Habitat ciliate-izicathulo futhi ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wayo

Lesi silwane, negama elikhanyayo esimnandi, wonke umuntu uyakhumbula kusukela uhlelo esikoleni. Habitat ciliate-izicathulo unesibopho izinqubo eziningi zokuphila yayo. Izici isakhiwo futhi izitho zomzimba umzimba kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

Habitat ciliate-izicathulo: incazelo

Ngokuthi owumphumela umzimba, kuseli eyodwa ukuthi sifana ematheni izicathulo, lingatholakala kuphela emanzini angajulile fresh. Ciliate ukhetha emi emanzini, equkethe degradable izinto ezivela ezintweni eziphilayo izinsalela. ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo enjalo ciliate-izicathulo (isithombe ngezansi sikhombisa ukuma cell) kuyivumela ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa ziyofuna ukudla.

Indlela yokutshala ciliates

Ciliates iseli unamahlangothi ngokwanele ezinkulu ukuze amalungu aleli qembu taxonomic - kuze kufinyelele 0.5 mm. Kodwa-ke kuhle ukucabangela kuphela ngesibonakhulu. Uma unquma ukwenza lokhu, amasampula kungaba ukulungele ukuthatha ngisho aquarium evamile.

Khulisa isiko ciliates ngokuzimela ngaphansi amandla ngamunye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha base - ingcosana yamanzi aquarium noma endaweni engasogwini kwesigubhu. Beka iconsi ketshezi-slide engilazi uhlole ngesibonakhulu. Uma uthola ciliates, kulolu hlaka ingasetshenziswa. Okulandelayo, uketshezi kumele ibekwe ingilazi, futhi nhlangothi zombili - lamanzi okumsulwa kanye nosawoti. Ngemuva yokuxhuma konke ngosizo okufanayo, ukwakha ibhuloho okuthiwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ciliates izoya ku ngamanzi acwebileyo. Isiko ukuthi pipetted afakwe esitsheni okwanda - kungaba yiliphi ibhangi ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Ukuze ukukhula infusoria kudingekile isixazululo izakhi. Ukuze wenze lokho, udinga ukuthatha hay kancane futhi ubilise imizuzu engu-20 e elilodwa lamanzi. Ngemva kwalokho, kuphela ezinhlamvu bazosala isixazululo hay imbewu eletha, ngenkathi zonke ezinye izilwanyana ezincane ziyafa. ketshezi okuholela kudingeka izinsuku 3 ukuze wehlise umoya. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lezinhlamvu ukuthuthukisa hhoyi imbewu eletha, okuzoba ukudla ephelele ciliates. Lezi unicellular futhi kungenziwa bondliwa abilisiwe, noma ubisi nemvubelo akhiphe ayahwamuka kuze hydrolysis. Wazi kanjani ukuthi wena kudingeka sizondle infusoria? Uma ketshezi in the ebhodweni iba esobala, sekuyisikhathi sokudla.

ciliates ukunyakaza

Aquatic olwenzeka endaweni ciliate-izicathulo kuyivumela ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa. It lucwaningo le nqubo ngosizo organelles ezikhethekile - cilia. Phezu kobuso omunye ciliates imayelana ayizinkulungwane 15. Imizamo yabo emikhulu ivumela kakhulu ukufinyelela ijubane 3 mm / s.

Umsebenzi ufana cilia ukunyakaza izigwedlo noma a pendulum. Organelle ukunyakaza liphuma ngokucijile, bese kancane ubuyela kwisayithi. Omunye infusorian yesibili kwenza ukunyakaza efana nedlanzana ezimbalwa. Ciliate ushukumisela sekupheleni blunt wokuqala, ngenkathi uzungeza ahlangene umzimba.

amandla kagesi

Ngu uhlobo lokudla umzimba iqembu heterotrophic. Umthombo izinto ngomumo eyenziwe organic - engokwemvelo ye ciliate-izicathulo. Amandla ihlinzekwa usebenzisa vacuoles ezikhethekile. A isisekelo yokudla namangqamuzana amagciwane izitshalo, inombolo enkulu etholakala amanzi angcolile. infusorian yabo ithumba nge encane ushona - iseli ingaphakathi.

Okulandelayo ukudla ingena uqhoqhoqho uhlobo futhi kule cytoplasm. Babalelwa ku-ke uqala ukwakha vacuole wokugaya ukudla, lapho inqubo eqhekeza. Izinto kuleli organelle wadalula enzyme hydrolytic. Undigested izinsalela zokudla isuswa cell ngokusebenzisa ciliates imbobo - poroshitsu.

umzimba

Habitat ciliate-izicathulo uketshezi nge okuqukethwe ezithile izinto ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nosawoti. Esikhathini cytoplasm iningi ingqondo lincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amanzi njalo enikeziwe kusukela imvelo esitokisini.

Ukulawulwa kwale nqubo Kwenziwa izindlela ka contractile vacuoles. Kuseli, ciliates ezimbili: ngemuva kanye phambi ekupheleni umzimba. Lokhu onesigqi ingaphakathi round, okuyindawo radially kuzo zonke izinhlangothi suka tubules. vacuole Contractile silondoloze ingcindezi osmotic ezingeni njalo.

Negesi lokushintshisana infusoria kwenziwe kulo lonke ebusweni nomzimba. Oxygen engena cytoplasm ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi. Lapha, i-namachibi izinto eziningi eziphilayo kwenzeka lapho kukhululwa amandla, amanzi nesikhutha. Imikhiqizo umzimba ziphinde zisuswe ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi.

zizalela Izindlela

Zonke izinqubo zokuphila icacisa olwenzeka endaweni ciliate-izicathulo. Lokuzaliswa akuyona ngaphandle. Ngakho, ngesikhathi ukhululekile lokushisa ciliates amaseli ahlukaniswe ezimbili. Le nqubo iqala nengaphakathi kwasani. Ngamunye iseli indodakazi uthola ingxenye kuphela yemali ababeyitholile organelles kanye olahlekile ziyakhokhwa.

Ngu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi noma yokuntuleka kokudla, ciliates wabe inqubo ngokobulili. Ibizwa ngokuthi conjugation. Ngakho ciliates ezimbili bukhomba nomunye, kwakhiwa cytoplasmic ibhuloho therebetween. Ngokusho ke, kukhona exchange kolwazi zofuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, inani labamemezeli aliguquki. Ukubaluleka kwalesi nqubo ukubuyekeza impahla ngofuzo, okwandisa kakhulu nezimo eziphawula izinto eziphilayo.

Amanzi ciliate-izicathulo olwenzeka endaweni inikeza izimo ezidingekile ukuqaliswa kwazo zonke izinqubo imisebenzi yayo esibalulekile: ukunyakaza asebenzayo, umsoco heterotrophic, emishinini yokuphefumula aerobic kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza.