I-starter ayiphenduli ekuphenduleni ukhiye wokushisa, yini engingayenza? Umshini awuqali: izimbangela nokuqedwa kwazo

Uma u-starter engaphenduli ekuphenduleni ukhiye wokubasa, ungesabi, konke kulungile ngokuphelele. Izizathu, yiqiniso, lokhu kwenzeka kungaba okuningi, ngakho-ke udinga ukususa konke okungadingekile. Kuphela kulesi simo kuzokwazi ukuthola ukuthi yisiphi isizathu sokuziphatha okunjalo. Ukuze uthole ukuphazamiseka, akudingeki ukwazi kuphela uhlelo lokuqalisa injini, kodwa futhi ukuklama kokuqala. Ngendlela, ngokuqondile kuxhomeke kuyo ukuthi imoto izoqala kanjani. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa ukucubungula ukuhlola izimbangela eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle.

Uma uvula ukhiye, awukwazi ukuzwa noma iyiphi imisindo

Singasho ukuthi lesi yisibonakaliso esidabukisayo kakhulu. Uthi akukho mandla ahlinzekwa ekuqhumeni kwe-starter rotor. Esimweni esihle kunazo zonke, ukulayishwa kwe-retractor, okuvala oxhumana nabo amandla futhi kwenza uxhumano lwenjini yokuqala ku-crankshaft, kuhlulekile. Esimweni esinzima kakhulu, ukugqoka amabhulashi kwenzeka. Kule ndaba, ukuqeda ukuchithwa kwemishini kuyadingeka. Uma kwenzeka imoto ingaqali, imbangela kufanele kuqala itholakale ekuqaleni.

Ngamandla ebhethri e-zero, ngeke uzwe noma yikuphi umsindo kusukela ekuqaleni. Noma kunjalo, isibonakaliso sokuqala sokungasebenzi kahle kuyoba ukungabi khona kokukhanya kwezibani. Ezimweni eziningi, kwanele ukushaja ibhethri. Ukushintshwa kokuqala kungavamile kakhulu, njengoba kulula ukulungisa. Ukushintshwa kwenziwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma kukhona ukubhujiswa kwegobolondo, ukubukeka kwemifantu kuso. Uma kungekho voltage isetshenziswa ku-windings, ukuguqulwa kabusha kokudlulisa kabusha kuvame ukulondolozwa.

I-starter iyajikeleza, kodwa ayiyikuguqula i-crankshaft

Uma umshini ungaqali, i- starter iyashintsha, futhi i-flywheel ingapheli, bese kwenzeka amaphutha amaningana. Okokuqala ukubhujiswa kwe-bendix. Isekelwe ekubambeni okweqisayo, okuvumela igesi ukuba lijikeleze ngesinye isiqondiso esisodwa. Noma yikuphi ukubhujiswa kwalesi simiso kubangela ukuthi i-torque e-flywheel ayidluliselwa.

Isizathu sesibili ukubhujiswa kwamazinyo emgqeni we-flywheel. Ukuhlukana akuyona into emnandi, njengokungena esikhundleni salesi sici kuhambisana nokususwa kwebhokisi legiya kuzo zonke izimoto. Isizathu sesithathu yi-chain evulekile noma i-belt timing. Isibonakaliso salokhu ukujikeleza okusheshayo kwe-rotor yokuqala ne-crankshaft. Awukho umthwalo omkhulu osebenzayo we-valve. Kodwa lokhu ukwehluleka kokuqala akusebenzi, ngakho ngeke sikhulume ngakho.

Uma isiqalo sichofoza

Izinkinga ngokuqala injini zingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa ngokuvamile zivame ebusika uma kubanda. Iqiniso liwukuthi ibhethri ilahlekelwa amandla lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya oluzungezile linciphisa. Ngenxa yalokho, ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinqubo zokunikezwa kwamandla ezidingekayo, okufaka ukuqala. Futhi uma ibhethri iphansi, u-starter ngeke akwazi ukuphenya, uzozwa ukuchofoza komlayini wokubuyisela, oxhumana nabo abangakwazi ngisho nokuvala.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwale node kukhulu kakhulu - ngenkathi ukukhipha kungafinyelela inani lama-Amperes angu-50-80. Futhi uma kwenzeka isigamu esifushane, sigijima kuze kube ngu-700-800 amperes ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenzeka uma i-crankshaft iphenduka ngokuqinile noma ingaphenduki nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sezulu esibanda, lapho amafutha eba mkhulu, ukugoqa kuyaba nzima, okwamanje ukuhamba, ibhethri ihlala ngokushesha kakhulu.

Izibani kudeshibhodi ziphuma uma uvula ukhiye

Uma le nkinga ivela, umshayeli kufanele ahlelwe ngokugcwele. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ne-injini, njengokuphazamiseka kungadlulela kuyo. Isizathu salokhu kuziphatha kuyisigamu esifushane ku-starings starter. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-crankshaft igxilile futhi ayikwazi ukushintshanisa, noma izindlu zokuqala zibhujiswa futhi i-rotor ayihambisani. Ngenxa yalokho, umshini awuqali. Izizathu zithi amandla e-windings ayondliwa.

Uma uzama ukusebenzisa i-voltage ku-starter isikhathi eside ngokuvula ukhiye, othintana nabo bazoshisa. Lokhu kuzokwandisa kuphela izindleko zokulungiswa. Into yukuthi ucingo lwamandla oluhle luya kusuka ku-retractor relay ngqo kusuka ebhethri. Ayikho amazinga wokuvikelwa, ngakho-ke, uma kuvalwa, ukuvalwa kokuphela kwazo zonke izinqubo kwenzeka. Uma u-starter engaphenduli ekujikelezweni kwesihluthulelo sokubasa, futhi izibani ziphuma, yonke into isesigabeni esifushane.

Ihlola ukulayishwa kokuqala nokubuyisela kabusha

Ukuze uhlole, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi ibhethri inezinga elanele lokushaja, ukuphela kwe-flywheel kuhambelani, futhi ibhande lesikhathi asikhiphi. Okokuqala udinga ukuhlola uma i-retractor isebenza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka ucingo oluncane kulo. Kuyo uxhuma isibani se-incandescent, isiphetho sesibili sesixhumanisi nokuxhuma kwe-accumulator. Uma ukhiye wokukhanyisa uphendukela esimweni esiphezulu, isibani kufanele siqede.

I-starter ayiphenduli ekuphendukeni kwekhiya lokubamba umlilo lapho kwenzeka ukuthi kube nekhefu ekuqhumeni komlayini wokubuyisela. Uma isibani singaboni, bheka ukungasebenzi ngendlela yokukhiya. Uma isibani sivuliwe futhi umgogodla wokudlulisa awukhiphi ukukhishwa, khona-ke kukhona i-breaking winding. Ukulungiswa akuyona into enengqondo, kulula ukubuyisela ngokuphelele i-retractor. Ukuze uqiniseke, ungase futhi uvale imiphumela emibili edluliselwayo nge-screwdriver. Yenza lokhu kuphela uma isivinini esingathathi hlangothi sivuliwe.

Ungasusa kanjani ukuqala

Ukuze ususe isiqalo, udinga ukhiye owodwa we-13. Yiqiniso, kwezinye izimoto kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ikhanda ngo-13 ngekhadian kanye nentambo yokwelulwa. Susa inkinobho ye- VAZ 2101-2107 inenkinga, ngoba nut ephansi kakhulu itholakala endaweni engakhululekile. Abanikazi abaningi bamamodeli akhethiwe wezimoto ekuhlanganiseni bamane nje abaphihli umuthi. Eqinisweni, lezi ziboshwa azigcini ngalokhu. Kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile kungabangela ukukhishwa kwecala.

Emotweni yeVAZ yamamodeli asekupheleni kwesikhathi, isibonelo, 2108-21099, ukungabi nalutho akukhona. Wonke amantongomane anganqatshwa ngisho ne-spanner. Nokho, esimweni sokujola injector kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwesinye icebo - isihlungi somoya siphazamisa. Ukukhipha kusukela kumakhamera we-raber kuyinto enkingeni, ngakho-ke okuqalayo kufanele kususwe kusuka ngezansi. Akunakunqotshwa ukuthi asuswe kumamodeli we-carburetor ngendlela efanayo.

Ukuqala kokuqala kokuqala

Akukhathazi ngempela uma u-Iskra oqala noma omunye usetshenziselwa uhlelo lokuqalisa injini. Zihlelwa cishe okufanayo, ngoba ukuklama kwawo konke kufana. Emva kokuqeda idivayisi emotweni kuyadingeka ukuyihlanza uthuli nokuthungatha. Khona-ke, usebenzisa izinkinobho ku-8 noma ku-10, futhi futhi nezibukovu, uphazamise amantongomane amabili lapho ikhava yangemuva ifaka khona. Ngaphansi kwalo ukuphela kwe-rotor.

Ungasheshi ukukhipha izingxenye zokuqala, ngoba kukhona i-circlip ku-rotor. Kumele kuqala ususwe, bese uvala izibopho ezimbili ezibekwe ku-diagonal efanayo. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi umehluko omncane ungatholakala kumamodeli amabili aqalayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, hlala ngokucophelela ukuqala ekuqaleni kwezinxenye ezintathu. I-rotor kufanele ihlale esembozweni sangaphambili. Ukuze ususe ngokuphelele, udinga ukususa i-circlip ne-bendix.

Yiziphi izakhi okudingeka zishintshwe?

Uma wenza ukulungiswa okukhulu kwe-starter, kubalulekile ukushintsha cishe zonke izakhi zalo. Esikhathini esingemuva isembozo sebhesi, esenza ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwamandla kube khona ekuqhumeni kwe-rotor. Kusukela esimweni sakhe kuncike uma kungenjalo konke, ngakho-ke. Njengoba igebe elikhulu eliphakathi kwe-rotor kanye nomkhono, ukuhanjiswa kukagesi kubi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu lamanje lizolahleka.

Ukushicilela ukufaka esikhundleni kuyimpoqo. Leli yindwangu elungele ukuxubana nokubhujiswa ngenxa yalo. Kwamanye amamodeli aqalayo lo msebenzi awukwazi ukwenziwa, ngoba axhunyiwe ngokuxhuma emandleni. Ngakho-ke, ngokugqoka okuqinile komhlangano webhayisikili, udinga ukuluma izintambo. Emva kwalokho ama-brushes amasha ayiswa ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Ngeshwa, le ndlela yokulungisa ayithembekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma umshayeli engaphenduli ekuphenduleni ukhiye wokushisa, kufanele udluliselwe ngaphezulu. Futhi ngale njongo, i-bendix entsha iyimpoqo.

Ungayithatha kanjani indawo yomqhele wendiza?

Leliphutha eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengoba ukuqedwa kwalo kubangela isidingo sokususa ibhokisi legiya. Inqubo enjalo kunzima kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi lapho kwenzeka khona ibhokisi elingakaze lisuswe noma liqedwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngokuvamile isibonakaliso sokuphazamiseka okunjalo yisisindo sensimbi esivela eceleni. Ukususa umqhele ngokwawo nokufaka entsha kuthatha isikhathi esincane.

Kwezinye izimo, awudingi ngisho nokuthenga okusha. Kwanele ukususa elidala, uliphendule bese ulibeka endaweni yalo. Kodwa ukufaka kungabangela ubunzima obuncane. Okokuqala, udinga ukufudumala umqhele emlilweni ovulekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuvele kufane kwi-flywheel. Lapho insimbi ipholile, iyancipha, uxhumano luba namandla kakhulu. Nokho, akukho lutho olubi uma imoto ingaqali. Yini okufanele uyenze ngokuqala kanye nezinhlelo zayo, usuyazi kakade. Ungakhohlwa ukufeza isondlo ngesikhathi, khona-ke ngeke kube khona "izimanga" kahle.