Floating izibankwakazi: izinhlobo, incazelo, imvelaphi

Ngokusho kwezazi yesimanje, ezihuquzelayo giant lasendulo waqala ukuhlola isici lwamanzi ekupheleni kwesikhathi Permian kokuphila kwakhe emhlabeni. Ososayensi bathi le ezihuquzelayo lasendulo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe njalo wabuya emanzini. Isizathu salokho - inala ukudla ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye, yebo, ukuphepha.

Izilwandle nakho izilwandle

Kwenzeka inqaba, ukuthi ukuphila ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle akuyona yafuna ezihuquzelayo lasendulo kabusha eyisisekelo umzimba: ukuba umuntu amane nje kokukhumbula ezihuquzelayo yesimanje ezihlala emanzini, kodwa ngempela isimo ezweni. Isibonelo, izingwenya noma iguana zasolwandle.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nhlangano futhi amandla izibankwakazi emanzini - i-akhawunti sika izindleko energy kuphela ingxenye yesine ka izindleko adingekayo ukuze ukunyakaza kwabo nokondla ngqo izwe! Ikakhulukazi wabuya kalula emanzini kangaka okuthiwa izibankwakazi bakudala - ekupheleni efile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. Kodwa lokho kungenye indaba.

Izibankwakazi lokuqala flying - ayini?

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amanzi kweqiniso kuqala zama-dinosaur bebelokhu Permian Mesosaur emelela subclass anapsid. Kakade bebalandela, + bangena emanzini wabuyela abamele okuthiwa Diapsid bakudala: tangozavry, hovazavrusy futhi klaudiozavry.

Bonke ingeyamakhosi eozuhy oda futhi ifinyelela ubude cm 50 kuphela. Kuphela phakathi nenkathi Triassic, izibankwakazi flying "landa" amamitha angu ezimbili ezinde, ukuvula ayofika ezihuquzelayo sina futhi kungaba ngisho nayingozi.

Ngaphandle kokuba owawufana namuhla zintulo iziqu ekilasini izilwane zasemhlabeni: amanzi eozuhii waba umsila omude, isicaba ezinhlangothini futhi Crest odlulayo emuva ngokusebenzisa esifubeni. I Triassic emhlabeni akukho ezingaphezu kuka 5 amanzi ezihuquzelayo amaqembu. Omunye wabo thina esisanda kuxoxa ngazo - kuba amanzi eozuhii. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe, futhi ezinye izinhlobo izibankwakazi flying.

placodont

Ngaphandle, lezi zilwane zifane encane uphawu eside tailed. Ubude yabo kwaba esingaphansi 1.5 m. Placodont umzimba kulayini futhi kwadingeka simise uthi lokuphotha. Inhloko encane, imilenze esifushane. Izindlela ebhukuda izibankwakazi okuqondene placodont iqembu akazange ihluke ezihlukahlukene ekhethekile: ezihuquzelayo nje sisalokhu kanye umzimba wakhe sezimiso imilenze esifushane futhi wahamba njenge torpedoes kancane.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lonke iqiniso eliphathelene izibankwakazi-placodont nezinye ezihuquzelayo abaningi emanzini, ligubuzelwe ubumnyama futhi imfihlakalo. Ososayensi oyikholelwayo ukuthi lokhu - kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka ezinye anapsid lasendulo. Noma kunjalo, placodont yobudala bebumfishane - lezi zidalwa eladabuka ekuqaleni Triassic, kodwa nge ukuphela kwayo yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.

nothosaurus

Lena eyodwa ngaphezulu ezindizayo izibankwakazi owawuhlala Triassic inkathi. usayizi awo 4 m ubude, kodwa iningi lazo zazisekhona kakhulu kancane. ezihuquzelayo ezidla unomzimba ovikelekile, umsila esifushane, Intamo kunalokho nezimo, ulingana nobude zemizimba yabo.

Kwakungumsebenzi ikhanda elincane nomlomo behlome ngemibese amazinyo abukhali. Lezi ukudala ngalapho ngamanzi esebenzisa ukunyakaza okuphindayo umsila odala yisandla, kanye ngokusebenzisa ngezinyawo zayo ezinolwebu.

Nothosaurus uma kuphakama isidingo, base kalula okhuphukela e ogwini basking elangeni. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye babe Crossopterygii kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi lasendulo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi engxenyeni kwesikhathi Triassic yesibili, lezi zidalwa ziye zenza kwaba legatsha ehlukile zasemanzini izilwane ezidla ezinye manje owaziwa - plesiosaurs. Ngokwabo nothosaurus yokuqothulwa by ekupheleni Triassic.

Tallatozavry

Abamele leli qembu sifana nothosaurus ngenhla, kuphela igama entanyeni kwaba ikhanda emifushane futhi emikhulu. Izindlela ebhukuda izibankwakazi yaleli qembu asikwazi ngokuthi esiyingqayizivele: kungukuthi esetshenziswa ababegwedla isikebhe ngezidladla yakhe, futhi nje wazincothula kanye umzimba njengoba placodont.

Ososayensi oyikholelwayo ukuthi bezilokhu zikhona lezi zidalwa kwabanye anapsid lasendulo futhi bakudala, abadala ngisho nangaphezu eshiwo ngaphambili amanzi eozuhii. Bafa out by ekupheleni Triassic, njengoba nothosaurus. Ayikho inzalo ngemva kwakhe Ushiye.

ichthyosaurs

Leli qembu samuva lapho kwanqunywa yayimelelwe edume kunazo zonke emhlabeni izibankwakazi emhlabeni flying - ichthyosaurs. Ichthyosaurs kangcono kunenye izibankwakazi zithathelwe ekuphileni futhi ophilayo ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle. Diapsid inzalo, futhi yini ncamashi - - ayaziwa Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi izilwane ezidla ezinye ezaziwayo. Ichthyosaurs uvele esikhathini Permian, nakuba izinsalela endala yalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo sangomhla aphansi isikhathi Triassic.

Ngaphandle ichthyosaurs eziphindaphindiwe ukuma izinhlanzi lanamuhla. ikhanda labo esingunxantathu nge emihlathini eyeluliweyo owawufana amahlengethwa ikhanda. Isicaba singatsheki Torso mpo blade umsila kanye ngezidladla yaphenduka amaphiko, okuwenza ahluke kubo bonke ezazingaphambi kwayo amanzi.

Giant elintantayo phakathi izibankwakazi

Qamba igama layo liopleurodon. Kuyinto izilwane ezidla ezinye ngobukhulu zasemanzini waso sonke isikhathi, kuyinto kwezinhlobo okucwaningwa ngawo kakhulu. Ubukhulu balo zisekhona isihloko yesayensi ingxabano abayeni. Izazi eziningi, liopleurodon ubude ongafinyelela 25 amamitha balinganise - ezingamathani angaba ngu-150! Ngokwezazi ezithile, kuba umhlaseli ngobukhulu ezake zaphila emhlabeni. By endleleni, yena wayevela labo sekushiwo, futhi plesiosaurs wahlala esikhathini Jurassic.