Imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi: incazelo kanye izici

izimpahla eliphansi, okuyinto enesici ezincane ngesimo imihuzuko noma umbala lokungafani, walahlekelwa amaphakheji noma non-functional ingxenye imishini, kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ugcine izimali futhi iminyaka eminingi lapho uya khona. Nekonditsiyu ngokuvamile kudidaniswe umshado, edlala ezandleni abakhiqizi singathembeki noma abathengisi abathengi edukisayo.

Kuyini nekonditsiya

Nekonditsiya - kuba umkhiqizo okungahambisani ukuhlangabezana namazinga, ukucaciswa ezinye nemingcele. umkhiqizo ezinombono ohlukile kuwumphumela non-ukuhambisana ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ngeziphambeko kusukela kuyinsakavukela:

• Izimpahla kunemibandela ezisebenzisekayo.
• Lo mkhiqizo kufanelekile emva ukulungiswa.
• Lo mkhiqizo asifanele ukusetshenziswa, futhi kudinga ukulahlwa.

Umshado noma nekonditsiya

Lo mkhiqizo, kunemibandela efanelekayo ukusebenza, kuhlanganise emva ukukhanda eliphansi. Uma kungekho izinguquko noma ulungise okumelwe kulungiswe ngeke bakwazi ukubuyela izinto zakhe umsebenzi, khona-ke icala umshado. izimpahla eliphansi zihlukile kusukela bayilahla imikhiqizo zinokukhubazeka elincane angasetshenziswa inhloso yazo ngemva olufanele umakhi noma kwamakhasimende ngcono.

izimbangela

izimpahla eliphansi singenzeka hhayi kuphela emjikelezweni ukukhiqiza, kodwa futhi nangenxa yezinye izizathu. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ukulimala umkhiqizo okubangelwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
• Ukulahleka izingxenye noma iphakeji, ukulimala iphakethe.
• umonakalo sangaphandle ukuze izimpahla (imihuzuko, chips, ukulahlekelwa umbala, nokunye. D.).
• breakages Minor.

Ngaphezu sokunquma ukukhiqizwa, engekho ezingeni umkhiqizo ezimali incazelo: unmarketable - kungcono izimpahla zokwakha ukuthi kunzima ukuba kusebenze, noma isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona, isitokwe unsold, noma imikhiqizo azisetshenziswa izinqubo ukukhiqizwa inhlangano (Akubalulekile kunoma iziphi izingxenye zaleli).

izindleko nekonditsiyu

Tindleko tekukhicita eliphezulu futhi izimpahla engekho ezingeni nomkhiqizi efanayo. Ukufika kombuso izimpahla engekho ezingeni zinokukhubazeka kufihlwe ukhuluma ngani ukwephulwa ingcaca inqubo, umphumela kungaba spoilt ngokuphelele inhlangano. Kulokhu, umenzi inquma ukuthi kunenzuzo (s idumela kanye iphuzu kwezezimali umbono) kuthathwe. Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile kuhilela ukulahlekelwa double, ngemali ukuncipha ukudayiswa ungabuyela izindleko zokukhiqiza, kodwa kulokhu kubalulekile ukwazisa umthengi ezingaba konke ukushiyeka illiquid.

Kaningi, abathengisi bathenge izimpahla ngobuningi, lapho kukhona illiquid, futhi awukwazi abeke isimangalo umphakeli noma umkhiqizi. Ngokuvamile, ukubaluleka komshado illiquid ehlakazekile intengo izinga izimpahla. Umthengisi okudayisa umkhiqizo eliphansi ingafinyelela izindleko ziyancipha, kuyilapho implementer zilimale ekugcineni. Futhi umkhuba ababethengisa ngalo zonke izindleko ukubuyiselwa yimali (ukudayiswa ngaphandle kwe-akhawunti nenzuzo nokulahlekelwa). Indlela zokugcina ukuqeda nekonditsiyu kukhona ukulungiswa nokuthengiswa okwalandela, ukuqaliswa ngenani aphansi, buyela umakhi, kabusha.

Zikhubazeke futhi zibe ngezigaba zabo

Kusho ukuthini izimpahla eliphansi? Lezi imikhiqizo nge komnikelo okuyinto yena, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• A isici ecacile. Hlobo luni umonakalo lapho kutholwa kuhambisana nezindlela ukulawula izinga.
• isici esicashile. Lolu hlobo umonakalo akuyona ukutholwa zezindlela zokuhlola ejwayelekile.
• Isici ezibucayi. Nge lolu hlobo ukusetshenziswa illiquidity mkhiqizo cishe encishisiwe kuqanda akunakwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha.

Ukuphazamiseka kwekhono futhi kuhluke degree:

• Okukhulu. It has nomthelela obonakalayo ukusetshenziswa ngokufanele umkhiqizo / umkhiqizo inhloso yazo, ukunciphisa ukuphila inkonzo nokutholakala.
• Abangelutho. It inomthelela cishe imperceptible ekusetshenzisweni esisebenzayo komkhiqizo / umkhiqizo inhloso yazo futhi isikhathi emsebenzini wayo.

izimpahla eliphansi zinokukhubazeka kungenziwa lilungiswe, nalo umehluko yayo:

• ukukhubazeka esikhiphekayo. imikhiqizo yokulungisa kuyafaneleka, esicabanga ukuthi ingenzeka futhi engabizi kakhulu.
• ukukhubazeka okungapholi. Empeleni, lolu hlobo lwesici umshado.

Lapho ewela nekonditsiya

Izinto nge yisiphi isici zingatholakala ngasiphi iphuzu ukuthengiswa, futhi ngokuqondene isimo somnotho esinzima, kwakukhona ezitolo izimpahla eliphansi. Ngokuvamile nekonditsiya luhlala e effluents ahlukahlukene, futhi kulokhu ukuthengwa wempahla onjalo kusho ithikithi lottery, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokuwina. Nokho, uma kuthenga kuzongena uyikhonze ngokwethembeka isikhathi eside, kodwa ekuqinisekisa umphumela yimpumelelo khona.

izitolo Stock akha ububanzi unsold yezinkathi ezithile imali ezilinganisweni lemikhiqizo ezinkulu, amanethiwekhi noma imikhiqizo engalungile. Lokhu uthola konke yisiphi isici. Ngokwesibonelo, izingubo kule showroom ngokuvamile zama, futhi leyo ndawo ilahlekelwa ezinye sikhalo salo - zifike off izinkinobho, welule imikhono noma izilongotshane. Lezi izimpawu kwezimpahla eliphansi. Uma kunjalo, isibonelo, ukwakha izinto, kulesi simo kungathatha indawo raznosortitsa, imishini lingaphelele noma ukukhubazeka ngokwamazinga ehlukene.

Uma inkampani silondoloza isithombe, izimpahla eliphansi kuzobe kudayiswa ngentengo encishisiwe, futhi ikhadi izofakwa ohlwini zonke izici. Futhi uma ukhandwa, izophinda umemezele lokhu. Nekonditsiyu kubhekwe amile isitokwe okuthengiswayo, futhi zingatholakala hhayi kuphela izitolo ubunjiniyela, kodwa futhi izitolo zokuthenga. Kancane esishwabene ice cream akaphelelwa ukunambitheka kwako nezimfanelo ukudla, kodwa imikhiqizo esiphelelwe yisikhathi okusongela impilo nokudayiswa yayo okungagunyaziwe.

amalungelo umthengi

kwesokudla wezomthetho umthengi iyona ukubuya kwezimpahla esitolo, uma kukhona ukukhubazeka emva zokuthenga, futhi akazange umdayisi cha khuza them. I-algorithm kuchazwa emthethweni we Russian Federation (uMthetho the Protection of inombolo umthengi 2300-1 kusuka 07.02.1992):

• izimpahla abuya kumele phansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umthengi ubhala isicelo ifomu khulula, okhombisa idatha yayo, umkhiqizo ukukhubazeka futhi ufuna ukubuya lemali ikhokhwe. Ngokomthetho, imali umthengi kumele ibuyiselwe ngaphakathi ezingu-15 ngemuva ukudayiswa. Kulokhu, umthengisi zingase zinikeze enye - esikhundleni noma ukulungisa into efanayo. Isitatimende okulotshwe amakhophi amabili - original kunikezwa umdayisi, ukugcina ikhophi isitembu umthengi.
• Umdayisi ubophekile ukuba zamukele isitatimende ukubuya ngokwayo impahla engaphephile, futhi ukuhlola ukuthi ihambisana nesicelo.
• Esimeni ingxabano, umdayisi alivumelani ukwehla okuhlonziwe, kubalulekile ukuba afeze luhlolo, okungase kube khona abangu-umthengi. Kuhlola yenziwe ngu nomthengisi. Uma umthengi alivumelani iziphetho luhlolo, uzakuba nelungelo ukumangalela. Uma inkantolo ithola ukuthi izici Kuye kwaphakama kungephutha umdayisi, umthengi kufanele buyisela izindleko luhlolo, zokwahlulela ukuhweba (isitoreji, ezokuthutha kanye nokunye.) Izindleko.
• Ngokomthetho, umdayisi kufanele abuyele imali zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10 ngemuva kokuthola isicelo. Inani kumele ikhokhwe ngokugcwele, izimali ukugodla ukufelwa ukusebenza, izimfanelo yobuhle izimpahla akwenziwa.
• Umthengi ubophekile ukuba ubuyisele izimpahla lapho isicelo sithunyelwa nomthengisi.
• Uma umdayisi enqaba ukuze ibuyisele le mali, kanye illiquidity komkhiqizo kubonakaliswa, kubalulekile ukuya enkantolo. Kulokhu, ofake isicelo unelungelo ukuba zitshele isinxephezelo olwengeziwe (ekulahlekelweni, ukuthola isigwebo, emihle, ingxenye izindleko enkantolo nokunye. D.).

Nekonditsiya isitokwe ukubuya

izimpahla eliphansi esitolo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: "A" futhi "B". Iqembu "A" kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo ezidinga ukuhlolwa, ukulungisa, esibuyiswe amakhasimende. Ngemva kwaso izimpahla yaleli qembu ithunyelwa sesevisi eminye umsebenzi - ukulungisa kanye nokuhlolwa. Ngokushesha ochwepheshe isiphetho mayelana nesimo sezinto, futhi uma bengakwazi lilungiswe, kuphothulwe, ngesisekelo okuyinto umthengi ibuyisela izimali (uma izimpahla wabuyela) noma indawo.

umbono Isazi idluliselwa ku esitolo, lapho izingxoxo kuyokwenzeka nomthengi. Isitolo akunakunisiza ukugcina imikhiqizo yabo engaphelele, ngakho kukhona ukususwa izimpahla eliphansi, ngokudlulisela it umdayisi kanye nezicelo. Uma umenzi webhayisikobho lezimpahla akuyona mayelana nokubuyisa inkontileka, kuzakuba khona ukulahlwa ngokugcwele noma kancane.

raznosortitsa eliphansi esitolo

Iqembu eliphansi "B" kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo kokuba uhlobo eliphansi umkhiqizo, sishoda, edinga ukususwa izilungiselelo iklayenti. Lihlanganisa imikhiqizo kokuba ekukhombeni nokushintshashintsha enjalo lokungafani izitikha ku iphakeji ku umkhiqizo ngokwayo, izesekeli okuyiphutha nge okungalungile izinto kwenqwaba (isibonelo, iselula isethi mobile kuhlanganisa ama-headphone kweminye imihlobo).

Ingxenye izimpahla yeqembu "B" ithunyelwa presales ishede, okususa isethaphu iklayenti, kukhona ukwehla, ushintsho isimo ukukhiqizwa nokunye. D. Isazi ihlola isidingo futhi kungenzeka ukulungisa (testing). Ngemva isinqumo izimpahla noma razukomplektovyvaetsya noma ithunyelwe esikhungweni sesevisi. Lesi sigaba eyenziwa ukuhlanzwa izilungiselelo iklayenti nokudluliselwa izinto Izitolo yokuthengisa, uchwepheshe kwenza isinqumo sokuthi markdowns.

Lo mkhiqizo lungekho ngaphansi ukulungisa / esikhundleni, zezikhali ngoba izingxenye ezisele ukuze kulungiswe esikhathini esizayo. Imikhiqizo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela, idluliswe noma ngokufanele abakhiqizi lezimpahla.

Izibuyekezo

Njalo ibhizinisi has umkhiqizo eliphansi. Izibuyekezo abathengi ngokuvamile athathe isimo impikiswano mayelana izinzuzo nezingozi ukuthenga izimpahla kanye zamehlo. Ayikho umthengi, ngubani okungenani kanye akazange ukuthola illiquid. Ezimweni eziningi, lo mkhiqizo edonsela eziphansi futhi ngezinye izikhathi okuqhubeka iminyaka. Labo bani phikisana ngokuthenga ezinjalo, baxoxa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo siqu, okuyinto waphumelela.

Abaningi aveze ukuthi ethengwayo yafuna ukulungiswa ezincane ekhaya bebodwa, futhi kamuva kwakungekho inkinga naye. Ngokwengxenye enkulu kumayelana imikhiqizo ongaphakeme-tech, lapho izimpahla eliphansi - zasendlini, ifenisha, izindwangu, imikhiqizo metal, njll ...

Iningi Izibuyekezo ezingezinhle wathi mayelana ezibizayo noma zobuchwepheshe ukuthenga - izimoto, omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, njll abathengi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ingozi ngoba zigqila okunjalo akukhona: .. Ukulungisa ungathola ezingaphezu kuka ukuthengwa uqobo, futhi iqinisekisa umsebenzi izinga ngemva kungekho kokungenela.

Sekuyisikhathi eside iningi abathengi inkinga enkulu lapho uthenga kwaba ukungathembeki nomthengisi noma umkhiqizi. Abaningi abazimisele ukuthenga eliphansi izimpahla, incazelo ka-okuhambelana isimo langempela wezasekhaya, nokuthi has a izindleko ziyancipha. Ngeshwa, amaketanga eziningi okudayisa kuthiwa kuthengiswa kabusha illiquid njengoba umkhiqizo izinga futhi akusho azise umthengi ngomlando izinkinga, ukulungiswa noma ukukhubazeka.