Doping - ukuthi ... Yini doping kwezemidlalo?

Ngo emidlalweni eminingi namuhla isetshenziswa doping: athletics, unqamule izwe Uyi salokhu. abasubathi abaningi zaphucwa izindondo izihloko emizimbeni yabo uma Kutholwe kwamagciwane ukusiza ekutholeni imiphumela emihle kakhulu emncintiswaneni. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa doping mncintiswano kwaba, nokuthi kuyoba imibuzo eminingi, futhi ukungabaza ngokwesayensi. Empeleni, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini umuthi yawo esetshenziswe kuwo futhi lokho kuholela.

umqondo yesayensi

Doping - engokwemvelo, zokwenziwa, nezidakamizwa ezingaba ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nomsubathi. Futhi leli gama libhekisela ejenti ukuthi kusukumisa amaprotheni zamagama ngemva kokuzibeka elangeni uyaca imisipha bebutho zangaphandle. Kufanele ngokushesha kuthiwe ngesikhathi soMqhudelwano abasubathi banqatshelwe ukuthatha imithi ethile.

ukusetshenziswa lokuqala

Umlando mikhiqizo sihlehlela kusuka cishe ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Doping kwezemidlalo, baqala ukusebenzisa nabagibeli American abaqeqeshi amahhashi phansi kwesikhumba zaphathwa izilwane izinto ezidingekayo.

Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinikeza amandla avele kusukela ngo-1903. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi inkampani waqala umjaho yayo umzabalazo wokulwa ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yisiphi izinto asizayo. It kuvela ukuthi kusukela lapha kuqhubeke futhi kwakhiwa uhlolo lwezidakamizwa. Kuphela okokuqala wayengasekho ukuze asebenzayo, lokho uyatholakala namuhla.

Lesitshalo futhi amaqembu doping izithasiselo

Ngokwemvelo, izinto ezithile kunethonya nomphumela zabo emzimbeni womuntu. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingenye amaphilisi ezinhlungu, kuyilapho abanye kwandisa Imizimba umsubathi, ukwandisa amandla, ukukhuthazela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, doping - akuyona nje ivuselela kwesikhathi samakhono abantu ngesikhathi soMqhudelwano, kodwa futhi umsizi ekuqeqesheni. Ngesisekelo lezizibonakaliso doping kwezemidlalo baba zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu athile.

Banned ukusetshenziswa kokubili ngesikhathi imincintiswano ngesikhathi ukuqeqesha lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo doping:

• ama steroid. Ngo abantu, lezi izinto abizwa ngokuthi ama steroid. Leli Uhlobo by doping lowesilisa -hormone okuthiwa i-testosterone. Mhlawumbe abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi testosterone ezemidlalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni imiphumela oyifunayo. ama steroid ukusiza ekwandiseni mafutha yemisipha, amaprotheni nokwenziwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa umzimba besilisa. Kodwa isimo sawo hormone izenze wazizwa. Le mithi kufanele emzimbeni womuntu, luwathathe umphumela androgenic.

• hormone Peptide (noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo peptides), nezici ukukhula. ozokusebenzisa, insulini kanye erythropoietin banqatshelwe ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo abasubathi izinto, ngoba ukusiza ukuthola ukwenyuka kwemisipha ukukhula ukunciphisa ungqimba amafutha (ozokusebenzisa), futhi kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (i-erythropoietin).
• izinto isisu. Igama yezesayensi zalezi zimali - isisu. Kunezizathu ezinkulu ezintathu ezisetshenziswa kwezemidlalo okuyiwona isisu. Okokuqala, it is a ukwehla ngokushesha isisindo emzimbeni. Okwesibili, ukwenza umzimba umuhle umdlali ukubukeka kwemisipha. Okwesithathu, isisu pomogyut unekhemikhali namanye amanxusa asizayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela yokufihla ukusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezenqatshelwe.
• Beta-2-agonists. Bona ukwandisa inani imisipha, neqhaza ekululameni zabo, ukuvimbela ukulahleka yemisipha ngeminyaka.

Izidakamizwa banqatshelwe ngesikhathi mncintiswano ngqo kuphela:

• analgesics iNarcotic (isib methadone, morphine, fentanyl). Igama ngokwalo asikisela ukuthi lezi izinto asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa luvelo ubuhlungu.
• Evuselela. Endaweni yokuqala leli qembu izidakamizwa isinyathelo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Kufanele ngokushesha kuqashelwe Eqinisweni esisodwa esibalulekile: evuselela Abaningi ayingxenye zokuphefumula futhi elwa ne-viral. Kubhekwe le, athlete ngaphambi ukusebenzisa, kubonakala elula imithi abandayo kufanele ufunde kwengoma. Uma izidakamizwa akubandakanyi izinto kungavunyelwe, ungayisebenzisa ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa.
• Glyukokortikosteriody. Abasubathi ukuzisebenzisa ukuzizwa kuqubule amandla futhi ekunciphiseni izinhlungu.

Ukulwisana doping izithasiselo

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, Njengamanje umzabalazo esebenzayo ngokumelene ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ahlukahlukene ezisiza ukwandisa amathuba ezemidlalo. Doping - yingozi ushiya umdlalo isikhathi esifushane, uma kwakuke kwenzeke. Phela, cishe njalo Ochwepheshe mncintiswano hlola abasubathi ngokuba khona egazini izidakamizwa ezenqatshelwe. Abaphumelele njalo ihlolwe, kanti bonke abanye - ongakhetha kuzo.

Uma i-athlete izidakamizwa ezingemthetho atholakele ke kukhona umuntu isafaneleka njengamaLevi okwesikhathi esithile. Ngokokuqala ngqá - iminyaka engu-2, nalapho kabusha kucatshangwa iphutha - kusukela eminyakeni 4 futhi bonke.

Ezemidlalo abathanda uzwile amahlazo, imbangela owawungumnyaka ukusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezenqatshelwe. Ngonyaka odlule, ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa wokhela Biathlon kuzo. abasubathi doping esetshenziswa iqembu Russian kazwelonke, ngoba ngalo ngokuhoxiswa.

nomphumela olimazayo umsubathi

Doping - ukuthi akusi kuphela ukusiza ekwandiseni ukusebenza yabasubathi impumelelo, kanye idatha yomuntu engokoqobo, kodwa futhi imbangela yezinkinga eziningi. Ukusetshenziswa izithasiselo ezimweni eziningi aluphumeleli ngokuphelele. nokugxambukela emzimbeni womuntu kuholela nemiphumela engemihle, futhi ukhokhela athlete ukufeza impilo yabo. Njengoba isibonelo esingazithatha erythropoietin, okuyinto okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni. Ngezinye kumiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, igazi bangaba obukhulu, okuholela kwetinhlavu amahlule izitsha kanye emithanjeni. Kulokhu, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle izinkinga (ayikwazi futhi bayakhohlwa ukufa).

isiphetho

Ephetha ingxoxo mayelana nokusetshenziswa doping izinto, kubalulekile ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana lokuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba ukuthambekela iphungule ukusetjenziswa kanye indlela enempilo ukuze sibonga mdlalo doping control, uhlelo lokuvikela anti-doping ahlukahlukene. Abantu abaningi ithi doping emhlabeni kwezemidlalo, "Cha". Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, Biathlon eshiwo ngenhla. Doping kuleli mdlalo, ngokuvumelana umongameli Russian Biathlon Union, ngeke kuphinde kusetshenziswe.