Giant-class ngwenya "akula" Project 941: Uhlolojikelele, izici

Class ngwenya "Shark" namanje irekhodi Ezingakanqotshwa wase-USSR. Nakuba kule navigation ezizimele ezingu-120, kalula kweqa ocean waphawuleka futhi yena amandla okugqashula iqhwa obukhulu Arctic ushaye igoli abaphikisi sika ukukhulula zonke izinhlamvu ezicitshwayo ballistic akukholeki ukuthi ngesikhashana nje. Namuhla, ukuthola ukusetshenziswa ngeke, futhi isiphetho sakhe isithekile.

impendulo yethu

I izingalo uhlanga zenzeka phakathi eU.SSR ne-United States, yafunwa yi zombili izinhlangothi impendulo ngokwanele izinselelo mutual. Eminyakeni 70 e-United States laba bebehlome umkhumbi ne ukuhamba amathani 18,7. Isivinini salo kwaba amayunithi 200, kufakwe imishini nemishini, kufezeke missile kwamanzi uqala ka-15 kuya ku-30 metres ukujula. Ngenxa yalokho, isayensi Soviet kanye eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial lobuholi wezwe yafuna ukudalwa ubuchwepheshe aphakeme.

Ngo-December 1972 eyakhishwa nezimfuneko Tactical futhi technical ukwakha ngwenya nge-cipher "Shark" futhi nenombolo 941. Ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi uqalise nge isinqumo kahulumeni ukuqala asathuthuka iphrojekthi wabelwa ukwenza CDB "Rubin". Ukwenza umsebenzi we-design umcabango esiye kwenzeka lendlu yebhanoyi ezinkulu zomhlaba - ngesikhathi "Sevmash", ebeka senzeka ngo 1976. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa ngwenya senziwa ngempumelelo zobuchwepheshe eziningana, enye yazo - indlela aggregate-Modular of ukwakhiwa ukuthi kakhulu ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuqeda. Namuhla, le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo shipbuilding, kodwa ngwenya "akula" Ekilasini kwakuhlale ngowokuqala kukho konke.

Ekupheleni September 1980 kusukela ngisemsebenzini ka Severodvinsk wethulwa White Sea, umkhumbi-ngwenya okokuqala "akula" Project 941. Ngokusho yetinsita kolwandle noma bebelokhu, e umnsalo ngwenya lize kwehlisa emanzini, ngezansi waterline ukuthi ngesineke ushaka namazinyo uyembulile, umsila zihambisana Trident. Ngemva Uzalo ku umdwebo ulwandle wanyamalala ngaphansi kwamanzi nelogo baphinde babonwe, kodwa inkumbulo kwabantu, ohahela izimpawu izimpawu, ngokushesha wanikela igama impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu - ". Shark" Konke lokhu okulandelayo uhlobo 941 ngwenya wathola igama elifanayo, futhi izisebenzi izimpawu zabo ngesimo imivimbo phezu emikhonweni nge isithombe ushaka yethulwa. Esikhathini impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu US waqanjwa "iSiphepho".

design

ekilasini Underwater "Shark" isikebhe e isakhiwo ufana isikebhe - housings ezimbili, ngamunye wabo ububanzi 7.2 amamitha, ahlelwe parallel nomunye indiza ovundlile. I gumbi kokuvalelwa module control itholakala phakathi izindikimba ezimbili eziyinhloko, kukhona elawulwa kude nomsakazo ubunjiniyela kwezikhali impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Rocket Phiko phambi isikebhe phakathi hulls. Ukuyisa ngezinyawo besuka kwenye ingxenye isikebhe kwenye kwakunokwenzeka ngezazi ushintsho ezintathu. Yonke sikebhe lalinabafundi 19 linezingxenye amanzi angangeni.

Imikhumbi-ngwenya Project 941 ( "Shark") ku ukwakhiwa, lekubazeni base, ezimbili-pop-ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi ekamelweni umthamo yazo zonke izenzo crew. Gumbi, okuyinto iyisonto ehhovisi central, etholakala eduze esikebheni we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Titanium Plating ihlanganisa umzimba ezimbili emaphakathi, iposi emaphakathi, igumbi torpedo, lonke ebusweni ithungwe steel, lapho enamathela sonar ngokuphephile efihla ezimisweni isikebhe yokulandelela.

amasondo Front retractable kukhona umklamo ovundlile emnsalweni kunesikebhe. ukuzisika engaphandle kwagcizelela futhi ifakwe isiyingi ophahleni isakhiwo, uyakwazi ukuphula okuqinile ice phezulu uma untanta zindawo enyakatho.

izici

On the ngwenya uhlobo 941 amandla efakwe eyesithathu isizukulwane iyunithi (umthamo wabo wathabathela 100,000 amalitha. S.) Block uhlobo, ukubekwa u buhlanjululwe ku amabhlogo amabili e sikebhe ingcindezi, ekunciphiseni izilinganiso Nei. Ngakho ukusebenza kwaba ngcono.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela lesi sinyathelo senziwe edume ekilasini ngwenya "Shark." Izici GEM kuhlanganisiwe ezimbili Umfutho amanzi ophendulayo Kulungile-650 futhi amabili esitimu uhlobo ophephela. Zonke imishini ababebuthene ukuvumele ukuba ningabi nje kuphela ukwandisa nekusebenta wonke ukusebenza kwe-ngwenya, kodwa kakhulu ukunciphisa vibration, futhi efanele, ngcono ukwahlukanisa umsindo umkhumbi. izilungiselelo amandla Nuclear ocushiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kagesi ugesi.

Imininingwane:

• Maximum Ubude - 172 metres.
• ububanzi Maximum - 23.3 amamitha.
• Umzimba ukuphakama - 26 amamitha.
• Lokufuduka (kwamanzi / amanzi ngenhla) - 48 amathani / amathani 23.2 ..
• Ukukhuthazela ngaphandle inotiyela - izinsuku 120.
• ukucwiliswa ukujula (esiphezulu / ukusebenza) - 480 m / 400M.
• isivinini ukubhukuda (ngenhla amanzi / kwamanzi) - amayunithi 12 / amayunithi 25.

izikhali

ukwakhiwa kwezikhali Main - ezicitshwayo okuqinile ballistic "Ukwehluka" (esisindo - 90 m, ubude -.. 17,7 m). missile uhla 8.3 th. amakhilomitha, le warhead uhlukaniswe 10 sezikhali, ngamunye ephethe namandla kilotons 100 TNT futhi ngabanye isiqondiso uhlelo.

Qala zonke izinhlamvu arsenal ngwenya kungenzeka gulp olulodwa isikhawu iDemo phakathi kokuqala missile amayunithi. Running izinhlamvu ezenziwe ebusweni futhi kwamanzi, ukujula esiphezulu ekuqaleni 55 ngamamitha. Design izici izinhlamvu otjhiwo missile 24, kamuva yehliswa amayunithi 20.

Izici

Imikhumbi-ngwenya Project 941 "akula" ifakwe amandla plant ehlanganisa izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili, ehlukaniswe ezahlukene ezivalekile ngokuphephile ebiyelwe. sikhungo sikwazi ukulandelela imishini ishayela, ngokuzenzakalela impendulo uhlelo lokushonelwa kancane amandla.

Lapho elikhiphe umsebenzi aklame imfuneko kwaba ukuphepha isikebhe kanye nezisebenzi, okubizwa ngokuthi engaba Ukuvikelwa, eyayibonakala ebalwe indlela amandla ashukumisayo futhi yaqinisekiswa Ucwaningo izindlu ezakhiwe (ezimbili-pop-up module okunamathiselwe esitsheni, elihlangana housings futhi t. D.) .

Class ngwenya "Shark" Yakhiwa ngesikhathi "Sevmash", lapho ngokuqondile Kunawo Wonke Emhlabeni lwakhiwe futhi esidalelwe nendlu yezikebhe wakhe zasendlini, noma inombolo esitolo 55. Ihamba yephrojekthi 941 zinezikhathi buoyancy anda - ezingaphezu kuka-40%. Ukuze isikebhe kwamanzi ngokuphelele, isikebhe sizinze ayo kufanele abe nengxenye ukufuduka yayo, kungani kwaba khona igama lesibili - "amanzi yenethiwekhi". Isinqumo umklamo esinjalo esasenziwe nge iso nombono obanzi - lokufeza ukulungisa kanye nokugcinwa zokuvimbela esizodingeka zinsika ekhona futhi ukulungisa izimboni.

I buoyancy efanayo kuqinisekisa ekusindeni umkhumbi ku Ezindaweni enyakatho, lapho ufuna ukugqekeza obukhulu ice ikhava. Imikhumbi-ngwenya "Shark" Project 941 sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo elawula izimo enyakatho, lapho iqhwa ukujiya ifinyelela 2.5 m nge concomitant ice neqhwa emikhulu influxes. ikhono ukuvula ukujiya ice uye wabonisa practice ngokuphindaphindiwe.

crew induduzo

Amatilosi-ngwenya kakhulu igcwaliswe kanye nezikhonzi, amaphoyisa. izikhulu eziphezulu behlaliswe sihlale ezimbili kanye okulala ifakwe TV, indishi yokugeza, air conditioning, izingubo zokugqoka, emadeskini nokunye.

Amatilosi nezikhulu junior wathola anawo ukhululekile Kubrick ngesikhathi. izimo Submarine eziphilayo kwakukhona abangaphezu kuka ukhululekile, kuphela imikhumbi lesi sigaba ayenendawo hholo zemidlalo swimming pool, solarium kanye sauna. Ukuze aphule kude ngokoqobo kakhulu emkhankasweni eside, indawo okuhlalwa udaliwe.

enibekelwe

Ngokuhamba yonke inkathi ukwakhiwa ngwenya ohlobo 941 samukelwa yi- Cruisers Navy eziyisithupha:

• "Dmitry Donskoy" (TK - 208). Yokutholwa ngoDisemba 1981, ngemuva kokuthuthukisa futhi waqala ukuqhuba izinkonzo ngoJulayi 2002.
• TK-202. Ngifika ekhaya port bafakwa inkonzo ngoDisemba 1983. Ngo-2005, umkhumbi waze uthathe Scrap Metal.
• "Simbirsk" (FC-12). Yokutholwa eNorthern Fleet ngoJanuwari 1985. Kwakuthinta ulahlwa 2005.
• TK-13. I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwakuqashwa ngo-December 1985. Ngo-2009, emva kwesikhathi kwatholakala isidumbu uthathe isizinda we ngwenya (shestiotsechny block sikhungo) ziye zahunyushelwa isitoreji eside ngesikhathi Peninsula Kola.
• "Arkhangelsk" (FC-17). Usuku I-Navy - Novemba 1987. Ngenxa yokuntuleka izinhlamvu kusukela ngo-2006, wadingida udaba ka ukusetshenziswa.
• "Severstal" (FC-20). Eyabelwe kwababusi Navy ngo-September 1989. Ngo-2004 wafika esiqiwini ngenxa yokuntuleka Ammo, waphawulelwa ukulahlwa.
• TK-210. ukwakhiwa kwezindlu Bookmark kwaqondana Ukudilizwa isimiso sezomnotho. Walahlekelwa ngezimali kanye ladilizwa ngo-1990.

Nuclear ngwenya "akula" nekilasi bahlatshwa kucinisekiswe eyodwa division, esebenza njengesikhali base Abantu Western (Murmansk esifundeni). Ukwakhiwa kabusha Nerpichiya Bay laqedwa ngo-1981. Ukuze uhlobo 941 Cruisers ayenendawo ikhaya mooring umugqa, zinsika nezici ezikhethekile, ezakhiwe crane eziyingqayizivele amathani 125 ukulayisha ezicitshwayo (hhayi ethunywe).

isimo samanje

Kuze kube manje, wonke zenuzi ngwenya "akula" ikilasi etholakalayo elise ethekwini ebhukwini ngefomu walondoloza, wanquma isiphetho sabo. I ngwenya "Dmitry Donskoy" yathuthukiswa nge imishini kufaneleka "Bulava". Ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba, kwakuhlelwe ukuba bachithe izinto engenzi ngo-2016. Okuthunyelwe phezu kohlelo wayengekho.

ngwenya Giant Project 941 "akula", namanje izikhali esiyingqayizivele, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kuphela, yayikwazi ukuthwala ku ukulwa komsebenzi e-Arctic. Sekusele kancane invulnerable emkhankasweni wokulwisana ngwenya, esisogwini US izikhali. Futhi, akekho noyedwa isitha ezingaba ayinakho izindlela lobuchwepheshe ukuthola izindiza impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ngaphansi eqhweni.