I-Barometer - iyini? I-apparatus yokulinganisa ukucindezela kwe-atmospheric

I-Barometer, iyini? Le divayisi iklanyelwe ukuba ilandele ukuguquguquka komfutho womoya. Ubuningi bomhlaba wethu buyingxenye yamashumi amakhilomitha. Ukuxubana kwamagesi ahlanganisiwe kuwo kuyahlukahluka emzimbeni omncane, nokho, kulezi zindleko eziphawulekayo, umthwalo obalulekile ophezulu owenziwa kuyo. Eqinisweni, umuntu akavami ukuzwa lokho, ngoba unomthelela wokuzivumelanisa nomphumela walesi sici. Noma kunjalo, leli xabiso liyiqiniso ngempela ukulinganisa.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwamadivayisi alula

Idivaysi elula yokulinganisa ingcindezi ye-atmospheric (AD) iyisidingo esilula esakhiwe nge-tube encane enezingilazi ezincane kanye ne-mercury filler. Omunye wamasayizi ajwayelekile wedivayisi: i-tube 1 mm ebanzi nengamakhulu ayisentimitha ubude.

Uma uvala isitsha sivaliwe, bese uvula ingxenye, khona-ke inani elithile le-mercury liyosuswa, futhi ingxenye ethile izohlala ngaphakathi. Okuqukethwe kwensimbi yensimbi kuzokwehla kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi yangaphakathi neyangaphandle igxilile.

I-Aneroid ne-mercury idivayisi

I-barometer engavumelekile, iyini? Empeleni, umsebenzi wale divayisi ucabangela ukucutshungulwa nge-case metal metal ngezindonga zama-wavy, lapho umoya uphonswa khona.

Izindonga ezithintekayo zebhokisi ngokucindezela ukugoba, ukugoba, nokunciphisa - khupha ngaphandle. Indlela ekhethekile yamakamelo okusebenza ihlotshaniswa nomcibisholo. Kubonisa ukubaluleka komfutho wezombangazwe esikhaleni esiphakeme esikhaleni se-mercury.

Insimbi yokulinganisa ingcindezi yasemkhathini i-flask enekhamera efana ne-U ene-mercury filler. Izinkomba zihlukaniswa umehluko kokuqukethwe esigabeni esikhulisiwe nesincane se-bulb.

Ngesizo sama-barographs, ukuhlukahluka kokucindezela kwegazi kuqoshwe ku-tape ku-unit esebenzayo yedrama. Amanani alinganisiwe alotshwe ngamamitha (mm Hg) noma ama-millibars (mbar).

I-Barograph

Khona-ke i-barograph ihanjiswa. Umbuzo - i-barometer, ukuthi kuyini kulokhu kulungiselelwa, ungaphendula - yirekhodi-irekhoda yokulungiswa njalo kwengcindezi yomoya. Isenzo saso sisekelwe ekuguqukeni kwegazi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-deformation idluliselwa yi-system kudivayisi. Lapho kufundwa ukufundwa, amabhokisi akhanyiswa, ipeni ipeni likhuphuka, futhi uma ukucindezela kwekamelo kunciphisa, isithwathwa sokulawula siba sikhulu, futhi irekhodi liqondisa phansi. Ukufundwa kokucindezelwa okugxilwe kukhishwa kwi-tape ekhethiwe ephepheni, ephethwe ngodubhu ojikelezayo.

Ukuqeda ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuthinta ukunemba kokufundwa, ama-capacitors kusuka ku-bimetal afakwe kumadivayisi. Amadivaysi afakwa ngaphandle kokushisa imishini futhi kufanele avikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Indlela yewashi yenzelwe usuku noma isonto.

Izici zokusetshenziswa

Ukufundwa kwe-barometer kubhalwe ngokushintsha izinguquko ezimweni zezulu ezindaweni ezihlukene, ngoba ingcindezi yomoya ingumumo oguquguqukayo, owaziwa ngezifundo zesikole emlandweni wemvelo.

Ngesimo sezulu esihle, esivuthayo nesingenamandla, i-barometer iphakanyiswe ngodonga noma i-tabletop ibonisa izindinganiso eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, ngokunciphisa idatha esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukupholisa noma ukupholisa kulindeleke.

Idivayisi ekhona ngaphakathi kwendlu isebenza kahle njengesikhala esingagcini ngamakholi, izindonga kanye nezicingo. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kungashintsha ukufundwa kwedivayisi, ngoba ingcindezi izobe isezansi phansi kwesishiyagalolunye futhi iphakeme kunamazinga aphansi kwesakhiwo esisodwa.

Idivayisi yokulungisa ukuphakama

Ukuphakama okuphakanyisiwe phezulu, kwehlisa izinkomba zokucindezela zekholomu yomoya. Ukuvulwa okuvulwayo kusetshenziselwa izinsimbi zendiza ezikhomba ukuphakama kwezindiza. Amadivayisi anjalo abizwa ngokuthi ama-altimeters.

Ngokungangabazeki, imiphumela yezinto zokuqala, hhayi izitsha eziphelele kakhulu, ezihluka kakhulu ezizindeni zesimo sezulu, ngoba izimo zezulu ezimbi zahambisana nokudonsa phansi kwengcindezi, ngokulandelana, ukufundwa kwezinsimbi kwakubonisa idatha ekhudlwana kunokwamaqiniso. Ukuze ulungise ukufundwa okulungile, imingcele ephumayo kufanele ilungiswe. Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-altimeters yesimanje sehlukile - asisebenzisi ingcindezi yasemkhathini ukukala ukuphakama.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani?

Iwashi ene-barometer nezinye izinhlobo zamadivaysi idivayisi ye-pointer enezinga eliyindilinga noma elilinganayo lapho kunezigaba. Ukulinganisa kuthathwa ngamamitha ayi-mercury.

Ngamanani ka 750-760 mm Hg. Art. Esikhathini esizayo, ilanga elihle elimangalisayo kulindeleke, elingeke livimbele ukuhamba, uhambo oluya emvelweni, indawo yokuhlala ehlobo. Ngokwehla kwesibonakaliso se-barometer ngezansi kwe-750, kunokwenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuwa okuqhubekayo, okusho ukulindela isimo sezulu esingenakulinganiswa, ukupholisa ngokuzumayo nokuchithwa okukhulu.

Ukuqapha ukucindezeleka kwegazi kubalulekile kulabo ababhekene negazi eliphezulu. Phakathi nezinkathi zokuguqulwa okubucayi kwalesi sibonakaliso, abantu abanjalo bancike ekuwohlokeni kwesimo sezempilo. Ulwazi mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubalulekile kubo ngenxa yokuthatha isikhathi esifanele imithi, kulondoloze ukusebenza kwayo kanye nempilo.

Izibonelo zanamuhla

Manje izinkomishi ze-barometric noma i-siphon zivame ukusetshenziswa. Emagcini ahleliwe anezikhwama ezikhokhelwayo, ingcindezi yomkhathi ibalwa ngqo kusuka esikhundleni se-mercury kwisitsha seglasi.

Ezingxenyeni zezinkambo, ngaphambi kokuqala ukubonwa, izinga le-mercury esitsheni esikhwameni se-zero kuqala kulungiswa ngokusebenzisa isikhunta esilawulayo. Kudivayisi yama-siphon-cup, ukubaluleka kwe-AD kulinganiswa umehluko ekuphakameni kwekholomu endaweni evulekile nevulekile. Idivayisi enjalo ibala ukufundwa kungakapheli amakhulu amahlanu. Ukunquma okweshumi kwekholomu, iphethini yensimbi yeselula isetshenziswa.

Imiphumela etholakalayo yenombolo yomfutho womoya yanikezwa itafula elikhethekile kuya ku-degrees Celsius. Ukufunda kokushisa kungabalulekile. Naphezu kwezinhlobo ze-barometers, zifakwe emithonjeni yokushisa (ama-ovens, ama-heaters, ilanga eliqondile), futhi zibuye zivule ukuvuleka komnyango nezindwangu.

Izici

Idivayisi esetshenziswe ingasetshenziswa ku-design elula neyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, iwashi ene-barometer inemisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukungaphumeleli kwamanzi, kufika kumamitha angu-50-100.
• Ukuzinza kwemithelela nemithonya yemikhumbi, ebalulekile kubadobi, abazingeli nabathandi bokuzilibazisa ngokweqile.
• I-barometer ikuvumela ukuba ubikezele izinguquko emoyeni wengcindezi nesimo sezulu ngokujwayelekile.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwashi likwazi ukuhlonywa nge-thermometer, backlight, ikhampasi ngisho nomkhumbi, okwenza kube lula ukuhlala endaweni engajwayelekile.

Kumbuzo othi "I-Barometer, yikuphi lokhu?" Ungaphendula ngokuqinisekile - le divayisi ibaluleke kakhulu kubahambi, abadobi, abazingeli kanye nabasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngcezu ekusetshenzisweni komkhaya ikuvumela ukuba ubikezele ngokunembile ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu, okubalulekile kubantu abanezifo zesimiso senhliziyo nesesisindo.