I-Bazarduzi Intaba: incazelo, izici, isithombe

Intaba yaseBazarduzu iyinhloko enkulu ye-flowhed ridge ye-Greater Caucasus futhi isemngceleni weDagestan ne-Azerbaijan; Iyaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi yiyona ndawo engeningizimu yeRussia. Ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha angu-4466. I-Bazarduzu yiyona node yokugcina ye-ridge ye-Main Caucasus, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ukunciphisa kancane kancane ukukhululeka sekuvele kubonisiwe. Emithambekeni yale nhlanhla, inani elikhulu lamagumbi, okufaka phakathi ezinye izibambiso ze-Samur, zivela. Intaba yaseBazarduzu (izixhumanisi ezingezansi) inesimo esithile esithile, okuyi-nival-glacial nokukhuphuka kwamanzi. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yalesi massif kukhona imidwebo ebonakalayo yesikhumba samanje seqhwa. Futhi kukhona izinqubo ze-weathering, ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni kosizo. Ihlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwemibono emithambekeni, ama-placers ajulile nama-niches niches. Izigodi zalesi sihloko zibhekwa ngokujulile (kuze kufike ku-1500 m), kanye namagorji afana ne-U. Izigodi ezihamba phambili zihlukile, ngoba ama-slope awo awanamaphutha, angaba ngu-400 m futhi abe nobude bamakhilomitha angu-9. Ububanzi belezi zigodi bungaphezu kuka-200 m. Intaba yaseBazarduziu inendawo enkulu ye-glaciation: ngokweminye imininingwane - cishe ngo-4 km ² .

Ama-glaciers

Ama-glaciers e-Bazarduzu yiqembu elimpumalanga lama-formations hhayi nje kuphela esifundeni seDagestan, kodwa nase-Main Caucasus. Enyakatho yalesi siqongo kukhona amanye amabili - iThicarcar ne-Murkar, enamagama amahlanu okulenga ama-lobate. Okufinyeleleka kakhulu yi-glacier yaseThitsar, engaphansi kwekhilomitha ubude futhi cishe ngamamitha angu-200 ububanzi.

I-flora nezilwane

Naphezu kwezimo ezinzima zokuphila, umhlaba wezilwane ophakeme kakhulu njengezintaba zeBazarduziu uhlala ucebile futhi uyingqayizivele. Kulesi sihloko, i-roe deer, i-chamois nezinkomo ezinkulu zohambo lwe-Dagestan zigcinwe. Ezindaweni ezilukhuni zokufinyelela, ama-glaciers asezintabeni ahlangana nezintaba zezintaba. Ngaphansi kwalolu ntaba kukhona amahlathi aluhlaza, lapho abelusi bendawo bedla khona imfuyo. I-chestnut ekhanyayo kanye nenhlabathi eyisihlabathi enomhlabathi ikhona endaweni ephansi, ehlathini elisezintabeni nasezindaweni zomkhonto emagqumeni . Isimo sezulu kulesi sifundazwe sibanda ngokweqile, sibonakaliswe emazingeni okushisa waminyaka yonke, kokubili ezintabeni nasenyakatho. Futhi emagqumeni kukhona ukushintshashintsha okubukhali kwansuku zonke kanye nokwehluleka kokugcoba, njengezimo zezulu ezingxenyeni eziphakeme njengeBazarduziu Mountain. Izixhumanisi zendawo zichaza lokhu. Ukushisa okuphezulu kwesifunda akudluli kuma-C ⁰ angu-20, ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu ukuphakama okuphelele ku-35-40 degrees Celsius. Ukunciphisa ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziphansi kuguquka cishe ku-350-400 mm, ezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-3, lesi sibalo singaphezu kuka-1000 mm.

Izixhumanisi ze-Geographic of Mount Bazarduziu

Kwabaningi, i-Bazarduzi yiyona ndawo eqondile yaseRussia. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqinisekile, unikezwe idatha esemthethweni endaweni yayo (41 ° N no 47 ^° E), kuvele kucace ukuthi le nkulumo ayitholakali emngceleni wamandla amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabonakala kunoma yiliphi ibalazwe le-satellite. Cishe, leli phutha lalingenxa yokuthi esikhathini esidlule intaba yayimpawu ezicacile endaweni efanayo. Futhi ukuze uthole ukuthi i-Bazarduzu ikhona kuphi, kufanele kusetshenziswe imephu eqondile yebalazwe.

Amanzi

Ngenxa yezintaba zaseCaucasus, futhi kuqala ku-Bazarduzi, ukwakha iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezi-3 eMfuleni iSamur kanti izimboni zayo ezivela kule nhlanhla zihlelwe ensimini yeDagestan. Futhi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-100 edlule, inani elikhulu lamachibi amasha livele kulesi sifundazwe, esisezintabeni ezingxenyeni zezintaba zamagquma. Engxenyeni yeCaucasus, wonke amachibi angokwemvelo yasolwandle futhi asezindaweni ezimile. Amagumbi asempumalanga engxenyeni ye-massif egeleza, ehlathini - amanzi angaphakathi nejulile. Emanzini amaningi kule ndawo, iziphethu zamaminerali zigeleza.

Isihloko

Ngenxa yendawo yayo, phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili, le ndawo isikwaziwa ngokuthi uphawu lomngcele, yingakho kule ndawo ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona indawo enkulu emakethe ngaphansi kwalesi sikhulu. Ngisho negama elithi "Bazarduzi" elivela ezilimini zeTurkic ne-Azerbaijani lihunyushwe ngokuthi "isikwele semakethe". Izimboni ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zaziqhutshwa minyaka yonke esigodini sase-Shahnabad, hhayi nje kuphela abantu basezindaweni ezizungezile abahlala kuzo, kodwa nabomakhelwane: ama-Armenia, amaGeorgia, amaPheresiya, ama-Arabhu, amaJuda, amaTakakhur, ama-Kumyks, amaNdiya kanye nezinye izizwe eziningi. I-Lezgins yendawo ebizwa ngokuthi ingqungquthela ethi "Kichensuv", okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "intaba yokwesaba".

Njengoba intaba i-Bazarduzu iyinhloko phakathi kwezinganekwane, ingabonakala ngisho namakhilomitha ayishumi nambili. Ezikhathini zama-Middle Ages abahamba kulezi zindawo baqondiswa yiyo kuphela.

Ukunqotshwa kweNtaba

Isikhungo sokuqala esisemthethweni futhi esibhalwe phansi kule ntaba, indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Azerbaijan, isenyuka yabaphathi bamazwe aseRussia ngo-1847, eholwa nguK. Alexandrov, umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukufaka umbhoshongo wokuqothula phezulu. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, intaba yathathwa amaNgisi amabili. Isazi-mlando esidumile uG. Anokhin naye unqobile lo mzila. Enyakatho-mpumalanga yezintaba yi-pass "Karanlig". Ngenxa yokukhululeka kwayo, ikuvumela ukuba unqobe indlela elula kakhulu, ngoba inemithambeka emincane kakhulu.

Namuhla, intaba yeBazarduzu (isithombe esisehlokweni) iyindawo enhle kakhulu yokukhuphuka kwezintaba, ukuheha lesi sici isibalo esikhulu sezivakashi. Eduze unyawo kunenqwaba yamakamu alpine, ahlinzeke ngezinkonzo zokuqeqesha ezikhuphuka.