Idolobhana Mirny (Yakutia): emayini yedayimane. Umlando, izincazelo, izithombe

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, insimu yezwe lethu lakhiwa inombolo ezanele emadolobheni, iningi lazo ongeke ukwazi ngempela labo kuphela ezindawo indawo kanye nokusetshenziswa ubunjiniyela izixazululo zayo. Njalo is edolobheni Mirny (Yakutia). Quarry izimayini idayimane, esemgwaqweni yalo, ingenye izimangaliso ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla, ngoba Kugcizelela ne lingakanani, ngisho ochwepheshe ebona.

"Pipe wokuthula"

By endleleni ukukhuluma, ngendlela yesayensi le inkwali - ". Umhlaba" "kimberlite ipayipi", okuyinto unesiqu esithi Umuzi ngokwawo yavela ngemva ukutholakala nokwakheka kwalo ekuqaleni, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ogama lakhe behlonipha wakhe. I inkwali kuyinto 525 metres ukujula ngiyaphupha ububanzi mayelana 1.3 km! Yena kimberlite ipayipi kwamiswa endulo, lapho evela ekujuleni iplanethi yethu ngejubane elikhulu kwaqubuka udaka lwentaba-mlilo amagesi esishisayo mlilo. Esigabeni, kufana ingilazi noma Isigaxa. Ngenxa namandla amakhulu kubona ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu, kusukela Earth waphonswa kimberlite - idwala okuthiwa equkethe amadayimane zemvelo.

Igama yalolu ketshezi lisuselwa egameni edolobheni waseNingizimu Afrika eKimberley. Kukhona idayimane anesisindo 17 amagremu watholakala ngo-1871, kwaphumela emaphandleni uzamcolo ongalawuleki wathela abafuna futhi izama ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba kahle kwakukhona umuzi wethu Mirny (Yakutia)? Quarry - oluyisisekelo ukubukeka kwayo.

Njengoba kwatholakala okwami

Phakathi no-June 1955, izazi zokuma komhlaba Soviet e Yakutia babefuna iminonjana kimberlite futhi lwafikela larch esewile, ogama izimpande babe vyvorocheny komhlaba isiphepho esinamandla. Lokhu "elingenalutho" yemvelo wathatha fox, ngokumba umgodi lapho. Kuye wasipha ethubeni elihle: umbala ochwepheshe emhlabeni waqaphela ukuthi 'umhume impungushe kuyinto kimberlite okukhulu.

E-Moscow, yena waba ngokushesha uthumele umlayezo umsakazo code: "ovuthayo ipayipi yokuthula, ugwayi kakhulu!" Nje kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, niye ehlane welula amakholomu enkulu emathulusi ekwakha. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi edolobheni sekukhona Mirnyi (Yakutia). Quarry kwadingeka ukuba ziveze ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Omunye uye kuphela ukubheka emgodini iqhwa ukuqonda ububanzi enkulu yomsebenzi owenziwe lapha!

Abazalwane South Africa

Ukuze ifohle amamitha eziningana Iqhwa, kwakudingeka zisebenzisa amashumi ezinkulungwane amathani iziqhumane okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kakade 60s kwekhulu elidlule emkhakheni waqala kancane kancane ukunikeza ezimbili amakhilogremu wamadayimane, hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1/5 kubo izinga zabo ezivelele futhi ayikwazanga ukuthunyelwa imigexo izitolo emva ukusika. Amatshe aseleko lisasetshenziswa kabanzi umkhakha Soviet.

Amasimu ithuthuka ngokushesha ukuze inkampani eNingizimu Afrika Beers wayemane ophoqelelwe ukuthenga up amadayimane kushaft Soviet nje ukugwema ukwehla kwamandla omnotho amanani global. Abaholi lenhlangano bafaka isicelo evakashele edolobheni Mirny (Yakutia). Quarry hit kubo, ukuze bangakuqondi kuphela sahlala khona isikhathi esifushane ...

Tricks zezimboni

Uhulumeni waseSoviet bavumelana, kodwa yafuna quid quo pro - ukuba enkundleni eNingizimu Afrika wavumela Ochwepheshe Soviet. Ukudluliselwa kusuka Afrika efika e Moscow ... futhi kunomsindo kakhulu imisiwe, ngoba izivakashi njalo okuhleliwe amadili. Lapho ochwepheshe ekugcineni befika edolobheni Mirny, wokubuka we umsebenzi lapho abaphindanga baba imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-20.

Kodwa kubonakala konke kubo ngokulinganayo bamangale ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Ngokwesibonelo, izivakashi nje yengacabangi ubuchwepheshe izimayini idayimane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanzi. Nokho, lutho isimanga kuleli yakut izimo zezulu ngokuba lokhu akusikho: ezindaweni cishe ayisikhombisa izinyanga zomnyaka imele lokushisa Subzero, futhi eyiqhwa ihlaya hhayi zinkulu. Endaweni eyingozi lingumuzi ukuthula! I emgodini ukujula wukuthi uma ufuna ungakwazi yini ukuhlela ngisho ulwandle yesikhumbuzo.

Umlando Omfushane ukukhiqizwa

Kusukela ngo-1957 kuya ku-2001, amadayimane kuthiwa limbiwa inani ezingaphezu kuka $ 17 bhiliyoni. Quarry ngasedolobheni Mirny eSiberia ngo inqubo yokuthuthukisa amakhono enwetshiwe ukuze kusuka phansi kuya ebusweni ubude komgwaqo ngoba amaloli kwaba amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili kude. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngo-2001 idiphozi akuyona isiphelile: umgodi izimayini idayimane evulekile abe yingozi kakhulu. Ososayensi baye bakwazi ukufunda ukuthi eziphilayo kudlulela a engaphezu ikhilomitha ukujula, futhi kulezi zimo kudingeka emayini eside ngomshoshaphansi. By endleleni ekhuluma, yafinyelela nomklamo walo nomthamo esigidini amathani amatshe 2012. Namuhla, izazi zikholelwa ukuthi asathuthuka lokhu idiphozi esiyingqayizivele kungaba esinye iminyaka engu-35 (cishe).

Ezinye izinkinga kwendawo

Helicopter ezindizayo phezu inkwali akuvunyelwe nhlobo, njengoba indiza enjalo - lokufa ngoba imoto laselikhala. Imithetho yesayensi ngivele helicopter phansi inkwali. Ngesikhathi izindonga eziphakeme tube nemiphumela ethile engathandeki lifushane kakhulu: akukho kungenzeka isipoki ukuthi ngelinye ilanga imvula nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kuzoholela kumiswa kumhambela ezinkulukazi ukuthi ukuzikisa ngokuphelele edolobheni Mirny (Yakutia). I-career ukuthi unesithombe ephepheni lungasetshenziswa ngezinhloso izinkulumo abanye abangase bazibheke lokhu kuyiphupho. Sikhuluma kungenzeka ukudala umgodi titanic idolobha eliyingqayizivele ngekusasa.

"City Yesikhathi Esizayo": ngephupho noma ngokoqobo?

Ngubani owayengubhongoza walolu iphrojekthi waqokwa UNikolai Lyutomsky. Inkinga enzima yomsebenzi oluzayo - ukwakha isakhiwo cyclopean ukhonkolo, engeke nje ukuqinisa izindonga inkwali, kodwa ngeke kufuthwe, ukuhlinzeka amandla engeziwe. Lokhu kuyoba yinto engakholekile izivakashi, okuyinto ngizoziqhayisa kuphela emzini ngokuthula!

Quarry, izithombe zazo kungabonakala inhlolovo, kulindeleke ukuba uvale phezulu Dome esobala ephahlwe le solar panel lizofakwa. Yiqiniso, isimo sezulu e Yakutia ezinzima kakhulu, kodwa yokuntuleka izinsuku sunny. Amandla basikisela ukuthi ngenxa nyaka uwodwa uzokwazi ukukhiqiza ibhethri okungenani 200 MW zamandla. Ekugcineni, sizokwazi ukusizakala imfudumalo iplanethi uqobo.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ebusika, le ndawo selehlile phansi -60 degrees Celsius. Yebo, kunzima ukuba nomona kulabo engibathandayo umuzi noXolo (Yakutia) ekhaya. Quarry, esithinta isithombe, promorazhivaetsya efanayo, kodwa kuphela 150 amamitha ukujula. Ngezansi - unaphakade zero lokushisa. idolobha Futuristic okufanele lihlukaniselwe ngokushesha ku imikhakha emithathu eyinhloko. Ngesikhathi aphansi bafuna ukutshala imikhiqizo yezolimo, ngokwesilinganiso, kulindelekile ukumaka indawo-ezisemadolobheni egcwele.

Ingxenye engenhla - endaweni yokuhlala kwabantu, ngaphezu zokuhlala kuyoba mahhovisi, izindawo zokuzijabulisa nokunye. Uma uhlelo zokwakha luyasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, endaweni edolobheni kuyoba "izikwele" izigidi ezintathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho angazamukela abantu ayizinkulungwane 10. Abangaba yizinkulungwane 36 izakhamuzi umuzi ngokwawo obunokuthula (Yakutia). Quarry, le zazo ukujula imayelana isigamu sekhilomitha, kuzokuvumela ukuba kahle uphumule, hhayi flying le emazweni akude.

Olunye ulwazi ngephrojekthi "Ecocity"

Ekuqaleni, iphrojekthi waqanjwa "Ecocity 2020", kodwa kusobala namuhla ukuthi kumnqamlajuqu nekuwusebentisa ngokusobala ngeke zisebenze. By endleleni, ukuthi kuyini ukuba kwakhiwe ngaso sonke? Izakhamuzi ndaba: izinyanga ezinhlanu kuphela unyaka bahlezi ucishe zivumelana ngesilinganiso ukhululekile, futhi lonke isikhathi bahlala okushisa ukuthi kuyizinto esengeziwe Arctic Antarctica. City kuyokwenza ukuba uphumule ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka, basking elangeni, futhi amandla ukukhiqizwa amapulazi giant akufanele ilibaleke: zonke izakhamuzi nezivakashi bazonikezwa ezingaphezu kuka-vitamin izithelo nemifino.

Ukuze amazinga aphansi ukuthola amaningi ukukhanya maphakathi emayini kulindeleke ukuba ahlale ukukhanyisa ka ububanzi giant. Ngaphezu solar panel, okuyinto ukusebenza namanje ezingabazekayo ngokwanele (plus nezinkinga ukufakwa), abanye onjiniyela ukunikela inketho zenuzi ukwakhiwa isikhungo sikagesi. Namuhla, konke lokhu ukuba izinhlelo ukufiphala kakhulu. Ngingathanda Ngethemba ukuthi emzini Mirny yedayimane okuyinto emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa kayibuhlungu ukuhlala kuyo abantu.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo zezimayini Idayimane

Njengoba sishilo, in the 60s konyaka nakhu sasithathwa ezimbili amakhilogremu wamadayimane, okwesihlanu babo baba okusezingeni eliphezulu gem izinga. Per tonne ka-ore zaba kuze igremu izinto zokusetshenziswa okumsulwa, futhi yamadwala babebaningi ababefika ukubhekisiswa ubucwebe. Namuhla ton of ore ngayinye ube mayelana 0.4 amagremu wamadayimane.

Idayimane elikhulu

Ekupheleni kuka-December 1980-ke iyona enkulu kunazo zonke okwami idayimane konke kuwo wonke umlando kuye kwatholakala lapha. Lokhu giant, enesisindo 68 amagremu, wathola isihloko enkulu «XXVI iCongress of the CPSU."

Lapho ukukhiqizwa kunqanyulwe evulekile?

Lapho "wakhawula" ukuthula? Yedayimane saba bucayi ukuthuthukisa ngo-1990, lapho ukukhiqizwa ifinyelele 525 amamitha ukujula. Phansi emgodini wawudla izindwali. Kufana 'wezwe "uye waya kwekulu idayimane emgodini ezweni lethu. Isizinda eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-44. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ukukhiqiza kwaholela inkampani "Sakha", inzuzo yonyaka okuyinto kudlulwe $ 600 million. Namuhla, imayini siphela "Alrosa". Lokhu corporation ingenye abakhiqizi elikhulu idayimane emhlabeni.

Lapho benza umqondo kwemayini avaliwe?

Kakade ukwakhiwa umhubhe wokuqala yaqalwa ngo-1970, njengoba wonke umuntu waqonda ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento okuqhubekayo izimayini ovulekile. Kodwa ngokugcwele, le ndlela wadluliswa ngo-1999 kuphela. Kuze kube manje, ukuthi kusekuningi ukuziphilisa ngesikhathi 1200 amamitha ukujula yaziwa. Kungase bakwazi kukhishwe amadayimane futhi ezijulile.

Lena yindlela izinto zokusetshenziswa ocebile e Yakutia: Mirny, inkwali lapho ndiyaza ngamunye - yezimbangela inhlalakahle kazwelonke. Diamonds ukuthi misela khona, hamba hhayi kuphela nezidingo izinkampani imfashini, kodwa nezalo ukukhiqizwa ezihlukahlukene amadivaysi eziyinkimbinkimbi netindlela.