Euripides, "Medea": ukubuyekezwa, isifinyeto

Emlandweni wezincwadi zomhlaba kunabesifazane abaningana ababulalayo, okunye okuyi-Medea. Okuqukethwe okufishane kwalesi sigameko kuzokujulisa emkhathini waseGrisi lasendulo bese kukutshela mayelana nokubunzima kobuhlobo bomuntu kanye nobubi bomuntu.

Ifilosofi ye-Euripides

Umsunguli wezemidlalo waseGrisi u-Euripides wachaza ukuthi umuntu uhlakaniphe kunonkulunkulu, ngakho-ke owokuqala ukukhetha isimo sengqondo esibucayi kubakhile base-Olympus. Noma yikuphi amandla angaphezu kwamandla, ayekholelwa, kwakungumkhiqizo womcabango womuntu.

U-Euripides ubhala usizi lwakhe oludumile ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Medea", ukubuyekezwa mayelana namanje okwamanje kunengqondo kakhulu. Ukufaneleka okuyinhloko komlobi akumele kubonise umuntu ongcono, kodwa ononya ohlupheka futhi enze ubugebengu obubi. Abalingiswa abadlala kulo mdlalo badla. Izenzakalo zithuthuka ngendlela yokuthi ukuhlupheka kwabantu kuza phambili.

Abalingiswa. Izingcaphuno ezivela ku-biography

Ku-Euripides, amaqhawe ezinhlekelele angaba onkulunkulu, abantu abathandekayo noma abantu nje. UMedea ungumzukulu wenkulunkulu welanga uHelios, indodakazi yeNkosi King kanye nama-oceanids ka-Idia, abazali babo yi-Ocean noTiphida. Ngokudabukisayo, kule nhlekelele, umsakazi akakwazi ukulungisa lesi simo ngaphandle kokubulawa kwegazi, ngoba uma ejezisa uJason nomlobokazi wakhe ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezingane, ukuphela kuzoba kubi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, iMedea iba yisisindo sezinto ezimbi.

Abalingiswa abakhulu baphila emshadweni iminyaka eyishumi nambili futhi babeletha abafana ababili - uMermer noFeret. Umshado wabo wawuhlelwe ngokuhlanganyela kwamandla omlingo: onkulunkulu bathumela i-Medea ukuthanda izintelezi futhi usiza uJason kanye nama-Argonauts ukuthola uboya begolide. Ekubonga, lo wesifazane uyamshada. UJason, nakuba engeyena unkulunkulu, wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile futhi wayeyindodana yeNkosi Eson, umbusi wedolobha lase-Iolcus.

Ngemuva kokuhlangana noJason, uMedea ubonisa ukuhlukumeza kwakhe ngokushesha: ubalekela uColchis naye futhi, ukuze agcine u-Eta othukuthele, ubulala umfowabo u-Apsirt, owayengumhambi wakhe. Izingcezu zomzimba zahlakazeka ogwini lolwandle-ngenxa yalesi sihluku, okwakuboniswa yiMedea, ukubuyekezwa kwalesi sigameko kuyamangalisa kakhulu.

UGlavka uyindodakazi yeNkosi yaseKorinte, Creon. Ngokusho kukaJason, akamshadi ngothando olukhulu, kodwa ukunikeza amadodana akhe ikusasa elijabulisayo. Njengoba bezikhukhumezile izindlalifa zasebukhosini, abafana esikhathini esizayo bangaphila phakathi kwabantu abahloniphekile.

"Medea": isifinyeto esifushane se-Euripides

INkosi Korinte inika uJason ukuba ashade nendodakazi yakhe uGlaucus, lapho ephendula khona ngemvume. Izenzo zomkakhe uMedea ngezinye izikhathi ziqala ukwesabisa leli qhawe, futhi akafuni ukumshiya emndenini wekusasa. Owesifazane othukuthele ubiza oshade naye ukuthi akajabuli, ngoba ngosizo lwakhe wathatha uboya begolide futhi waphinde waba nenkazimulo yakhe yangaphambili. Nokho, uJason uthi ngaphambi kwakhe uye wenza umsebenzi wakhe. Wamnika amadodana amabili, futhi manje angaphila ukuphila njengoba ethanda. Mhlawumbe lesi sikhundla sizobonakala singaqondakali kwabesifazane, ngakho-ke inhlekelele "Medea" ebukeza mayelana noJason kungenzeka ibe yinto engalungile.

Inkosi yaseKorinte ivimbela iMedea, kodwa izama ukuziphindisela kumyeni ongathokozi futhi inquma isenzo esibi sokubulala izingane, ukuze uJason aphelelwe yithemba. U-villain ukhuthaza abafana bakhe ukuba bathathe isipho somshado eGlavka - umqhele onobuthi ovutha ngaso leso sikhathi ubuso bendlovukazi enhle. Ubaba oswelekile, owenze isinqumo sokusindisa indodakazi yakhe, ufa ngemuva kwakhe. UMedea uhlambalaza izingane zakhe ukuba zife: AmaKorinte athukuthele angabhidliza, ngakho-ke umama onobuhlungu ngokwakhe uzimisele ukuwabulala futhi akavumeli uJason ukuba asho okuhle kubo.

Mayelana ne-heroine esemqoka

I-Medea ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukuthobeka, ngakho uqala ukuzonda umyeni wakhe futhi ufuna indlela yokuziphindiselela. Akazange anqume ngokushesha ukubulala izingane, kodwa umfundisi wesilisa ngokushesha uqaphela izinhlelo zakhe. I-Medea yiCreon - ubaba kaJason umfazi wesikhathi esizayo uyamyala ukuba asuke eKorinte nenzalo yakhe.

Isinqumo sokugcina sokubulala, ulandela ukuhlangana nenkosi yase-Athene engenazingane, u-Egei. Uqonda indlela indoda engenayo inzalo ihlupheka, ngakho-ke inquma ukususa kumyeni wayo eyabiza kakhulu. UMedea noJason babesenombhangqwana ojabulisayo, kwaze kwafika usuku oluhle, lapho umholi we-Argonauts engazange athathe isinqumo sakhe esinzima. I-heroine eyinhloko icabanga ngokushiya idolobha layo yodwa - Agei imnikeza indawo yokuphephela, kodwa ukoma lokuphindiselela kunamandla kakhulu: ngosizo lwabantwana bakhe ufuna ukuphindiselela kumphikisi wakhe. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, abantwana baseMedea babulawa yizakhamuzi zaseKorinte, kanti u-Euripides washintsha ukuphela futhi wabonisa ukuthi umama onobuhlungu ngokwakhe uthatha lesi sono futhi uyaziqinisekisa ukuthi abafana bafa ukufa okubi kakhulu. Esikhathini sokudlala, i-Medea ishintsha isinqumo sakhe izikhathi ezine-lokhu kubonakaliswa kwekhono lika-Euripides eliyingqayizivele yengqondo, elibonisa ubunzima bomuntu.

Ukuhlolwa kweMedea noma ukuthi i-heroine yajeziswa kanjani

Abahlaziyi be-Euripides bagxeke le nhlekelele "Medea", ukubuyekezwa kwakungavamile ukungathandeki. Umphikisi omkhulu u-Aristophanes, okholelwa ukuthi lo wesifazane wayenalo ilungelo lokubulala izingane zakhe. Uma abahlaziyi bamaGrikhi nabahlukumezekile behlulela i-heroine, lezi zikhalazo ziyoba kanje:

Kuyaziwa wonke umuntu ukuthi ngisho nomthengisi wamuva,

Ugcina futhi avikele ingane yakhe,

Futhi ukulungele ukumgijimela emlonyeni wesilo esesabekayo.

Kodwa umzukulu weHelios, usolwa ngoMedea,

Intukuthelo yakhe ingaphezu kwempilo

Abancane bakhe banamadodana amabili.

Wabulala amane ngesikhathi esisodwa:

IKorinte yenkosi nayo yalahlekelwa yi-heiress yayo

Futhi ongakazalwa yenzalo yakhe kaJason.

Ukubulala kuyisono esibi,

Bulala abane ngesikhathi esisodwa,

Futhi ukuphula impilo yesihlanu

Ukuze ukwanelise ngokwakho,

Isinqumo, kunalokho, siwubuqili,

Kunengqondo, ngakho-ke uhlupheka

I-Medea kumele ijeziswe kakhulu.

Okuqukethwe kosizi akusho ukuthi kube khona inkantolo, futhi umbhali wenza abafundi bakwazi ukulahla noma bavume i-heroine ngokwayo.

Isiphetho seMedea

Naphezu kobugebengu obuzimele, umbulali akazange ahlupheke futhi wabalekela emazweni aphesheya. E-Athene, wathatha u-Egeya wazala indodana yakhe iMeda. Ngokushesha indlu yabo ivakashelwe nguLeus, owaziwa ngokulwa kwakhe nenkunzi Minotaur. UMedea ufuna ukubulala lesi sivakashi, kodwa u-Aegei ufunda ngesikhathi sakhe indodana yakhe futhi eqinisekisa ukuthi i-villain yabo ishiywe yi-Medina. Isifinyeto asitsheli mayelana nekusasa elizayo le-heroine, kodwa eminye imisebenzi iyatshela ngakho.

Esiqhingini sababusisiwe, ukuthunjwa kuba ngumka-Achilles. Iwizard iphila impilo ende, okuyinto isijeziso esibi kakhulu kuye. Uhlale edingisiwe, ehlushwa umcabango owodwa mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa okuphelele, konke ukudelela kwakhe. Mhlawumbe lesi sijeziso sibi nakakhulu kunokufa-lokhu kuyinhlekelele yomzukulu kaHelios.