Ikhukhamba izithombo ukuze abamba ukushisa. Lapho ukutshala izithombo yamakhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa

Ngeshwa, ezikhaleni wezwe lakithi akuzona izindawo eziningi ezingaba ukuziqhayisa kokuba izimo kokufika nonseedlings indlela izitshalo ezifana, ezifana ukhukhamba. Likhula izithombo for abamba ukushisa kuyadingeka uma ufuna ukuvuna ekuqaleni, ngoba izifunda kakhulu Russian ise esipholile sezulu esishintshashintshayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukutshala amasiko thermophilic ngokuqondile ekhanyayo akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa zokugcina izithombo seeding kokuqala ikhukhamba izithombo ukuba zokugcina izigubhu ezikhethekile - isimo ezidingekile ukuthola isivuno esihle. Ake sixoxe isikhathi sokutshala ikhukhamba izithombo kuya abamba ukushisa, ukugxila ukulungiswa inhlabathi abamba ukushisa, kanti ubuqili ukugqoka ukunakekelwa izithombo namasiko omdala.

Ilungiselela zokugcina

Zitshala ukhukhamba e greenhouse kulandele kwangaphambilini ukulungiselela umhlabathi. Abalimi abanolwazi belulekwa ukuba uqale ekwindla. Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse zonke izinsalela kulesi simila inhlabathi odlule futhi isendlalelo engenhla obukhulu 3-5 cm, okuyinto buthelela Amagciwane. ukucutshungulwa Ukweqa wenziwa isixazululo abamba ukushisa inhlabathi kanye nethusi sulfate, bese, ukumba, ukwethula 25 kg fresh (nepereprevshego) umquba, 40 g phosphorous kanye umanyolo ngamunye 1 imitha square. Uma ukuqeqeshwa iqhutshwa entwasahlobo, esikhundleni umquba fresh, humus zilethe esilinganayo. Ungakhohlwa ukwengeza kanye entwasahlobo nitrogen kokukhulelwa.

Emikhulu kule abamba ukushisa ukwenza ukuphakama 20-25 cm, futhi babe nazo wensimu njengoba elula. Ngokuvamile, lapho ububanzi abamba ukushisa m 2 kubhekwe indawo elilungile lamagquma longitudinal kwenye ithrekhi therebetween, kanye ububanzi 4 amamitha noma ngaphezulu kuvule ahlukahlukene, hhayi nokukhawulela fantasy wensimu. Kodwa wanelisekile ikakhulukazi 2 izindlela kanye lamagquma futhi kamuva etshalwe imigqa 4 zezitshalo: eyodwa ngesikhathi imibhede uhlangothi, ezimbili - in the ephakathi okuyingxenye. It is sizikhandle enikeziwe indlela khulula. Lapho ukutshala izithombo yamakhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa kufika isikhathi, lesi sitshalo izokwenziwa ngokwamukelekile abuye aqale ukuthuthukisa, ngaphandle kwaphazamiseka nomunye.

imithetho yisithombo ukutshala

Ikhukhamba izithombo kule abamba ukushisa basakazwa kuhambisana nesikhathi esithileko hlangana izitshalo okungenani 35 cm. Ukhukhamba musa nje musa like wafingqa nge lihlala, bangakwazi sigule ayeke kumiswa amaqanda noma ukunikeza abalimi isivuno azinakwa ugly zelentsov ngavela ngayithanda. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula umthetho wokuqala wokutshala ukhukhamba - ukulondoloza ibanga edingekayo.

Ikhukhamba zokugcina izithombo

Izithombo imbewu izigubhu futhi uwagcine noma ekhaya noma kakade walungisa greenhouse nge Ukushisa ezengeziwe. Abalimi Novice zivame bakhathazekile umbuzo lapho ukuhlwanyela ikhukhamba izithombo ukuze abamba ukushisa. Lutho ukuphendula akunakwenzeka ngenxa kuze kube sezingeni ezindaweni nokususa nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo. Uma endaweni kuze kube sekupheleni May, kukhona kungenzeka frost, izithombo abatshalwé greenhouse kuze kube sekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, ngeke. Ngakho, ukuze ukuhlwanyela imbewu izithombo kufanele kube ngasekupheleni April noma ekuqaleni kuka May. Ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele, it is hhayi Kunconywa ukutshala izithombo yamakhukhamba in zokugcina unheated Ngasekuqaleni kuka-May 12-15. Inhlabathi abamba ukushisa ngesikhathi kokwehla kumelwe kulungele 15-18˚S. Lokhu - kumelwe ukuthobela isimo. Futhi ukunquma isikhathi sokutshala ukhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa izithombo, kungaba isazi sezitshalo, yokuvumelana sezwe abahlala kuwo. Ngenxa ukhukhamba - izitshalo ukushisa-onothando, ukubuya entwasahlobo yesithwathwa kungaba yinhlekelele kubo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutshala izithombo in isikhathi lapho kubanda nokhahlo ngeke babuyele, noma ngakwesokunene izindlela ukuvikela kanye eziphuthumayo Ukushisa isiko. ngempumelelo kakhulu ezimweni ezinjalo, yesimanje isigubungelo izinto, zonke izinhlobo heater, izitofu, noma ngisho Imigodi egcwele amanzi ibhodlela le plastic ukuthi iba hot emini ebusuku zikhipha izitshalo ukushisa, phakathi lapho zitholakala. Kodwa njengoba siye asikafiki zemibuzo mayelana butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela betshala sikhuluma amalungiselelo adingekayo ukuze ibe yimbewu.

Ukukhetha imbewu

Ikhukhamba zokugcina izithombo zingatshalwa imbewu izinhlobo self-impova kuphela. Lapho imbewu ukuthenga kufanele sinake ke. Kutshalwe izitshalo abamba ukushisa for ekhanyayo, kungaletha novice wensimu ukumangala ezingemnandi - avune ubala noma cha. By endleleni, amanothi mayelana nezici izinhlobo zihlale khona isembozo of imbewu. Ukuhlwanyela ikhukhamba izithombo ukuba zokugcina ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuqala ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene - kusukela ngasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kuka May.

Lungiselela inoculum

amahlumela eqinile futhi enobungane ukunikeza omuhle kakhulu izinga ukhukhamba. Likhula izithombo for greenhouse iqala ukwenqaba imbewu. Basuke ezibekwe emanzini kancane anosawoti imizuzu 20-30 - kufanele abe ezimanzi ezinhle. imbewu engenalutho ngeke ukuntanta phezu kwamanzi, ziyasuswa. A imbewu lushone abasakwazi efanelekayo zokutshala. Manje kungenziwa kwagxila ngokubheja ihora nesigamu isixazululo potassium permanganate noma biostimulant ( "Appin", "Zircon"), bese ukubeka ngezinsuku 2-3 endaweni olumanzi for ukuhluma kwezinhlobo pre-egeza ngaphansi kwamanzi agelezayo. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa esitsheni ngesivalo salokhu inqubo. Imbewu ezibekwe phakathi zamatshe ngendwangu eswakeme noma iphepha ithawula naseduze isitsha. Kulokhu akukho okunye okudingeka ezimanzisa ezibonakalayo, uba umswakama kanye ukhiphela isikhala avaliwe, sibuyisela ukuba lendwangu. Ukuze wenze izinqubo lokukhula mibandela imbewu ngokwanele izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ukuvuvukala kancane sesihlukana imbewu isilungele betshala kusho isikhathi ukuhlwanyela ikhukhamba izithombo ukuze abamba ukushisa, kuba. Sula izitsha kokuhlwanyela imbewu, iqale ukusebenza.

Izithombo abatshalwé greenhouse

Ukufakelwa for ukhukhamba - ukuhlolwa omkhulu, ngokuvamile kakhulu kabi ibekezelelwe. Ngakho-ke, akukuhle ukutshala izithombo emabhokisini, futhi uma esitsheni ehlukile. Ikhukhamba zokugcina izithombo sikhule kahle substrate, okuyinto angathengwa esitolo noma umpheki of ingxenye elinganayo Peat, sawdust, humus kanye wapheka umhlaba. Bury imbewu 1.5-2 cm, bazithela ngamanzi afudumele ixazululwe. ocwebezelayo Warm - esinye isimiso ezikhulayo ukhukhamba. Kuyo yonke inkathi, zizinisele ngamanzi afudumele kuphela. Lokhu kakhulu kwandisa izithelo kwetinhlavu.

Landing itheku ifilimu bese usetha endaweni ukukhanya efudumele. Amazinga elikhulu for ukuhluma kuyinto 25-28? C. Uma amagciwane ukuhlanganisa indaba zisuswe, futhi izinga lokushisa Igumbi kuyehla kube 20? C. Lokhu kuzogwema edonsa izithombo. Uma kukhona emini enganele (uma liguqubele kakhulu) kufanele ahlinzeke izibani ezengeziwe. Inketho olungcono kakhulu kule ndaba - izibani Fluorescent ibekwe ezingeni ukuphakama 8-10 cm ngenhla amahlumela. Ukunakekela izithombo kuba ukuthambisa esifike ngesikhathi,-izikhathi eyodwa ezimbili zenhlabathi podsypanii izimbiza nge amahlumela kanye yokudla. A Umanyolo ezinhle iqembu kusaladi ekhethekile "Agricola izithombo." Nice ngcono inhlabathi in the ebhodweni isixazululo ngenkasa Peat-humic fertilizer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo kufanele bavikeleke okusalungiswa.

Zitshala ukhukhamba e greenhouse phezu yokhalo Kwenziwa lapho ehlathini 3-4 leaf yeqiniso sekukhona, uhlelo oluqinile impande futhi baqhuba ngesonto-ukuqina, okuyiwona lokushisa yehliselwa ukuba 16-18˚S, futhi ebusuku - kuze 13-15˚S. Uma kungenzeka, izithombo on emphemeni, a pritenit ambalwa kusuka Ukukhanya kwelanga.

Lapho ukutshala ukhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa izithombo

Amahlumela, kusukela ngomzuzu ka ukuhluma ababedlula izinsuku 23-28 ngokuvamile isilungele zitshala kule abamba ukushisa. Manje kuwufanele ecabanga isikhathi sokutshala izithombo yamakhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa.

Times ziyahlukahluka kuye izici indawo izingxenye sezulu, abizwa kanjalo izinsuku ezithile ngeke senze njalo. Umbandela main ukutshala izithombo ku abamba ukushisa kuyinto lokushisa esitebeleni kwenhlabathi. Ukutshala ikhukhamba izithombo kule abamba ukushisa Kwenziwa lapho izinga lokushisa inhlabathi ku abamba ukushisa akuyona ngaphansana 15-18? C.

ukutshala ubuchwepheshe

Ikhukhamba izithombo itshalwe ku abamba ukushisa ukuze imithombo ayilungiselele kusengaphambili + elichithwayo isixazululo efudumele manganese noma fitosporin. ukususa Ngakho kungenzeka yisithombo ukutheleleka. Imithombo yayiyiminyaka elikhulu umquba kancane noma umquba kahle ibolile futhi ixubene emhlabathini. Izithombo abatshalwé ne ngokuqapha konke okusemandleni njengoba ukhukhamba asikubekezeleli transplanting, isakhiwo isitshalo ulula, izimpande kanye ngobugebengu ngokuthinta zokunganaki. Izithombo ngaphambi zokutshala elicwiliswe ibhakede lamanzi kanye imbiza. Clod zomhlaba uthola ezimanzi, kahle ke ingena kusukela isitsha ngaphandle kokuchitha ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi yisithombo ukubekezelela nezimo ezicindezelayo ngokuphepha. Podsemyadolnoe kwesokunxele amadolo ebusweni inhlabathi, njengoba ingaphansi impande bola futhi kwenza nabo emhlabathini. Ngemva ukutshala nezihlahla amaningi futhi amboza umhlabathi futhi. On isidingo salokhu inqubo, kusho okuningi, ukuphinda kuphela, eyenza i semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla kakhulu for abasha isitshalo microclimate, sivimbela ukukhula ukhula, kugcina umswakama futhi siyishiya kwemizamo ziba ngcono inhlabathi ngaphansi izitshalo. Kwaphinda - akukho lihlala ukuqina. Ibanga phakathi otshanini akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-35 cm futhi phakathi imigqa -. 85-90 cm ehlathini ngamunye udinga ukwesekwa yayo, ngakho izitshalo kusukela empandeni kuya zokugcina phezulu ukudonsa intambo, esebenza ukusekela izitshalo enyuka. Ezingeni ukuphakama 1.7-2.0 amamitha ukudonsa ezinye izindophi kanye nakuyo yonke hothouse, ezimazombe ndawonye, noma inetha ekhethekile.

ikhukhamba ezihlabayo akhiwa ku ephethe isiswebhu. Ngemva betshala kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, yisithombo iboshelwe trellis, kanye nokwanda spin emhlabeni stem ukwesekwa ngokusebenzisa interstice ngamunye. Lapho ukuphakama stem outgrow eziveza ubude 20-30 cm, nciza phuma phezulu ikhanda lakhe. Side amahlumela (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi otpletkami) futhi phusha out in iphethini ethize: i-Amahlumela aphansi nezimbali ukuze 3-4 amaqabunga lususwe, njengoba phansi esibelethweni ngokuvamile akuzuzisi futhi kuphela wadonsa ngamandla ku. Esikhathini esilandelayo 4-6 sinuses aphansi ohlangothini amahlumela phusha out ukuze ngamunye wabo waqhubeka athela, engxenyeni phakathi stem - 2 izithelo, futhi phezulu - 3 ikhukhamba.

yokudla ezidingekayo

Ukukhula ikhukhamba ephelezelwa ngokudweba nezakhi emhlabathini. Lezi isitshalo enamandla kakhulu inciphisa nemvundo enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka bondliwe njalo. Over-speed isicelo foliar. Olufuthwe nge isixazululo izakhi eshiya usisebenzise ngokushesha. Kuze kube manje, lesi sitshalo luyakha eziningi oluhlaza, ziyisibopho yokudla gqwa urea noma ammonium nitrate. umphumela Excellent on ukuthuthukisa ukhukhamba Umanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi ziyoncibilika amanzi ukunisela, ikakhulukazi "Kemira Suite" (5 g / 1 L). Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isicelo foliar ukuze afeze sezulu sunny akunakwenzeka - kukhona ingozi burning amahlamvu njengoba ilanga iyasha isixazululo ngokushesha, futhi isithako esebenzayo kusala amahlamvu. Kodwa ningakwenqabi ukwethulwa zikamanyolo, okuyinto ngokuvamile kuyasiza esikhathini ukukhula, futhi ngesikhathi kumiswa amaqanda.

ukwandisa fruiting

Khulisa ikhukhamba ezithela kakhulu kunomthelela yesondlo efanele babo kule abamba ukushisa. Imibandela elandelayo kumele kwenziwe:

• Akufanele neze neze ungavumeli okusalungiswa. Ukhukhamba yilezi uzesabe. Uma izinga lokushisa kule abamba ukushisa ngaphezu 30? C, ke kufanele kube evulekile linye. Ephambi kwezinduna amafasitela ukuzwakalisa kungabuye kuvulwe yanjalo eyodwa noma kolunye uhlangothi abamba ukushisa.

• Gwema izinguquko okungazelelwe kakhulu lokushisa. Zakhuza zivimbela ukukhula nezitshalo kungase kubangele ngisho lesi sifo.

• Ukutshala izithombo yamakhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa wenziwa ngokugcina ibanga. Ukuqinisekisa ukudla okwanele izithombo etshalwe kungekho izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-4 ngamunye 1 imitha square. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba bacindezele nomunye, ukuthuthukisa evamile, esinciphisa kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa izifo ngokuvamile kubangelwa ngokweqile gelled.

• Ukuze ugweme okuvela ngokweqile umswakama. Kwemisebenzi yoMnyango ngenkasa ngesilinganiso 10-20 amalitha ^{m2 ngalinye.} Phakathi zom kuyehla ngomunye yesithathu, futhi kumiswa nolibo ezikhiqiza amaqanda kanye nenani amanzi kuyehla kube ezingeni yayo yasekuqaleni.

• Ngo phakathi fruiting njalo nsuku zonke noma ezimbili, udinga ukudubula Zelentsy njengoba izithelo unharvested kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka amaqanda ezintsha kanye nokunciphisa izinga yamakhukhamba esizayo.

• Kubalulekile ukwakha isiswebhu kahle. Ekuqaleni kutfutfuka axils letincane 4-leaf amahlumela kanye ezikhiqiza amaqanda ziyasuswa ngokuphelele. Ngenhla 4-leaf esibelethweni kwesokunxele, prischipyvaya ohlangothini amahlumela.

• Ukhukhamba - gourmets like yokudla esifike ngesikhathi.

Siye ohlwini izigaba eyinhloko ukutshala isiko - kusukela esikhathini lapho ukutshala ikhukhamba izithombo ukuze abamba ukushisa, ngaphambi kwenkathi yokukhula asebenzayo futhi kumiswa izitshalo.