I-Tsinandali - iwayini lemigodi. Amagilebhisi aseGeorgia

Yini iGeorgia ehlobene nayo? Yini efika kuqala lapho ukhuluma leli zwe? Izintaba eziqhwayo zaseCaucasus, uLwandle Olumnyama olufudumele, udansa oluqhakazile, abantu abanomoya wokungenisa izihambi kanye namajaji ngewayini elikhethekile elimnandi. Iwayini langempela leGeorgegia liyathululelwa ngumfula kuwo wonke amancane namakhulu amadili futhi nje lapho abangane behlangana. Ngena endlini eya esiGeorgia futhi ungaphuzi - kuyisimo esingenakucabangeka.

Amasiko wewayini

Ukwenza iwayini kungenakuqhathaniswa nokuxhunyaniswa nesiko nendlela yokuphila yalesi sifundazwe. I-Saperavi, napareuli, i-cinandali - iwayini lanoma yisiphi isifunda sinomlando wasendulo. Umlando wephunga le-tonic elivela emvinini libuyela emuva esikhathini esidala futhi lihlangene nomlando wezwe uqobo. Lokhu kuxhaswe ngokuthola okuvubukulo. Ukushicilelwa kwamagilebhisi omvini, izitsha ezinezinsalela zesiphuzo, izesekeli zokucindezela zitholakala ezingxenyeni zeBronze Age. Ukutshala izivini nokulungiselela amawayini, okuhlukile kuzo zonke ezisezweni, kwenzeka ensimini yaseGeorgia cishe iminyaka engu-8000! Odokotela baseGeorgia basebenzisa isiphuzo ukuze baphulukise izifo eziningi. Ngemva kokwamukelwa kobuKristu, iwayini yaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yamasiko enkolo. Mayelana nomvini newayini uhlabelela izingoma, ubhale izinkondlo kanye nezinganekwane.

Umvuzo wabaNkulunkulu

Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho uNkulunkulu enikela izindawo zokuhlala kubantu abahlukahlukene, iGeorgians enesimo sengqondo esinesimo esinezandla futhi engenalutho yayikhathele ukuma emgqeni omude. Bakhetha ukunciphisa isikhathi ngesidlo esikhulu newayini eliningi. Kulo msebenzi, baphuthelwe ukuphenduka kwabo. Lapho uNkulunkulu ebuza ngesizathu sokuthi sekwephuzile, baphendula ukuthi, ngokumemezela ama-toasts, badumisa uMdali nenjabulo yokuphila. UNkulunkulu waphendula wathi: "Awukho umhlaba ovundile, kunomkhawulo phakathi kwezintaba nolwandle, kodwa kuphela amagilebhisi angatshalwa khona." Ngempela, izimo zemvelo zaseGeorgia kwezolimo azifanelekile, kepha umvini uthola nje lokho okudingekayo ukwenza iwayini elivuthiwe elingenashukela: isimo sezulu esifanelekayo, ilanga, inhlabathi.

I-winemaking yaseGeorgia ezikhathini zanamuhla

Ukukhiqizwa kwezezimboni kuye kwachuma ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ukwakhiwa kwamadivaysi amasha nezinqubo ezintsha. Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho izinga lewayini lakwa-Georgian elahlekelwa khona. Kwenzeke phakathi nezinhlelo ezinyaka emihlanu, lapho kunakekelwa okungaphezulu kokuningi, hhayi izinga. Manje abakwa-Georgetown winemakers baqondisa amaphutha eminyaka edlule, iwayini labo liphinde linqobe izimakethe zaseYurophu. Ikhadi elivakashela lesi sifundazwe lithandwa kakhulu - tsinandali. Iwayini laseGeorgia libizwa ngezikhathi eziningi hhayi ngamagilebhisi, kodwa kusuka endaweni yokukhiqiza. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokuncintisana zihlukaniswa yizimo zabo zezulu nezimo eziphawulekayo. Mayelana nalokhu, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokukhiqizwa kwewayini buye kwathuthukiswa: iKakheti, Imeritinskaya, Racha-Lechkum, neYurophu.

Bavela kuphi iwayini laseGeorgia?

• I-Solar Kakheti yindawo yokuzalwa yase-akhasheni, i-munozani, i-manavi, i-kindzmarauli, i-cinandali (iwayini elomile elisuka kumagilebhisi alithola ilanga elanele).
• I-Imeretia - lesi sifunda esiphezulu sezinga eliphezulu nesimo sezulu esiphezulu sikhula izivini ngezivinini ezikhazimulayo.
• I-Carli - ngaphandle kokukhazimula kule ngxenye yaseGeorgia ikhiqiza i-dessert, iwayini letafula kanye ne-brandy.
• I-Racha-Lechkumi - idume elimnandi le-sweet Khvanchkara, i-Mujuretuli, i-Alexandrouli.

Ukuziqhenya kwama-winemakers

Iwayini, elithola ukuqashelwa okukhulu emibonisweni yamazwe kanye nemincintiswano, i-cynandali. Igolide le-10 nemali yesiliva engu-9 yimbangela eyinhloko yama-winemakers, okwamanje akukho namanye amawayini aseGeorgia akwazi ukuphinda abuyele.

I-Tsinandali - iwayini elimhlophe elimhlophe lombala okhanyayo, onamandla ka-10-12 ajika. Ukunambitheka kwalo kuyingqayizivele, akukhunjulwa, ngokufutheka okungavamile, okuvela ngemuva kokuguga okuphoqelekile kwesiphuzo emiphongolweni ye-oak.

Imisebenti inquma ukunambitheka kwezimbali zamapheya, i-citrus, i-apula, i-quince, izithelo ezishisayo. Abanye baze babone ukunambitheka kwamantongomane agwetshiwe.

Umlando we-tsinandali

Umlando wemvelaphi yalesi siphuzo saphezulu uyathandeka. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cyanandali (iwayini) efektri kwaqala ngo-1886 ekukhiqizeni, eyasungulwa ngu-Alexander Chavchavadze, indodakazi yakhe, uNina, eyengumkakhe womlobi odumile waseRashiya kanye nommeli ohlonishwayo u-Alexander Griboyedov.

Umzana onamagama afanayo useMfuleni wase-Alazani. Ifektri elitshalwe yiChavchavadze lisasebenza nanamuhla. Manje liyingxenye yomqhubi wewayini "Telav wine cellars".

Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwesiphuzo nokulima amagilebhisi, umndeni wawukuthanda ukuqoqa iwayini. Amabhodlela e-Glass anamawayini, amanye awo afika ekhulwini le-19, asinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Ifektri enezindawo ezinjalo eziyingqayizivele manje isebenza njengamamyuziyamu. Ukungena kwendawo yayo kuvulwe izivakashi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza iwayini

Ukungafani kwamavini amaningi aseGeorgia kunamathekisthi akhethekile okukhiqiza asetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka kule ndawo.

Ubuchwepheshe beKakheti abusetshenziswanga noma kuphi emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwe-Georgia. Umehluko ovela ebuchwepheni obuvamile baseYurophu yilokho akulona ijusi elihlanzekile elisetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa, kepha iphalishi esuka emajikijolo emhlabathini kanye nezikhumba namahlumela. Ngezinye izikhathi amaFulentshi ashiya izikhumba zamagilebhisi zokuvutshelwa, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwesonto. EKakheti, zombili izikhumba namagatsha ahlala ejusi kuze kube sekupheleni kwenqubo yonke yokuvutshelwa.

Ubuchwepheshe baseYurophu, lapho amajikijolo aphelelwa phansi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, isetshenziswa naseGeorgia futhi. I-Tsinandali yiwayini, eyenziwe ngale ndlela.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zamagilebhisi zisetshenziselwa i-cynandali. Inani elikhulu liwela eRkatsiteli futhi cishe u-15% - uMtsvane. Ngokuqukethwe kokushukela okuvela ku-19% amajikijolo kuza ukucubungula, lapho bathola khona ijusi lomvini elihlanzekile. Ngemva kokuvutshelwa, i-wort igcinwa imvubelo cishe izinyanga ezilodwa nesigamu. Kuze kube yilungele, iwayini kumele libe neminyaka okungenani iminyaka emithathu, isigamu sayo - emibhaleni ye-oki. Kuyi-saturation yale nkuni futhi inikeza ukunambitheka okukodwa kwe-tart.

I-Kvevri noma amavats?

Olunye uhlobo olujwayelekile lweGeorgia olwenziwe nge-winemaking ngu-Kvevri. Lesi yisibonakaliso esikhethekile sezwe, lapho ngisho nayo yonke iminyuziyamu nesikhumbuzo sinikezelwa. I-Kvevri - i-jugs ekhethekile yobumba, lapho iwayini ihamba khona. I-Pitchers ingcwatshwe emhlabathini entanyeni. Ukugcwaliswa kwejusi lamagilebhisi laseKvevri kuleso sikhathi sokubeka, i-pulp iphakama phezulu, futhi i-carbon dioxide igeleza ngokukhululekile. Ngemuva kokuba inqubo yokuvuthwa iphelelwe yisikhathi, iwayini lithelelwa emabhodleleni ezinkilazi noma emiphongolweni ye-oak yokugcina. Ngendlela, izakhamuzi zezintaba, ezingahlali phansi ngaphandle kwewayini etafuleni, aziqapheli iwayini emabhodleleni. Kubhekwa njengephunga langempela nokunambitheka kwesiphuzo, esilondolozwe esitsheni sezingodo noma zobumba bese sidliwa etafuleni emgqonyeni.

Ukukhiqizwa kwemboni yanamuhla kuqhubeka nokuya emazingeni aseYurophu futhi ukwenqaba iKvevri, ukukhetha amathangi ensimbi. Lokhu kuqondiswa yiqiniso lokuthi ubuchwepheshe bamuva kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kuvumela ukulawula okuqondile okushisa, ubheke izinqubo zokuvutshelwa. Yebo, futhi amakhosi wokwenza i-Kvevri efanele iyencane. Izingxabano mayelana nokuthi yini engcono kakhulu ukunambitheka okukhethekile - i-Kvevri noma i-vat yesimanje, thola abalandeli ezinhlangothi zombili, kodwa ama-tasters abesaqaphela ukuthi isiphuzo esivela kulezi zitsha ezahlukene asifani nokunambitheka nephunga elimnandi.

Ngesikhathi sokuphuza i-tsinandali?

Iwayini liyi-cyanandali eyomile eyomile, enenhlanganisela ekhethekile yobumnandi, intukuthelo kanye ne-acidity, enhle kakhulu izitsha ezivela ezinhlanzi nezinkukhu. Ukuhlanganiswa ngokuphelele ne-pasta, ushizi, izitsha zemifino ezishisayo. Ukushisa okuhle kokusetshenziswa yi-14 ^o C.

Mayelana nomonakalo nokuzuza

Lapho bekhuluma ngezinzuzo zewayini elomileyo elomileyo, bavame ukukhuluma ngewayini elibomvu. Noma kunjalo, omhlophe owomile, okwenziwe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho, akusizi ngalutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwayini elimhlophe, elisetshenzisiwe kahle, liphinde liqede kahle ukoma.

Iwayini elimhlophe liqinisa izitsha, livikele inhliziyo. Basiza nge-atherosclerosis, izifo ezithile zomuthi wamathunjini kanye nezifo eziphathelene nokunciphisa umzimba. Iwayini elimhlophe linconywa ukuthi i-anemia.

Ngokuqondene nomonakalo, iseluleko sinye: ukulinganisela kulungile kukho konke, nasekusetshenzisweni kweziphuzo eziphuza kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo, ukukhetha iwayini kufanele kuhambisane nemikhiqizo nemikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe. Into esemqoka - iwayini kufanele ibe yendalo, ngaphandle kwezithasiselo zotshwala noshukela.

Yini, kuphi nokuthi kungakanani?

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "iwayini elifanele"? Kuyisiphuzo esenziwe kusukela kumagilebhisi afanele avuna ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kwenziwa, ubuchwepheshe kanye nesikhathi sokuguga kubonakala.

Ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yabo iqinisekisiwe ngabakhiqizi abaziwayo nabafakazelwe, ngokwemvelo, umkhiqizo onjalo uyabiza. Ngakho-ke, ezitolo eziseTinandali intengo ishintsha kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-15 dollar ibhodlela. E-wineries ezincane zaseGeorgia noma ezivela kubakhiqizi abazimele, ungakwazi njalo ukuthenga iwayini elishibhile, kodwa kuphi isiqinisekiso sokuthi lokhu kuyisiphuzo esifanayo ofuna ukuzama. Kukhredithi yalabo abadumile emadolobheni asezindaweni zasemaphandleni ungathola iwayini langempela "elilungile", kepha uma ungewona ochwepheshe be-taster, kungcono ukusebenzisa iseluleko se-connoisseur eqinisekisiwe.