I-valve yokuphepha kuhlelo lokushisa. Isu, ukukhethwa, ukulungiswa

I-valve yokuphepha esimisweni sokushisa yisixhobo sokuzivikela se-generator yokushisa neminye imishini, ehlukaniswa nokusebenza kwayo elula. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukusetha kabusha imithwalo engahlelekile eyenzeka ezimweni ezahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le divayisi ibambe iqhaza ekulawuleni ukugeleza kokuphefumula ohlelweni lokushisa. Yonke enye imishini iyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu, ijaji lamanzi libhekwa njengeqhumayo.

Ukuqokwa

Inhloso eyinhloko ye-valve yokuphepha ukuvikela uhlelo lokushisa ngokumelene namaconsi okucindezela okungenzeka. Isimo esifanayo sijwayelekile ezindlini ezinezikebhe zamanzi. Esikhathini sokushisa kwamanzi nokushisa kwamanzi, ukucindezela kufinyelela kumanani amkhawulo okungajwayelekile.

Ukwanda okunamandla kwengcindezi kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Umthamo we-coolant uhamba ngaphezu kwamagugu avumelekile ngenxa yokuhluleka kwe-automation.
• Ukuphakama okubukhali embusweni wokushisa.

I-valve yokuphepha kuhlelo lokushisa: umdwebo wedivayisi

Le divayisi iqukethe umzimba kanye nezici ezimbili ezifakiwe. Umzimba wenziwe ngamanzi ithusi, okwenziwa ubuchwepheshe bokushisa okushisayo. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-valve ingumthombo wensimbi. Ngosizo lokusikeka kwalo, libeka amandla okucindezela, okuzokwenza phezu kwendwangu, ukugqokisa leli phepha ngaphandle.

Kanti, i-membrane, esesitokisini, egcwele ngophawu, icindezelwa yintwasahlobo. Engxenyeni engenhla yentwasahlobo iphikisana nomswakama wensimbi owenziwe endongeni bese uhlaselwa epulasitiki. Isibambo siyadingeka ukuze ulawule i-valve yokuphepha esimisweni sokushisa.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuhluka kwala madivayisi.

I-valve yokuqhafaza

Lawa madivaysi enziwe ngethusi. Lolu hlobo luhamba ngokuqondile, ngamanye amazwi, luvuliwe ngamandla okucindezela. Naphezu kokuthi lokhu kuyindlela ephansi kakhulu, kuyinto enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. I-valve yokuphepha yokuxhuma kuhlelo lokushisa inomklamo olula: induku ene-gasket kanye nhlangothi zombili intambo.

I-Brass idivayisi

Lezi zixhobo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kumele ifakwe ohlelweni lokushisa ngokushesha ngemuva kwepompo yokuhambisa. Isiqu kanye nentwasahlobo kulokhu kwakhiwa kwenziwa ngensimbi engagqwali. I-valve yokuphepha yethusi ohlelweni lokushisa liyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa komthutha wokushisa kuze kufike ku-1200 ° C.

Hlola i-Valve

I-valve engeyona ukubuyisa iyisetshenziswa sokuphepha esivimbela ukugeleza kwe-coolant kwisistimu yokushisa lapho ukucindezela kwehla.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Kuze kube manje, ungathola izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-valve - entwasahlobo kanye ne-lever-cargo. Futhi ngaphambi kokukhetha i-valve yokuphepha yesistimu yokushisa, udinga ukucubungula lezi zinhlobo ngokuningiliziwe.

Isilinganiso-impahla

Lolu hlobo lwe-valve yokuphepha ngaphandle lumelela imishini yokukhiya, umklamo ohlinzeka umthwalo okhethekile ohlotshaniswa ne-spool nge-lever. Ukuhamba komthwalo ngokubheke kobude be-lever kulawula amandla lapho i-spool icindezelwa khona ngokumelene nesihlalo. Lapho ukushisa komshini wokushisa kuhlelo lokushisa kudlula izinga, i-valve yokuphepha ivula futhi uketshezi oluningi lugeleza ngaphakathi kwepayipi lokungenisa.

Spring

Njengamanje, i-valve ethandwa kakhulu yinhlobo yasentwasahlobo. Kusukela ku-version yangaphambilini, ihluke ngokuthi i-spolle ye-spool ayicindezelwe nge-lever enomthwalo, kodwa ngokusebenzisa entwasahlobo. Isimiso sokusebenza njengento yonke siyahluka kancane kusuka kudivayisi ye-lever-cargo. Ngokushintsha izinga lokucindezela kwentwasahlobo, i-valve ilawulwa.

Izinketho zokuphakama

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuphephile kwe-valve kusistimu yokushisa, kutuswa ukufaka ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho. Ungabathola emadokhumeni akhethekile alawulayo. Imithetho iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi amandla nokucindezela kokusebenza kohlelo. Kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zisalondolozwa, phakathi kwazo:

• Esikhathini sokushisa, lo mshini kufanele ufakwe emgqeni wokunikezela ngokushesha ngemva kokushisa. Uma amandla e- generator yokushisa ephakeme, ama-valve amabili avunyelwe.
• I-valve yokuphepha emgodini wokubuyisa wesistimu yokushisa ifakwe kuphela ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo endaweni ephakeme kunazo zonke.
• Futhi, akuvumelekile ukunciphisa isiteshi ezindaweni eziphakathi kwe-valve oyinhloko ne-valve yokuvala akuvumelekile.
• Lahla amapayipi okukhishwa kwisistimu yomkhumbi noma enye indawo ephephile. Akuvumelekile ukufaka amadivaysi okuvala kulolu gqa.

Ukukhethwa

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza isinqumo esifanele se-valve yokuphepha yesistimu yokushisa, okuzovimbela ukupheka kwebhayili nokunciphisa ingcindezi. Ukuze i-valve isebenze kahle, kuyadingeka:

• Khetha imishini yasentwasahlobo lapho intwasahlobo iyakwenqaba ukucindezela komuntu opholile.
• Hlola ubukhulu kanye nohlobo lwedivayisi ukuze ingcindezi ohlelweni lokushisa engadluli amanani avunyelwe, ngoba kufanele isisize ukusebenza kwesistimu.
• I-valve evulekile kumele ikhethwe uma amanzi ekhishwa emkhathini, futhi avaliwe - uma amanzi ekhishwa emgqeni wokubuyisela.
• I-valve ephakanyiswayo ephansi futhi ephansi kufanele ikhethwe ngokucabangela ukungena.
• Uma uphonsa amanzi emkhathini, kunconywa ukufaka amadivaysi ohlobo oluvulekile. Ama-boilers aphethwe ngamafutha, ama-valves aphansi aphakanyiswe kufanele akhethwe, futhi ukuphakanyiswa okugcwele kwe-gas boilers.

Ukubalwa

Ukubalwa kwedivayisi yokuphepha kumele kwenziwe ngokuya nenqubo ethunyelwe ku-SNiP II-35 "Ukufakwa kwe-Boiler".

Njengoba abakhiqizi bengabonakali ngezici zobuchwepheshe ukuphakama kwangempela kwenduku, ekubaleni leli pharamitha lilingana no-1/20 ngobubanzi besithandwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ubukhulu be-valve njengomphumela walesi sibalo kuvezwe ngendlela ethile. Kunoma yikuphi, ngemuva kokukhetha idivayisi, kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa amandla okushisa kwesistimu yokushisa ngekhono eliphakeme eliphakanyisiwe ngencazelo yobuchwepheshe yesayizi ejwayelekile ekhethiwe.

Ukufakwa kwe-valve yokuphepha kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe uhlelo lokushisa olungaphezu kwezinga lokucindezela okungaphezu kwenani eliphezulu elivunyelwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukubalwa kwale divayisi kumele kuncishwe ukuba kubalwe ukwanda okungavumelekile kwevolumu yokupholisa futhi kunqume imithombo engenzeka yokucindezela ngokweqile.

Imithombo yokukhula kwevolumu ingasebenza njengo:

• Ukushisa ngokweqile kumthengisi wokushisa noma ubheyili okulandelwa yisizukulwane se-steam. Ngesikhathi se-vaporization, uketshezi luyakwazi ukwandisa ivolumu yalo ngezikhathi ezingu-461, ngakho-ke lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha i-valve.
• Umkhiqizo wesistimu yokulawula othomathikhi emigqeni yokuphakela kwe-boiler kanye nezinhlelo zokushisa ezizimele azikho okwenziwa. Lokhu kungase kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni i-valve.
• Isithwala sokushisa, ukushisa endaweni yokushintshanisa ukushisa noma ibhokisi lokubilisa, ukwanda ngevolumu. Uma ukufutheka, ukwanda okwenziwe ngevolumu kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-100 ° C, okuyi-4% kuphela, ngakho-ke uma ukhetha usayizi wedivayisi yalolu hlobo, lokhu akuyona iphuzu eliyisisekelo.

Imishini ekhethiwe kufanele inikeze kabusha inani elibalwe lokupholisa, ngokusho kwesici esibaluleke kakhulu sokukhula kwevolumu.

I-valve yokuphepha kuhlelo lokushisa: ukukhethwa

Ububanzi bokufakelwa kwe-valve ye-valve kumele kulinganiswe noma kukhulu kunebubanzi bombukiso otholiwe ekubalweni. Ngaphezu kokulingana nobubanzi bepayipi legatsha, kubalulekile ukuhlola idivayisi yokuphepha ukuze usethe kabusha ukwanda kokubalwa kumthamo wepholile lapho kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi umahluko omkhulu wezingcindezi phakathi kwamanani emgqeni wokukhishwa kanye nokuvulwa kwe-valve, inani elikhulu lomkhuhlane lizogeleza ngemishini yokuphepha.

Uma ukhetha le divayisi, kufanele futhi ukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuvulwa kwayo okuphelele kutholakala lapho ingcindezi yokushisa idlulela ngaphezu kwe-10% uma ikhushulwa, nokuvalwa okuphelele kufinyelelwa lapho ukucindezela kwehla ngaphansi kwepharamitha elingama-20%. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe imishini ngencishiswano yokusebenza ephakeme kunama-20-30% we-system real pressure.

Ubuningi bokuqokwa

Ukunqunywa kobuningi bokuthi le nsizakalo yokuphepha kwenziwa ngamasu akhethekile ayenziwe yi-state inspection. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, kunconywa ukumema ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe.

Uma kungenakwenzeka lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise isimiso esilandelayo: ububanzi be-valve akumele bube ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-unit boiler. Kulesi simo, kutholakala indawo ebalulekile, okuzoqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesistimu.

I-valve yokuphepha yesistimu yokushisa isethwe ngendlela yokuthi ingcindezi ebalulekile ingaphezu kwengcindezi yokusebenza cishe ngo-10-15%. Ukusebenza kahle kwedivayisi kungahlolwa ngokuyiphoqa ukuba ivule. I-valve yokuphepha yesistimu yokushisa kumele ihlelwe njalo ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokushisa.