhi okushiwo yi-amulet kubalulekile. Lifanekisela isimiso sokuphila futhi liwumthombo wenhlalakahle. Izinga ngalinye lihlukaniswe umdwebo, oqukethe amaphethini okuphinda.

Umhlaba emifanekisweni ukhonjiswe ngomugqa oqondile. Uma itholakala ngezansi, khona-ke lesi simangaliso sasemhlabeni, uma singenhla, sisezulwini. Izwe emidwebo yaseMesensk ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuzala , ukuvikelwa, isilwane somama. Umfanekiso ocacile womhlaba kulezi zibalo ngesikwele.

Amanzi kulesi sibalo angaboniswa imigqa ye-oblique. Inezincazelo eziningana. Amanzi asezulwini, anisela umhlaba njengemvula. Lokhu umswakama ophilisa ungaba nesichotho. Kungabelwa umzila we-wavy, kube eduze komugqa oqondile noma eduze kwe- waterfowl.

Umoya. Imigqa emifushane emifushane ehambisana nomhlobiso uveza umoya noma umoya omusha. Lesi sici sixhunyaniswe ne-mysticism futhi sinomsuka ovela kuNkulunkulu. Yilokho okukhona, kodwa ayibonakali futhi ayibonakali. Ngaphezu kokubaluleka kukaNkulunkulu, lesi simboli singabonisa futhi izithombe ezidemoni futhi zimelela amandla okubhubhisa. Njengayo yonke imimoya, ingaba lula futhi imnandi, futhi ingathwala ukufutheka nokubhujiswa, kodwa ngaphandle kwayo, ukuphila komhlaba akunakwenzeka. Lesi yisiqalo sokudala. Imidwebo yaseMezenskaya ibonisa umoya njengento ehlukumezayo ngendlela yokudwengula emigqeni ewela. Lokhu kukwakhiwa kufana nesimo sezulu.

Inani lephawu "ukuvunguza"

Ngokombono we-Academician B. Rabakov, ukuvulwa komdwebo waseMezen kubhekisela emlandweni. Lona ilanga elijikelezayo. Imidwebo yaseMezenskaya igcwele imiklamo eminingi ekhona kulo lonke isithombe. Ziyonke indawo: zizungeze izilwane futhi zikhona ezihlotsheni. I-spiral ayikwazi ukubeka ilanga nje kuphela, kodwa futhi iziqhwaga, ama-whirlpools futhi iyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuhlobisa. Imimoya ihlukile. Uma i-spiral icindezelekile, Lisho ikhoyili yamandla. Okungenani kumbuthano kufanekisela isimo semvelo sezinkathi zonyaka. Inhlanganisela yamandla wesifazane nabesilisa kusho i-double helix. I-spiral, ekhuphuka phezulu, ihambelana namandla wamadoda, ehlehla phansi - wesifazane. Ubuningi bokuvunguza kungasho ukuzala.

Izinto, ezifanekisela ukuchuma emidwebeni yasendlini yabenzi bezingcweti baseMesensk

Ukufanekisa kanye nezakhi zomdwebo weMesensk, owafanekisela ukuchuma, baboniswa yonke indawo, befuna ukuzikhandla. Babethelwe izitsha, okufanekisela ukuthi bangalokothi beswele indlala, emikhongweni yomshado, okwakusho ukuvuna nokuba nomndeni ophelele. Ngokuvamile, yonke imidwebo ye-mesene inikezwe ngobuningi. Lokhu kuboniswa emifanekisweni yezimbali, izithelo, imbewu. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakungasetshenziswa ama-two, lapho izimpawu zahlelwa khona ngokulandelana kwamaseli we-chessboard. I-rhombus njengophawu lobuningi lalivame ukutholakala ngendlela yeketheni eliqhubekayo, elibonisa umuthi wokuphila.

Okushiwo uphawu "izinyoni"

Inyoni yisisindo esithandwayo esisho izipho kanye ne-harbinger yezindaba ezinhle, ikakhulukazi uma ihlala phezulu esihlahleni. Inyoni mhlawumbe uphawu oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziselwa imidwebo yabadwebi bomdabu. Abantu baseNyakatho banesiko lokubeka izinyoni emthini ekhoneni lendlu, okumele kube yibovu (kuthatha umuthi ongacabangi). Ama-swans, goose, amadada abonisa okhokho abafile, abavikela futhi bazisize izihlobo eziphilayo ngesikhathi esibucayi.

Izilwane eziseSymbolism

Phakathi kwezimpawu ezivame kakhulu emidwebo kaMesen kukhona izithombe zezilwane ezinjengezinyamazane namahhashi. Futhi emahhashi okudweba aseMesensk anemibala engavamile, hhayi isici salezi zilwane. Amakhosi abo ayedwetshwe ngemibala ebomvu neyolintshi. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyimigoqo evulekile. Esikhundleni sezinyopho ngokuvamile wayezenza sengathi kunezinpaphe eziziqhenya. Imilenze yamahhashi yayingumzimba omncane futhi omude.

Emidwebeni amahhashi avame ukubekwa ngokumelene nomunye nomunye nabagibeli bezimpi. Ezilwaneni, izimpawu zelanga zazivame ukuboniswa.

Ubuciko bokuhlobisa ngamapende

Imidwebo yaseMezkaya - ubuciko nobuciko. Ngaphandle kwamasondo aphefumulayo, imidwebo yaseMezenskaya yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izitsha zasendlini (amabhokisi, amasondo ajikelezayo, amabhokisi, izitsha, amabhokisi, amabhakede, izinkomishi, izinkezo, ama-sieves). Imikhiqizo yaseMezensky yayidwetshwe entwasahlobo. Ukwenza ukuthi bathengiswe kwakuwusizo olukhulu kuzo zonke izindlu. Othonta ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-19 kanye neyekuqala kwekhulu lama-20 babedwetshiwe ngokungafani namasondo aphefumulayo ngama-rosettes amakhulu, ahlanganisa ama-ovals nemibuthano. Amaqembu atholiwe ahlotshiswe ngama-hoops.

Imikhiqizo ye-Mezensky futhi kulezi zinsuku ihlonishwa kakhulu ngabalingisi bobuciko bomuntu. Ubuciko bokudweba inkosi yaseSelishche Ivan Fatyanov izuze uyise. Wabhala ngobuciko iminsalo futhi wabathengisa ngempumelelo. Ubukhosi obudala kunabo bonke baseRashiya bomdwebo kwakuyi-Aksenovs. Eyaziwa ngokuthi yisandla sabo i-Fedotov, Novikov, Shishkin, Kuzmin. Umculi ovelele kunazo zonke, umculi wakhe ongeke amshiye noma ubani, ngoba ubeke yonke inhliziyo yakhe emsebenzini wakhe, kwakunguFedotov Vasily Klimentevich, ogama lakhe lalinguVasya Klimovich.

Ososayensi banamuhla abacwaninga imikhiqizo yaseMezen bawubheke umdwebo kubo njengesilimo. Lokhu kuboniswa yizinhlanga eziningi, ezifanekisela umhlaba olimayo. Ezilwaneni ezinjenge "duck" nehhashi, izimpawu zokushona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga ziyabonakala. Phakathi kwezizwe ezisenyakatho, lezi zilwane zazihlale zihlotshaniswa nelanga: i-solstice, i-horse-fire.

Imikhiqizo ye-Mezen iqukethe izithombe ezithombeni "yenkukhu", ehlobisa uphahla lwezindlu kanye namahhashi. "Izinkukhu kanye nehhashi ophahleni ziyizindebe endlini," isaga esaziwayo sesiSlavic.

I-Palaschulskaya imidwebo ezinsukwini zethu

Manje eNyakatho emadolobheni afana ne-Arkhangelsk neSeverodvinsk, izinto eziningi ezikhumbuzo zenziwa ngesitayela somdwebo we-Mesensk.

Umdwebo wamanje waseMezen uhlukile ngokuhlukile kweyasendulo. Sekube yinto eqondile kakhulu. Kuyinto elula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukushintsha umdwebo lishintshile - izimpaphe zishintshe amabhulashi abo. Ukudweba kweMezenskaya namuhla kuthatha incazelo ehlukile. Manje sekusetshenziselwa izimpawu nezithombe kuphela ezingakhulumi kahle ngokuphila kwezizwe ezisenyakatho.