Cell umsebenzi maphakathi cell

Amaseli sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo akheke ngendlela efanayo. Bonke yakhiwa plasma ulwelwesi imvilophi bazungeza (glycocalyx ezilwaneni noma cell udonga: Fungus - of chitin ezitshalweni - cellulose), cytoplasm (lapho zitholakala organelles, ngamunye okhona njengamanje owenza umsebenzi walo, cell sikhungo, isib uhlanganyela division) kanye nucleus, esivikela DNA (ngaphandle prokaryotes).

iseli organelles

Lezi zihlanganisa ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apharathasi, reticulum endoplasmic futhi isikhungo cell. Ngo plant cells futhi aqukethe organelles ethize ahlukile kubo - the vacuole. Zinqwabelanisa engadingeki izinto plastids (chromoplasts, leucoplasts, chloroplast, in the sakamuva kwenzeka wenqubo ye-photosynthesis). Imisebenzi isikhungo cell, mitochondria, ribosomes, nezinye izakhiwo abaluleke kakhulu. Mitochondria ukudlala indima esiyingqayizivele iziteshi amandla isizukulwane, kukhona inqubo lapho kwezimila intracellular. Ribosomes banesibopho ukukhiqizwa amaprotheni ngu Kuhlanganisa kubo kusukela acid ngabanye acid e ebukhoneni mRNA, eyayibhalwe ulwazi izinto ezidingekayo cell. imisebenzi Lysosomal basesimweni cleavage ka zamakhemikhali usebenzisa enzyme, okuyinto equkethwe ngaphakathi organelle. Golgi apharathasi iqoqa futhi azigcina izinto ezithile. reticulum Endoplasmic futhi behileleke umzimba.

Cellular Centre - lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Lokhu organelle ubizwa ngokuthi centrosome. Imisebenzi isikhungo cell kunzima overestimate - ngaphandle lokhu organelle ubungeke cell division. It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Kulesi sikhungo cell kufana ribosome, isakhiwo okuyinto sihlanganisa halves ezimbili. Ingxenye centrosome ngokuthi centrioles, yilowo nalowo kubo ifana isilinda eziyize kumiswa microtubules. Basuke ahlelwe perpendicular nomunye. Imisebenzi isikhungo iseli centrioles lokuphotha ukwakheka ngesikhathi mitosis noma meiosis.

Njengoba lihlukana cell?

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko - meiosis futhi mitosis. iseli isikhungo imisebenzi ziyabonakala kokubili izinqubo. Futhi amacala lokuqala nelesibili, yilelo nalelo libe nesigaba senzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Ukwabela letigaba letilandzelako: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Meiosis ngokuvamile kuhilela emibili elandelanayo cell division, isikhathi phakathi kwabo libizwa interphase. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa inqubo amaseli nge-chromosomes diploid (double) is amaningi haploid (owodwa). Inani lezakhi zofuzo phakathi mitosis akuyona encishisiwe - indodakazi amaseli futhi ifa diploid. Kukhona indlela yokuhlukanisa njengoba amitosis. Kulokhu, nengaphakathi, bese wonke cytoplasm nje phakathi. Lolu hlobo akuyona ejwayelekile njengesinkwa nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala, kwenzeka ogxile phakathi elula. Cell isikhungo kule nqubo ingabe akukuningi yini okuhilelekile.

Ukuhlanganyela division of the isikhungo cell

izindlela Prophase ukulungiselela lwe-mitosis noma meiosis, ulwelwesi zenuzi sokudiliza ubude bayo. Phakathi metaphase iseli isikhungo inqanyuliwe ku centrioles ezimbili ezingafani. Nazo ngokufanayo, ziyahlakazeka zingene izingongolo okuphambene iseli. Kulesi sigaba, chromosome iyahambelana kanye yenkabazwe. Base threaded lokuphotha exhunywe centrioles ukuze chromatids ezahlukene chromosome ngayinye banamathela centrioles okuphambene. Kuyo chromosome ngayinye metaphase Ihlukana chromatids ehlukanisiwe centrioles izintambo ukuze izigxobo okuphambene ukuheha. Phakathi kumiswa igobolondo zenuzi telophase okungukuthi, cytoplasm uhlukanisa futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa indodakazi amaseli.