Ibhethri Nuclear futhi isimiso ukusebenza kwawo

Ifoni yokuqala mobile yasungulwa emashumini amane edlule. Isayensi iqhubeka, yebo. Futhi ngubani nje nempela owayeke wacabanga ngesikhathi ukuthi iminyaka engamashumi amane kamuva ukukhanya uyaphuma yenuzi ibhethri yefoni yakho? Yebo, isayensi izinyathelo hhayi ngokukhulu ukushesha, kodwa namanje nge ngempumelelo enkulu ezindaweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zamuva. Futhi lesi sihloko uzobe anikelwe isihloko ngokusebenzisa amabhethri zenuzi amadivayisi yesimanje.

ukungena

Manje emakethe Smartphones - yezindawo ethembisayo electronic. Le ndawo ekuthuthukiseni ngamandla, ngaphandle kokuma ngeminithi. Kunengqondo, kuphela waqhubeka ukudayiswa iPhone 3G, futhi emashalofini ezitolo mobile ugabise kakade iPhone 6 ne-iPhone 6 Plus. Akubuzwa ukuthi yini indlela onjiniyela inkampani bebelokhu ukujabulisa abasebenzisi ihadiwe zakamuva?

I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana Android, ne Windows Ucingo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, lonke ikilasi lesikole Kwabuthana lucky winner, njengoba ayephethe ifoni isekelwe ohlelweni lwakwa-Android. Futhi uma othile wakwazi mathupha ukudlala e isicelo lapho isenzo control kungaba esebenzisa ukujikeleleza kwesikrini (ikakhulukazi uma umdlalo okwakungafanele yamahhashi isigaba), waya ngokoqobo kwakhanya nge injabulo.

Okwamanje, lesi akusona isimanga. Ngisho lokuqala ibanga manje zisebenzisa ngokuphepha ocingweni Apple ngaphandle injabulo injabulo, cha fanele bono kanjani empeleni ezaziyikho lucky. Noma kunjalo, nje asazi olwalukhona amafoni ezisebenza nge ikhiphedi bese ningathinti. Ukuthi labo amafoni yayimane nje ambalwa imidlalo. Futhi lokho ngisho inyoka ngesikhathi Nokia 1100 has a screen-umbala ezimbili izingane kubangele ukuba ubonise intshiseko zase wadlalela cishe usuku lonke.

Yiqiniso, uma umdlalo ziphansi kakhulu izinga. Sebenzisa amafoni enjalo kungaba kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kokufaka isicelo icala olwengeziwe. Manje, umkhakha umdlalo emkhakheni Smartphones wafika ezingeni quality, futhi lokhu kudinga iselula amabhethri namandla kakhulu. Kanjani, Ngokubona kwakho, uyakwazi ukubamba lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu, enamandla kunazo ngokuya ukuphila kwebhetri smartphone?

Ingabe sidinga ibhethri yenuzi?

Siyakuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho ukusetshenziswa yokwenziwa kwayo (smarfton) * Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthathe izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-3. Njengoba imithombo yamandla smartphone yesimanje isebenzisa uhlobo lithium ion. onobuhle Kancane kancane ezivamile egijima ku polymer ibhethri. Eqinisweni, lezi amafoni ungami umsebenzi eside kakhulu. Google ungaxhunyiwe, ubuke ama-movie kubo, ungakwazi ukubala inani lamahora, okuyinto ngokuvamile ingeqi eziyishumi. Izinkampani esikhiqiza amathuluzi anjengaleli ukuncintisana nezimpi eziningana. I asebenzayo iningi kuyimpi ngoba indawo yokuqala nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

- Isibuko.

- Hardware imishini kanye nokusebenza.

- Ubukhulu (ngokukhethekile, impilo inzima ukuncipha ukujiya).

- Inamandla akancike amandla umthombo.

Njengoba singabona, umbuzo ukuthi sidinga ibhethri yenuzi kwefoni elisavulekele. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, amafoni uzobe ifakwe amabhethri ukuthi usebenza isimiso of ukusabela zenuzi isici ngokuthi "tritium". Kulokhu, ifoni isebenze ngaphandle lingatshajwa kufika eminyakeni engu-20, ngokusho kombiko olandelanayo. Umxhwele, akunjalo?

Njengoba umqondo omusha mayelana ibhethri le-athomu?

Umqondo yokudala miniature Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi (sikhuluma amabhethri senuzi) uvele izingqondo elikhanyayo hhayi ngakho kudala. Kuye kwasikiselwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa imishini anjalo esikhathini amadivayisi abafanele lobuchwepheshe uvumele ukubhekana inkinga hhayi kuphela kudingeka lingatshajwa njalo, kodwa futhi nabanye.

Tass: ibhethri le-athomu ngezandla zakho. Bathi onjiniyela

Isicelo lokuqala okusunguliwe, amabhethri ukuthi izosebenza ngesisekelo amandla enuzi, okwenza division of ukukhathazeka ezifuywayo ngaphansi kwegama "Rosatom". Kwakuwusuku "Izimayini Chemical Hlanganisa." Onjiniyela batshelwa ukuthi ugesi kuqala, okuyinto ibekwe njengoba ibhethri zenuzi, kungadalwa kudala njengoba 2017.

Umgomo we operation kuyoba nezikhathi lapho ukusabela ezenzeka nge "nickel-63" usizo ngokwengqikithi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, thina ukhuluma emisebeni beta. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ibhethri yakhiwe ngokuvumelana nalesi simiso, ikwazi ukusebenza mayelana kwamashumi amahlanu. Ubukhulu nazo kakhulu, icwecwe kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma uthatha abavamile penlight amabhethri ngawakhamela izikhathi 30, ungakwazi ngokucacile sibone ukuthi ubukhulu kuyodingeka ibhethri zenuzi.

Ingabe ibhethri yenuzi kuphephile?

Onjiniyela aqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi lokhu kwamandla ngeke abalona ingozi impilo yabantu. Isizathu salokhu Ukumethemba umklamo ibhethri. Yiqiniso, i-ngqo beta emisebeni IKhompyuthaYami kuyinto neze kulimaze a eziphilayo. Kodwa okokuqala, kuyoba ku accumulator "soft." Okwesibili, ngisho ukuthi emisebeni engenzi uphume, ngoba abazokwazi ngaphakathi umthombo wamandla.

Ngenxa yokuthi amabhethri yenuzi 'Russia A123 "ngeke bachayeke emisebeni yelanga ngaphakathi kubo, abavumi it out, ochwepheshe manje oyakhayo ube nombono ekahle phezu ukusetshenziswa ibhethri le-athomu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene imithi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube lwenteke ekuklanyweni elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo inhliziyo. Eyesibili isiqondiso ethembisayo iyona umkhakha isikhala. Endaweni yesithathu, Yiqiniso, le mboni. Ngaphandle ezintathu eziphezulu eziningi amagatsha, okungase asebenzisa ngayo ngokuphumelelayo yenuzi umthombo wamandla. Mhlawumbe ebaluleke kakhulu kubo - ezokuthutha.

Okumbi amandla enuzi

Yini esiyitholayo emuva ibhethri yenuzi? Okungukuthi, njengoba sizobona, uma sibheka ngaphesheya? Okokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma mithombo ezimele amandla izobiza penny kuhle. ngqo amanani Onjiniyela ungafisi ukubiza. Mhlawumbe besaba ukuthi bazokwenza iziphetho ezingafanele ekuseni. Nokho, ukulinganisa anolaka alikho izinombolo elinikwe, futhi amagama. Okungukuthi "konke eqolo." Yilo-ke leli ngempela kufanele kulindelwe, nje ukugembula umnyombo wale ndaba ngokunengqondo. Mayelana ukukhiqizwa serial ngezinga ezimbonini ukusho, mhlawumbe ekuseni khulu. Siyethemba ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubuchwepheshe okunye ukudala i ibhethri le-athomu ngaphandle kokuyekethisa linokwethenjelwa usizo atholakala, kodwa ishibhile.

By the way, tass kulinganiselwa 1 igremu we ketshezi 4000 zamadola. Ngakho, ukuze sithole le ezidingekayo isisindo zenuzi impahla, ezizohlinzeka ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside ibhethri, manje kunesidingo ukuchitha ruble ayizigidi ezingu-4,5. Inkinga itholakala IKhompyuthaYami. Emvelweni, kuvele alikho, dala IKhompyuthaYami esebenzisa sikhungo ekhethekile. Ezweni lethu, zingabantu ezintathu kuphela. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungase ekugcineni ukwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye izici ukwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla.

SaseTomsk. ibhethri le-athomu

Ukusungulwa kwe-ibhethri le-athomu abutholakali onjiniyela professional nabaqambi. Muva nje, kucelwe umfundi saseTomsk Polytechnic University, owayefundelwa esikhathini esikoleni iziqu, ithuthukiswe model of ibhethri elisha isebenza ngokungenzi zenuzi. Igama lalo muntu Dmitry Prokopiev. Ukuthuthukiswa Its uyakwazi usebenza kwimodi ejwayelekile 12. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, akadingi ukuba agcwalisiwe esisodwa.

uhlelo elaba isikhungo a IKhompyuthaYami enemisebe ngokuthi "tritium". Nge ngekhono kukuvumela ukuthumela amandla ezikhishwe phakathi nengxenye-ukuphila endaweni efanele. Lapho le energy Kukhululwa izingxenye. Singasho, ngemithamo noma ngamaqoqo. Khumbula ukuthi isigamu-ukuphila kwalesi sakhi zenuzi komyalelo wokungabi engu-12. Yingakho ukusetshenziswa amabhethri kulo isici kungenzeka singakapheli isikhathi esibalulwe.

Izinzuzo tritium

Kuqhathaniswa ibhethri le-athomu ukuthi has a umtshina Silicon, ibhethri zenuzi kusekelwe tritium ayishintshi izici zayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi lokhu inzuzo yayo elingenakuphikwa, kufanele kuphawulwe. Thina ihlolwe kokusungulwa ngesikhathi Novosibirsk Isikhungo Nuclear Physics, kanye e-Physical-Technical Institute saseTomsk University. ibhethri Nuclear, isimiso okuyinto esekelwe i-imeyli engahlonziwe has umbono othile. Lokhu ngokuvamile emkhakheni electronics. Kanye ke kukhona lempi imishini, imithi kanye nezindiza mkhathi. Yilokhu sitjhwile.

isiphetho

Nge zonke izindleko aphezulu ukukhiqizwa amabhethri-athomu ziyothembela ngalokho esikwenzayo ukuze sihlangabezane nabo amafoni eduze esizayo. Manje amagama ambalwa ngento, okuzoba ngesisekelo ibhethri. Tritium, ngokuqinisekile ngokwemvelo - zenuzi. Nokho, emisebeni timphawu ababuthakathaka. Umonakalo empilweni yomuntu, ngeke. I izibilini zalo isikhumba akusho uhlushwa ukusetshenziswa okunekhono. Yingakho uMose ayiqamba wakhethwa ukuze isetshenziswe amabhethri.