Igciwane Isimungumungwane. Izimpawu, izimpawu kanye nemiphumela ye isifo

Muva nje, odokotela baye baqala ukucabanga ngokushesha ukuthi uzokwazi ukunqoba isimungumungwane - igciwane ukuthi sinakho ezifweni ngokuphelele, emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka okubangelwa nalolu bhubhane Uyi yimbangela enkulu ezinganeni ezincane. I-World Health Organization ukwaze ukuze kuncishiswe ukufa kwabantu kusukela lesi sifo izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili kanye babehlele ngo-2020 ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele ingozi yokutheleleka ezifundeni eziningana zithithibele.

Kodwa akusona sonke isintu ngifuna izindlela ezilula. imfashini Rampant omama abasha ukulahla lokugoma, ukukhuthazwa ingozi ngamehlo engqondo lokhu inqubo kanye sengqondo umane kokunganaki abazali abasha ukuba bavikele izingane zabo, ukungabi nemali yokunakekela imigomo mahhala kusukela ohulumeni bamazwe amaningi - konke lokhu kusongela impilo nokuphila izingane kanye nabantu abadala emhlabeni wonke.

Kuyini isimungumungwane

Lesi sifo yaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kakade ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye ihlanganiswa enemininingwane incazelo zokwelapha lesi sifo. Kodwa kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lama-20 esibangela isimungumungwane - igciwane noma ama-bacterium, akekho owayazi. D. Goldberger futhi A. Anderson ngo-1911 bakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi isifo esibangelwa igciwane, futhi kakade ngo-1954, T. D. Enders futhi Peebles isehlane RNA igciwane, okuyinto indlela eyisipesheli sphere usayizi 120230 nm futhi kungokwalabo umndeni ka paramyxoviruses.

Uyithola kanjani

I isimungumungwane igciwane has cishe ngamaphesenti angu-100 esithathelwanayo. Umuntu akanawo amasosha omzimba isifo (okuyinto engakaze ngaphambilini zigonywe futhi alunayo) has cishe akukho ithuba Akutholakalanga kwenzeka ukuxhumana isiguli.

Ukutheleleka kumuntu ogulayo ngokusebenzisa imvelo kwadluliselwa kuyo yonke emhlabeni. Abagulayo kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni (kwezinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi ukuqubuka) futhi inike ezayo ngezinsuku ezine phakathi no ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, sneezing (sisemoyeni) isimungumungwane igciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa acinene amaseli lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula futhi lingena emgudwini wegazi futhi sithinta-lymph, igazi liphuma kuma-capillary (amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi). Ukuqubuka livela ngenxa ye lilokhu libuna lamaseli capillary. Ngokulandelayo, ukuthuthukisa syndrome ka immunodeficiency yesibili, futhi yezinkinga into engavamile virus.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ejenti ye-isimungumungwane igciwane abakwazi ukusinda isikhathi eside endaweni evulekile, izinto kanye izingubo. Nakuba kunamacala atloliweko ukutheleleka bhalisiwe ngokusebenzisa uhlelo ukupholisa. It uyafa lokushisa kuma ngokwesilinganiso ngemva amahora amabili nemizuzu engu amathathu, ulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ikhono ngegciwane. Kweso igciwane ubulawa lapho zihlatshwa emisebe ye-UV kanye okushisa aphakeme ukuba. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi ubhubhane akudingekile zokukhipha igciwane emagcekeni.

Ngubani ongathola nalapho

Izisulu eyinhloko isimungumungwane kukhona izingane ezincane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-iminyaka emibili futhi ezinhlanu. Futhi ngokuya ukugcwalisa amacala kuthomba abaneminyaka engu 15-17.

Abadala itheleleke nge isimungumungwane kukhona lingandile kangako. Kodwa cishe, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho usukhulile ngokuvamile kakade babe amasosha omzimba kusuka ngomgomo noma yizifo esidlule.

Re usukhathele isimungumungwane engenakwenzeka. Ezimweni Kubikwe kungabhekwa njengokwenzeka sokutholakala ukuthi une-yokuphambuka ngesikhathi isifo kuqala noma ukwephulwa amasosha omzimba womuntu.

ERussia, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke amacala ebonwe entwasahlobo nobusika, ngasekupheleni kuka-November kuya ku-May, ngilokhu zonke amabili kuya eminyakeni emine.

Can egulayo

Izinsana ezinyangeni zokuqala ezintathu zokuphila iba amasosha omzimba ehlala njalo lathathwa umama, uma yena owayesegule ngaphambili. Amasosha omzimba ezinganeni zomama babengaguli futhi engakaze zigonywe, kukhona, futhi bayagula. Libuye ukungcoliswa kungenzeka umntwana ngesikhathi sokubeletha ngesikhathi egula kanina.

bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi

Njengezinye izifo eziningi, inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni emzimbeni futhi armature. Igciwane akusho ukuzibonakalisa nibonakala zingakapheli izinsuku 7-17. Ngalesi sikhathi, uthome bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi 3 suku, kuphela ukuhlaziywa enemininingwane ingatholakala ubende, amalaka, izindlala zamanzi, nemiculo amaseli ezinkulu multinucleated. Kubonakaliswa izimpawu ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile kuphela emva kabusha igciwane e-lymph kanye kokuthola ke lingene egazini.

igciwane Isimungumungwane: Izimpawu

• lokushisa abukhali nivukele 38-40,5 degree;
• isifuba esomile lapho;
• photophobia;
• ikhanda;
• siplost noma hoarseness kwezwi;
• ukwazi kahle, delirium;
• yokuphazamiseka wamathumbu imikhuba;
• edema mucosal yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula;
• izimpawu conjunctivitis: ukuvuvukala Isivalo, ububomvu ezizungeze amehlo;
• ukubukeka izindawo abomvu emlonyeni - ku ulwanga, ebusweni engaphakathi izihlathi;
• ngosuku lesi sifo le mucosa ngomlomo yesibili avele izindawo ezincane ezimhlophe;
• kakhulu ukuqubuka livela ngosuku lesine noma lesihlanu, isici ukubukeka kwalo ebusweni nasentanyeni, ngemuva ezindlebeni ke emzimbeni futhi egoba izingalo, imilenze, iminwe, zezandla nezinyawo.

Isimungumungwane awahlabi - a papules ekhethekile sizungezwe indawo futhi ukuba nokuthambekela uhlangane (okuyikhona iyahlule rubella, lapho ukuqubuka ayinakho impahla ukuze uhlangane). Ngemva ngosuku lwesine amawala, lapho igciwane linqotshiwe, ukuqubuka kancane kancane zicekela phansi: omnyama, esikhunjeni, iqala ikhasi off. izindawo Hyperpigmented nge ukuqubuka kuzohlala kwenye amasonto 1-2.

Isimungumungwane ezinganeni

Esinye sezifo ebuntwaneni ezivamile futhi iyingozi kakhulu - isimungumungwane kuyinto. Igciwane avame kuthinta izingane zasenkulisa futhi ekuqaleni kuka abasesikoleni.

Ngaphambi eRussia sakha ukukhiqizwa yokugoma futhi waqala khulula zokuvimba lokhu igciwane kanye nezinkinga ako ngokwesilinganiso umntwana oyedwa. Namuhla, imigomo siyinzalo ka unyaka owodwa engconywana, neyisithupha (ngokuvumelana kazwelonke yokugoma schedule). Uma umntwana usuke engakabi zigonywe, ingozi yokuthola i senzakalo othwala igciwane ifinyelela amaphesenti ayikhulu. Abaxhumelele izingane noma musa sigule noma sihlupheke isifo kalula kakhulu.

Bayashintshana ekufukameleni ingane Period umuntu itheleleke ingahluka futhi ngokwesilinganiso kusukela izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya ku-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, akukho izimpawu zesifo alikho, kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi ukubonakaliswa basemtholampilo umntwana kuyoba esithathelwanayo kwabanye.

Ngokuvamile, izingane zihlupheka kakhulu. Okokuqala, kukhona izimpawu ezivamile sibi zokuphefumula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (Ari):

• lokushisa 38-40 degrees;
• ukukhwehlela eqinile owomile;
• amakhala yisisu;
• ngenxa yobuthakathaka;
• yokuntuleka esesuthi;
• iphupho elibi.

ezingu-3-5 ukugula siqala ukuvela ukuqubuka - pink encane, ukuhlanganisa nomunye nezici. Ezinganeni, kwenzeka ngokushesha futhi lisakaza wonke umzimba. Ngesikhathi ukuqubuka livela, izinga lokushisa emva ngcono ezibonakala ebonakalayo ungaqala livuke.

Ezinganeni neminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu, isimungumungwana kuyingozi ikakhulukazi. umzimba elalisafufusa wengane kancane ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi igciwane, futhi ngenxa wajoyina izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa yezinkinga:

• indlebe izifo;
• inyumoniya bronchial;
• ubumpumputhe;
• encephalitis;
• ukuvuvukala enamandla zamanzi;
• laryngitis.

Kungenxa yokuthi lezi yezinkinga ngakho kubalulekile ukubonisa ingane kudokotela ngesikhathi futhi ukulawula isifo. Izinkinga ngokuvamile ziqala ukuvela ngemva kwesikhashana ngemuva ingane usephendukele isichibiyelo.

Isimungumungwane e Abadala

Isimungumungwane e abadala - isifo ezingavamile. Kodwa uma umuntu asebengenwe igciwane, akazange sigweme izinkinga. Abadala abagulayo ngemva kweminyaka kanzima futhi eside 20. Isigaba acute lesi sifo ingahlala amasonto amabili. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo kubangela ezihlukahlukene izinkinga, kanye awokuthi ukutheleleka olwengeziwe virus.

Izinhlobo yezinkinga e abadala:

• yebhaktheriya;
• Isimungumungwane i-pneumonia,
• abezindaba otitis;
• tracheobronchitis;
• iziyaluyalu e isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;
• laryngitis;
• okusanhlamvu (laryngeal stenosis);
• ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo;
• lymphadenitis (ukuvuvukala lymph node);
• ukuvuvukala meninges - meningoencephalitis (40% okuyizinto isifo esibulalayo).

Ngakho-ke, siyaqonda ukuthi isimungumungwane igciwane okuyinto, njengoba kukholelwa kanjalo ngokuvamile, kuyingozi kuphela izingane, kungabangela ukugulelwa abadala ngisho kuholele ukukhubazeka noma ukufa.

Isimungumungwane ekukhulelweni

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi yisifo esibangela izinkinga eziningi kangaka kalula ageleze kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Kodwa nakho enkulu umama okhulelwe kungenzeka izinkinga ingane. Futhi akulona ize.

Isimungumungwane singadala ukuthi kulapho eziyingozi ezingenzeka embungwini, ephansi engu sokukhulelwa. Ngo senyanga kuqala abesifazane nge onesifo kungase kwenzeke 20% kwesisu nokuguqulwa, noma okubi nakakhulu, lesi sifo kuzoholela ezinzima malformation fetus (retardation engqondo, isimiso sezinzwa, njll ..). Ngeshwa, ukucacisa ukukhubazeka ngasekuqaleni ultrasound fetus ngisho ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa kuqala akunakwenzeka, futhi abesifazane ngokuvamile ukunikela isisu.

Uma umuntu wesifazane okhulelwe bangenwe ukugula emva kwesonto nesithupha, onalesi sifo kuyaduduza kakhulu. Kuleli placenta gama liye wavuthwa ngokwanele ukuvikela ngokuphelele umbungu ekuguleni kamama, ngakho ematfuba izinkinga umntwana ongakazalwa ungumuntu kakhulu.

Ingozi ivela futhi, uma umama wagula nje ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi bebeletha kuvele ngeke amandla anele ngenxa igciwane, futhi ingozi zokuthelela ingane ngesikhathi nokuwela emgudwini wokuzala kuphezulu kakhulu. Yiqiniso, odokotela manje unayo yonke izindlela ukulondoloza ukuphila kwengane: kanye yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule, nemithi elwa namagciwane ezinamandla. Futhi cishe, ingane uzokwazi ukwelapha. Kodwa kungani kufanele sithathe ingozi uma kukhona indlela ukuze azivikele nomntanakhe kusengaphambili? Zihlolwe amasotsha omzimba kuya isimungumungwane igciwane kuyadingeka ngoba owesifazane ngamunye phambi ukuhlela sokukhulelwa. Phela, uma thina manje unakekele impilo yakho bese zigonywe ngesikhathi, kungenzeka bagule ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngeke elula.

izindlela ukuxilongwa

Ngokuvamile, uphethwe kusekelwe idatha emitholampilo ngemuva ukubonakala isici isimungumungwane ngamawala. Kodwa umthamo laboratory ukuxilonga ngaphambili (noma uqinisekise), ukunquma lapho isimungumungwane igciwane. Microbiology ivumela ukuzihlanganisa igazi, isikhwehlela, umlomo nekhala, igciwane amaseli umchamo ngosuku lokuqala isifo (ngaphambi ukubukeka ukuqubuka), ngisho ekupheleni kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Ngesibonakhulu ekhethekile angabhekwa ejwayelekile elikhanyayo, nge inclusions, amaseli giant okweqanda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli zinganikwa:

• urinalysis negazi ukuze ugweme ezengeziwe izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezinkinga;
• ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwegazi ukuze kutholwe omzimba (ukuhlaziywa serological ngoba IgG isimungumungwane igciwane);
• esifubeni-X-ray noma esifubeni X-ray ezimweni yentuthuko esolwa isimungumungwane nenyumoniya.

Kodwa ezimweni eziningi sitholakele isifo akakubangeli izinkinga yezokwelapha futhi akahlukanisanga ngalutho ukuqashwa kukaNksz cwaningo ezengeziwe.

Indlela kutholakale izinga IgG amasosha isimungumungwane igciwane

Ngemva ukuxhumana nesineke isimungumungwane umuntu ngamunye uqala ukukhumbula ukuthi yena kuwo yena, noma mhlawumbe ogulayo njengoba ingane. Futhi uma ukunganakwa, Wayemkhumbula isikhathi safaka ingane yakhe siqu? Ngingasitholaphi ke? Kukhona futhi nezingozi ukuthi umuthi wokugoma iye wagcinwa ngendlela efanele, bese igciwane mnene zingafa ngaphambi kokuba busuka umzimba.

Manje zonke laboratory angafeza ukuhlaziya ku amasosha isimungumungwane igciwane (IgG). Le ndlela ivumela ngamaphesenti ayikhulu isiqiniseko sokuthi umuntu amasosha omzimba yilesi sifo.

ukwelashwa

ukwelashwa oluthize isimungumungwane igciwane alikho. Njengazo zonke izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, udokotela uyosingatha ukwelashwa lingaze, aqede iphinde ivimbele ingozi izinkinga. Ngokuvamile ebekiwe:

• izidakamizwa ukuthi ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa futhi ukhulula ukucobeka, izinhlungu, imfiva ( "ibuprofen" "paracetamol");
• izifutho ngokumelene ukuvuvukala gargling nge chamomile, "chlorhexidine";
• mucolytics futhi expectorants isifuba esomile;
• I-ekupholiseni izimpawu rhinitis futhi kuncishiswe ingozi ukuthuthukiswa otitis - vasoconstrictive ekhaleni amathonsi (izinsuku 5) futhi ugeze nge brine;
• ukuze akhulule ukucasulwa ubala futhi ukulunywa ukuqubuka ebekiwe uhlambulule "Dilaksinom";
• ukwelapha conjunctivitis - "Albucidum" futhi "Chloramphenicol";
• ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba yimpumputhe, iziguli Kunconywa phakathi nayo yonke inkathi lesi sifo ukuthatha uvithamini A;
• esimweni inyumoniya antibiotic.

Isexwayiso! Ekwelapheni isimungumungwane noma kunjalo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa "aspirin", ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16. Lokhu kungaholela ukuthuthukiswa Reye Syndrome - encephalopathy hepatic.

zokuvimbela

Lapho eneminyaka engu-unyaka owodwa, zonke izingane amahhala yokugoma icala ebuntwaneni izifo ezintathu eziyingozi kakhulu (isimungumungwane, rubella, mumps). Revaccination ngokumelene lezi zifo Kwenziwa eneminyaka engu-iminyaka 5-6 ubudala, phambi esikoleni. Odokotela bathi umgomo kahle ikubekezelele izingane, yilapho bezibona khona ukukwenza kuphela izingane enempilo, ngakho ingozi yokuthola igciwane side effects zimbalwa futhi ziyantula.

Wonke umuntu kalula qiniseka ukuthi umgomo wasebenza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile emva umjovo ukuba baphumelele isivivinyo ekhethekile. Antibodies nesimungumungwana igciwane samanje uma kwenzeka ukuthi ithuthukiswe amasosha omzimba ngemva ngokugoma.