Graphite: Ukuqeda lokushisa, Properties futhi Izicelo

Graphite libhekisela namaminerali yizinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ekusebenziseni esisebenzayo. Kuyisiko ukupha abashadayo iyihlanganise ne ndaba Umbala, kodwa lokhu akugcini ikhono lawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo hhayi umuntu angakhuluma wonke jikelele koHlelo ukusetshenziswa kwale nto, ngenxa yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu egqinsiwe futhi inquma kwenkululeko isicelo. Ingasaphathwa isidingo ukucutshungulwa izimo ezikhethekile. Iqiniso lokuthi lokuncibilika graphite e degrees Celsius ongafinyelela 2800 ° C, edinga ukuzibandakanya zosizo ezikhethekile womshini imikhiqizo yokugcina.

izakhiwo graphite

Phakathi eziyisisekelo ukusebenza izici amaminerali walulama conductivity ezishisayo, ikhono lokwenza wokuba umbhidisi kagesi kanye umsungulo isakhiwo, okuyinto Nokho, akuyona plus graphite izihloko njalo. Mayelana conductivity ezishisayo, kungase sifinyelele 2400 W / (m * K) noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kulinganisela incike isakhiwo kanye kwabantu into. Okubalulekile, graphite, izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika ukuthi kuhluka uhla 2500 - 3000 ° C, kuba isakhiwo ethambile. Lokhu kungaba usizo ukuvezwa eminye izakhiwo yezimbiwa wire, kodwa ukwelashwa ukushisa kakhulu kunciphisa ngokomzimba amandla izici. Ngenxa yalokho, graphite kungaba njengoba nomphumela njengoba insimbi enqubeni kagesi, kodwa ngenxa fragility kuyoba ingasebenziseki ngendlela operation manual kakhulu.

amaminerali reactivity futhi ezahlukene nabo izinto esisheshayo, kuhlanganise nosawoti kanye izinsimbi alikhali. Nokho, lokhu kuncike kule mibandela e okuyinto graphite. Iphuzu ukuncibilika mayelana 2800 ° C (lapho amaminerali is wasithukuthelela oksijini) kungaholela omlilo ukuze carbon dioxide kumiswa.

ukuma

Nomkhakha we okushisa lapho kungenzeka kubangelwa ukuncibilika etholwe graphite zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kuyonquma, isibonelo, kusukela Izinjongo ekupheleni ukusebenza. Temperature futhi ukucacisa izimo zezemvelo kanye nezici mineral ethile, nokusebenzisa ukwelashwa ukushisa ngesikhathi izindlela ezingeziwe ezinomthelela graphite. Amazinga ukuncibilika lapho kungenzeka ukuthola ukulungele ukusebenzisa graphite, zokhahlamba kusuka 2600 kuya 3800 ° C. Futhi wayekwenza ukubala Kelvin. Kulokhu, sesivele ifinyelela 4000 ° K, kodwa lesi silinganiso kungase kukhule kuye inkomba ingcindezi. Ngokuvamile, ukuncibilika graphite okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi 105 - 130 ibha.

abilayo

Isidingo ukwelashwa ukushisa yingoba amabhizinisi efuna ukushintsha ukusebenza kwezingxenye ukuze udale imikhiqizo ephumelela kakhudlwana. Ngaphansi evame ukusetshenziswa izindlela beletha ngamathumba amaminerali, kodwa zikuvumela ukuba ngcono izakhiwo ezithile isakhiwo. Umbuzo kuyini izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika lokushisa elenza graphite ngokuvamile kuhilela ucacise ububanzi esifanayo - kusukela 3800 kuya 4200 ° C. Umbundu engezansi ichaza isimo ukuncibilika, futhi elingenhla - impahla abilayo. Nalapha futhi, kuncike izici graphite futhi yayo ezahlukeneyo nemibandela umthelela ezishisayo ekutholeni isimo wayefisa amaminerali - abilayo noma ukuma - kungaba izingxenye.

ethola ubuchwepheshe

Cishe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo graphite ukuqeda asebenziseka angaphansi ekucubunguleni imisebenzi. Indlela ngokubhala graphite inquma uhlobo impahla. Ngokuvamile, izindlela umehluko kubangelwa nje ithonya lokushisa. Ngakho, ngokubeka amalahle ingxube we coke iphimbo kanye graphite etholwe achesonovsky. ukuncibilika lokushisa abilayo kulesi simo kungaba 2800 futhi 4200 ° C ngokulandelana. Thermomechanical ukucutshungulwa amasu coke ingxube inikeza ukuchayeka efanayo imingcele Ukushisa - umehluko amanga kuphela ukusetshenziswa izingxenye Carbide ukwakha. amanani aphansi ukwelashwa ukushisa ihlukile pyrolysis indlela. Kulokhu, graphite yemvelo beshintsha kusukela hydrocarbon gaseous e cleaner at 1500 ° C. Kulesi basakaza Ukupholisa ngomoya kanye zokuwugaya ngokukhiqiza base Izingxube graphite. Lezi ubuchwepheshe zihlanganisa domain, lapho indlu kancane ngesisindo yensimbi.

Ukusetshenziswa graphite

graphite izakhiwo, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, baye bavumela ukuba uthole isicelo ebanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. It is lisetshenziswe womshini electrode, amapensela, safeners, inkomba wokulinganisa izinto ngisho uwoyela. Thermal izinga amaminerali kunqunywa angasetshenziswa njengoba ingxenye izakhiwo esithandweni. Ngokwesibonelo, graphite ulwelwesi amapuleti futhi wenze crucibles. Kodwa kuxhomeke kakhulu kwezinhlobo ezithile, elinikeza graphite. Iphuzu ukuncibilika ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo akuyona 2600 ° C, isibonelo, evumela ukusetshenziswa kwabo zezimboni ezishisayo ukucutshungulwa emakamelweni. Kodwa izimfanelo electrochemical avumele ukusetshenziswa iningi imikhiqizo ephuma graphite njengoba izakhi umbhidisi ingqalasizinda.

isiphetho

Graphite izinto ingabonwa kanye nohlaka nezimo ukusetshenziswa kulezo zimboni. Quality conductivity kagesi futhi ezishisayo, nakuba side by side nge fragility ngokomzimba kanye amazinga nokwethenjelwa mechanical nesizotha, kodwa ithuba elikhulu isicelo yezimbiwa ezikhethekile kakhulu. Ngokombono zezimboni ukucutshungulwa amazinga, graphite ukuncibilika lokushisa ngokwamazinga, okuyinto yisilinganiso sesifundo 2800 ° C, akuyona ezibucayi. Hlela inqubo ukuncibilika noma abilayo leyo nto ngeke ngikwazi ukukhokhela ngisho ibhizinisi elincane wahlanganyela womshini ukuqinisa electrochemical. Enye into ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo sokugcina senziwa graphite zidinga ukwelashwa ukushisa hhayi kuphela.