ABA yokwelapha - kuyini? ABA yokwelapha indlela

Kuze kube manje, enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu lwe-autism ukulungiswa sisetshenziswa indlela ukuhlaziya, noma ukwelashwa ABA. Kuyini lokhu? Ake sibheke lesi sihloko.

Ukulungiswa yokuziphatha izingane autistic kubaluleke kakhulu. umsebenzi Its main - ukuze basize ingane abanokukhubazeka ezithile zentuthuko ukuze avumelane nendawo ezikuyo futhi uthathe emphakathini ngokugcwele iqhaza.

izingane Autistic - ayini?

Kufanele kuqondwe ngokucacile ukuthi izingane autistic akukho ongcono futhi akukho okubi kakhulu ukwedlula ezinye guys, zingabantu nje ezahlukene. Isici esiphawulekayo lezi izingane umbono, "uzicabangela", abakwazi ukuthola ukuxhumana nezwe elingaphandle.

abazali Uqaphele uthole ukuthi izingane zabo - autistic lapho isencane kakhulu. Ngesikhathi lapho izingane abavamile kancane isiqala ukuqaphela umama (mayelana 2 izinyanga), ingane nge Autism nakanjani qakala nezwe elingaphandle. Ngemva nje kwenyanga, esezele ingane okhalela umama anganquma lokho afuna: ukudlala, ukuba adle, kwakubanda, ezimanzi, nokunye. Nge ingane autistic kuyinto akunakwenzeka, ukukhala kwakhe, ngephimbo elifanayo ngokuvamile ngaphandle komumo wobuso.

Eminyakeni 1-2 izingane Autism kungaba amemezele izwi lokuqala, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo akububonisi injongo. Ingane ithanda ukuba yedwa. Ukuhlala isikhathi engenanina noma isihlobo esiseduze, uye wabonisa ukukhathazeka kancane.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ingane akabonisi usondelene kakhulu abazali akafuni ukuxhumana nontanga.

izimbangela eqondile isimo esinjalo hhayi kusungulwa okwamanje. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kukhona isimo esinjalo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kobuchopho, kwezinso chromosomal, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.

Naphezu umbono wadala ukuthi anidingi muntu izingane autistic beswele enhle yokuxhumana, bafuna ukuzwisiswa, nje abazi indlela yokukwenza. Umsebenzi abazali ukusiza le ngane ukuze baxhumane nezwe elingaphandle. yokwelapha ABA ndlela iphumelela kakhulu othizimu kuze kube manje.

Iyini indlela?

Yini eyenza kube ezithakazelisayo futhi eyingqayizivele? ABA yokwelapha - kuyini? Kusekelwe ubuchwepheshe kokuziphatha nezindlela ezenza ukufunda umthelela yizici zemvelo ku ukuziphatha autistic futhi uyishintshe, okungukuthi lokuxhaphaza lezi zici. ABA yokwelapha indlela has elinye igama - ukuguqulwa ukuziphatha. ABA Uhlelo Umqondo wukuthi konke ukuziphatha kunemiphumela, futhi lapho izingane ukuthandwa, uyokwenza ukuphinda lezi nyathelo uma ungathandi khona - ngeke.

Lokho kunikeza ukuguqulwa ukuziphatha?

ABA sokuvivinya Autism - oluyisisekelo iningi izinhlelo, okuyinto lapho siqondiswa ukuba ekwelapheni kwezinso ezinganeni. Inani yokwelapha yokuziphatha kuqinisekiswa ucwaningo oluningana olwenziwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-30.

Ochwepheshe nabazali, ababevame ukusebenza nezingane inqubo ezifana yokwelapha ABA, ukushiya izibuyekezo kanje:

• ngcono ukuxhumana kwethu amakhono;
• ukuziphatha evamile oluhambelana;
• kuthuthukisa ikhono lokufunda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonga uhlelo iyehlisa ukubukeka kahle kwezinso kokuziphatha. Futhi bafakazela ukuthi izifundo ngaphambili waqala ukwelashwa ABA (okungcono zasenkulisa ubudala), imiphumela iyoba esikufezile.

Ososayensi baye basungula izindlela ezihlukahlukene yokulungiswa ngeziphambeko, ezisetshenziswa therapy ABA. Lezi zindlela zisekelwe izimiso of isicelo ukuhlaziywa ukuziphatha.

Isebenza kanjani?

Nge le ndlela wonke amakhono eziyinkimbinkimbi izingane autistic, ezifana contact, inkulumo, umdlalo yokudala, ikhono ukubheka amehlo, ukulalela abanye, futhi ihlukaniswe yaba ahlukene ezincane amayunithi esenzweni. Ngamunye wabo ke bafunda nengane wedwa. Ngenxa yalokho, Amabhulokhi ezihlanganiswe wesifunda olulodwa okuyinto ingenye operation eziyinkimbinkimbi. ngoba impatho Autism Uchwepheshe ngesikhathi ukufunda inqubo isinyathelo unika ingane spectrum autistic iziyaluyalu umsebenzi. Uma ingane iyakwazi ukubhekana naso abakwazi, ukuqeqeshwa umnikeza mfana, bese uvuza for izimpendulo ezamukelekile wengane, kuyilapho izimpendulo angalungile indiva. Lokhu kusekelwe yokwelapha ABA. Imfundo le ndlela siqukethe izinyathelo eziningana.

Isinyathelo sokuqala: qala nge elula

Uhlelo lokuvivinya umzimba kuyinto "lolimi ukuqonda." Lo chwepheshe unikeza ingane umsebenzi othile noma umfutho, isibonelo, ucele baziphakamise izandla zabo, bese unika inkomba (ucosha ingane ngesandla) emva imivuzo ingane impendulo enembile. Ukuba imizamo eminingana abasenze ngokuhlanganyela, laba umntwana ezama ukwenza isenzo ngaphandle kokwazisa. ingane Specialist futhi iphindwa ibinzana efanayo, futhi wayelindele ukuba impendulo self-lesifanele. Uma izinyane kuphendula kahle, ngaphandle kokwazisa ke uthola umvuzo (simdumise, nika okuthile okuhle ukudla, ake play, njll). Uma impendulo efanele umntwana kungaqali, umsebenzi iyaphindwa futhi, ngokusebenzisa ithiphu. Khona-ke futhi, kid uzama ukwenza yonke into ngokwakho. Ukuzivocavoca yanqanyulwa ingane wayengasenakungena imikhondo ukunikeza impendulo efanele.

Lapho u-90% izimpendulo uchwepheshe umsebenzi wengane ezimele zilungile, sethula umfutho omusha, isibonelo, ucele Unqekuzisa ikhanda ikhanda lakhe. Kubalulekile ukuthi lo msebenzi babenjengomuntu ahlukile. Umsebenzi omusha ukufeza ngendlela efanayo.

Isinyathelo sesibili: impahla okubambelela

Ngemva ingane Iyakwazi umsebenzi wesibili - "Unqekuzisa ikhanda ikhanda lakho" izinkinga umsebenzi. izenzo Wafunda alternated nomaphi: "Unqekuzisa ikhanda ikhanda lakho" - "isandla sakho", "uphakamise isandla" - "uphakamise isandla" - "Unqekuzisa ikhanda ikhanda lakho" nokunye. Izabelo ezibhekwa yingcweti lapho u-90% ingane inikeza impendulo ezifanele alternation umzimba wafunda. Isikimu efanayo sivela nokugcwalisa ezishukumisayo lwesithathu, nokunye.

Isigaba sesithathu: thina kuvame futhi okubambelela

Kuleli qophelo, la makhono abangu generalized. Lapho ingane iye efunde inombolo ezanele zikhokhwa kokuvusayo ezibalulekile ( "thatha", "Nikeza," "woza lapha" nabanye.), Nakani nje okungaqondile. Bonisa uqala ukuchitha ezindaweni engavamile kanye ezingalindelekile (emgwaqweni, esitolo in the yokugezela). Ngemva uchungechunge abantu enikeza imisebenzi ingane (uchwepheshe, umama, ubaba,, umkhulu, ugogo).

Esigabeni sesine

Lena esigabeni sokugcina. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, ingane hhayi kuphela kukhulisa alandwa naye nendlela yokukhuthaza, kodwa futhi iqala ukuqonda imisebenzi emisha bebodwa, ezengeziwe nisebenzela ayidingekile. Ngokwesibonelo, unikezwa umsebenzi ukuba "avale umnyango" ukukhombisa izikhathi 1-2, futhi lokhu kakade ngokwanele. Uma kuvela, kusho ukuthi lolu hlelo yingcweti, futhi ABA yokwelapha sessions ayisadingeki. Ingane iqala ukuze ufunde olunye ulwazi kusuka imvelo, futhi ungakwenza kanjani lokho ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa izingane, akukho Autism.

Yini enquma ukuphumelela Autism ukulungiswa ngo ingane?

Ukuze bitmap Ziqeqeshe ucije eziningi izenzo kanye izinto kumele kube ngempela eziningi umzamo nesikhathi. Kukholakala ukuthi izingane unesifo yokwelapha "Autism" ABA iyona ngempumelelo kakhulu uma izifundo le ndlela ukunikeza okungenani amahora angu-30-40 ngesonto. Qala bazibandakanye lokuqala isimiso esinjalo, kuba efiselekayo ngaphambi ingane ifinyelele eminyakeni engu-6 ubudala. ABA-TARP siyasebenza izingane ezindala. Kodwa wonke umuntu ngokushesha uqala, ngcono umphumela.

Izinzuzo le ndlela

Ukuze izingane Autism kukhona newusizo kakhulu yokwelapha ABA. Ezemfundo akuyona nje ukuphinda lokho kuziphatha esikufisayo, uchwepheshe owelapha uyayisiza ingane nokuba afeze imodeli lesifanele komunye isimo kwesinye. Uphiko ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni impumelelo iyona iqhaza ngqo lwabazali uhlelo ABA.

Imiphumela emihle avele ngokushesha. Ngokusho ucwaningo yi-umsunguli yaleli su Ivar Lovaas cishe isigamu sabantu yezingane ezathola ukulungiswa zohlelo ABA, bangaqeqeshwa esikoleni esivamile. State nokuziphatha ngcono ezingaphezu kuka-90% inani eliphelele yezingane ezathola ukulungiswa ngale ndlela.

ukwelashwa ABA kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba njalo ukuthuthukisa ingane ukuba nobudlelwano futhi angene emphakathini. Izingane nge Autism cishe zinyamalale ngokuphelele eyeqisayo. ABA ndlela ivumela izingane ngubani kamuva waphendukela ukulungiswa (iminyaka 5-6), ukuze ulwazi kahle.

Uhlelo ihlanganisa yonke imikhakha yolwazi: kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-apharathasi lomqondo ekwakhekeni nokwenziwa ngcono kamasipala amakhono zokuzisiza.

nemibi amasu

Ngeshwa, ukwelashwa ABA ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele usaqala, uma ingane ine autism asaba abangabazi. Uhlelo ezinzima, kungako kumele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela. Abazali ngokuziphatha nangokomzimba kufanele bakulungele sokuzibophezela egcwele, umsebenzi wenziwa njalo, uhlelo imivuzo kanye izijeziso is kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe. Ukuphazamiseka noma ukusebenza kuyadamba akuyona kufiseleka, ngoba lokho kungalimaza umphumela. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umntwana usuke engakabi baqeqeshiwe futhi abaqeqeshiwe - amakhono abaqeqeshwe ukuphindaphinda zawo esezivamile. Ukuze isebenze kule nqubo, kufanele uzalise ukulalela umntwana, futhi ukufeza ngesinye isikhathi kunzima ngempela. Control amakilasi kulolu hlelo kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ekhaya futhi kumelwe sizame ukuhlela ukuthuthukiswa uhlelo kungaba ehambisana nohlelo kwezimilo.

nobunzima kungenzeka

Ukugqugquzela izingane kwathiwa unesifo "Autism" Kuthi sihlukile izingane evamile. Kubalulekile ukubona ukuthi kungenzeka ingane anentshisekelo izokhuthaza. Ukuvunywa noma ulahle izingane autistic kuyinto ingaphumeleli, ekuqaleni okudumisa angabhekwa ngokuhlanganiswa umvuzo wangempela. Lezi zingane ayikwazi isikhathi eside ukugxila lutho futhi ngokuvamile uphazamisekile ngakho kubalulekile ukuba afeze izivivinyo athule, imisebenzi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezincane. Ukuphindwa ivala isikhala uyephuza ekufundeni imiqondo abstract wachaza imishwana elula. Uma ingane ifunda ukuxhumana ngokukhululekile uthisha omunye, ungase umcele ukuba uxoxe nabantu ababili futhi kancane kancane ukwandisa inani abangane. Lezi zingane ziyizisulu ayizwakali amakhono observation, ngakho sebenzisa mbumbulu. Ukuziqeqesha okufanele ivimbele ukuze uvuse inkanuko - unyakazisa, ihlombe. Izingane nge Autism musa ukuhlukanisa phakathi umfutho abalulekile futhi zingasho lutho, indlela abasabela ngayo ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu liphinyiselwe noma, kunalokho, enganamandla kakhulu. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, bavame ancike umbono kunokuba kokuzwa. Izingane azibonayo kahle ulwazi ukuzwa, ithuthukiswe kakhulu ngempumelelo yi uhlelo ABA.

yokwelapha ABA iyona ndlela kuphela umsebenzi kwezimilo nezingane autistic, elibangela izingxabano eziningi kangaka futhi izingxoxo mhlawumbe. Ezahlukene izinhlobo ukunganeliseki noma ulwazi yisikhathi, noma cha ABA ochwepheshe abafanelekayo ngubani namuhla abaningi, njengoba uhlelo liba ethandwa kakhudlwana. Kusebenta jikelele sixhomeke kakhulu ikhono uchwepheshe, ngakho udinga ukukhetha ke ngokucophelela.