Izinkinga zangempela yomthetho lobugebengu (APUP)

Nakuba kuye kwaba khona ukuzinza emnothweni ngokubanzi, izinga ubugebengu eRussia liyancipha. Kusukela ngo-2005, ukuqubuka obugebengu obuhleliwe kwakungeyona, kodwa nokho ezingeni zobugebengu ngaphakathi Russian Federation akukuniki sokulindela okuhle sethemba. Esinye isizathu umsebenzi ngokwanele endaweni amacala kukhona ukungaboni ngaso sangaphakathi kwezinkambiso zomthetho ezikhona.

izinkinga zangempela yomthetho lobugebengu zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu abaningana. Ngamunye wabo udinga ukusihlola ukulungisa nokubukeza.

Inkinga umqondo into zobugebengu

izinkinga zangempela yomthetho lobugebengu aphoqelelwe ukuba aphathe ukoniwa okuyinkambiso izingxabano njalo phakathi isimo kanye netakhamiti talo. Omunye umehluko eziyisisekelo kule nqubo yinqubo echaza into zobugebengu njengesisekelo ziqu of ukoniwa.

Imfundiso kaZiqu-into the ubugebengu sekukhona ekhulwini XIX. Khona-ke, bavele ngaphambi cindezela umsebenzi A. F. Kistyakovskogo vd Spasovich nabanye abazinikezele lenkinga kukhethwa into ubugebengu. Okwamanje wazakhela maqondana into njengoba ubugebengu iqoqo nezikhungo zomphakathi, ngenxa lapho icala elithile inflicted umonakalo. izinkinga zangempela yomthetho lobugebengu kanye nenqubo lobugebengu eklanyelwe ukuhlola ezingxabanweni izikhungo ezahlukene isimo yesimanje. Phakathi kwalezi zikhungo, abaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• indoda, amalungelo akhe kanye nenkululeko;
• ngetenhlalo nemagugu, izinzuzo, izithakazelo;
• yangasese, umphakathi, ubunikazi uhulumeni;
• ukuphepha komphakathi nokuhleleka;
• imvelo;
• isimo futhi izithakazelo zayo.

Ukwephula phi of them kuholela Ukungadli phakathi kobulungisa njengoba kuqondwe izakhamuzi, futhi duty, njengoba kuqondwe isimo. Kodwa ukuphikisana eziyisisekelo phakathi imodeli wobulungisa umthetho ezihlobene izimpikiswano eziyisisekelo umthetho ngokuvamile. Ngokuvamile, into secala kubhekwe njengento ukwephula iyiphi izithakazelo esisemthethweni isisulu ngenxa isenzo (noma yokungenzi okuthile) abanye. Kodwa ngokuqondene nencazelo into kungokwalabo ihogela theory zomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvikelwa izimfuno zawo phezu ingxenye isakhamuzi okungacutshungulwa uhlelo njengoba isenzo esiyingozi emphakathini noma ubuphekula. Ukusetshenziswa amandla ngenkathi beboshwa ungase ukulungisiswa kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa amaphoyisa, kodwa isiboshwa bangase bakubheka njengento nokusebenzisa kabi igunya. Izibonelo ezinjalo - ngokuchichimayo. Lo magazini sibhekiswe abameli ukutadisha izinkinga langempela lobugebengu umthetho theory.

Law and Inqubo

izinkinga zangempela komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa zenqubo ziyancipha ukuze umsebenzi onzima abameli ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• kwezinselele zokwenza inqubo isigebengu futhi mancane amathemba okuthi ukuthuthukiswa yayo;
• ukuhambisana uyala izinqubo kanye nokuvikelwa namazinga amazwe onke;
• inkinga ka lalifuna ubufakazi;
• komlandu; iziqondiso lobuchwepheshe, kwesigwebo;
• inqubo yezikhalazo enkantolo sinqumo: ukugcwalisa inqubo Ephakeme, izikhalazo;
• okuphindaphindiwe izibuyekezo we amacala obugebengu ngokuqondene ubufakazi elisanda kutholakala;
• izigaba aphoyintimenti nokuziphatha Luhlolo izinsalela, Outsourcing Ochwepheshe.

Umkhuba umthetho lobugebengu

wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo Modern incoma ukuthi kusebenta ngekukhutsala ohlangothini osetshenziswayo komthetho futhi ukufeza ezihlukahlukene amasu ukukusiza ngokunembile adonsa futhi ngokwanele bakwenze imithetho ekhona, abanye bezimiso zawo futhi izinkambiso ezihlanganisa umthetho lobugebengu yesimanje. izinkinga bangempela theory kanye umkhuba zidingidwa seminar zomthetho ezahlukahlukene lapho abameli ukuthola ikhambi ezivamile yenkinga nokuthuthukisa izindlela eziphumelelayo kwesicelo salezi zixazululo practice.

Ukwahlukanisa nokubulala

amazinga zanamuhla zihlanganisa bokuhlukaniswa ukuphila ukuba izenzo ephansi ubambezelo kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, abantu ngokuvinjelwa ubugebengu, ngemcondvo, kufanele zabelwe isikhathi esiningi nomzamo kunalapho nanoma yisiphi isenzo. Uma uthi nhlá, izibalo zibonisa ukwehla zokubulala, kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela? izinkinga zangempela komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa yakhelwe ukunikeza impendulo yalo mbuzo.

Yamanje ilungiselelo lomthetho ugcina umbhalo zokubulala emaqinisweni, kodwa hhayi inani izisulu. Ngakho, ukubulawa kwabantu abayishumi sifanelekele ngokuvumelana isimangalo. "A" futhi "e" h. 2 wezipuni. 105 (lokubulala abantu ababili noma abangaphezulu uzibophezele indlela eziyingozi). Kulokhu, izibalo ungafaki okubulala abangela umonakalo sina kakhulu isisulu, abangakwazi abe imbangela yokufa kwakhe. Ungagxilanga izibalo "engumbulali" zisekhona izisulu eziningi, edabula sihloko, "Missing" nokunye.

Isibalo amaphoyisa aqapha

Omunye izingxabano buhlungu kakhulu emphakathini kuyinto udweshu phakathi nezikhungo komthetho, kanye nobugebengu jikelele. I uhlelo lesimanje kwezobugebengu namuhla akakwazi ukuphendula ngisho yesithathu amacala kubhaliswe. Uma ukubhaliswa amacala izobanjelwa ngayinye icala ezikhonjwe, uhlelo umane okukhwantabalisayo. Lokhu ukungqubuzana zingaxazululeka ngokwandisa inani kwabasebenzi isimo imoto ngokomthetho - abaphenyi, amapholisa, abatjhutjhisi, amajaji.

izixazululo kungenzeka inkinga

Kodwa izwe lethu futhi njengoba umholi kuleli zwe inani amaphoyisa aqapha. Kungani lesi simiso isebenza ngokuphumelelayo? Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu eziphikisanayo, okuyinto ubophekile ukuba ubuyise izinkinga zangempela yomthetho lobugebengu isiRashiya, futhi ukunquma Indaba kufanele ibe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Omunye indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga iyabheda ukunweba uhlu nenkululeko izakhamuzi (ie, sasinjani Isilonda kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho, ngakho ngeke kube khona). I okunye kokukhethwa kukho ezinjalo kungase kube usabalale ubugebengu lokuvikela - lokho manje wahlanganyela abameli emhlabeni.

Inkohlakalo nomthwalo wemfanelo womuntu siqu

izinkinga zangempela yomthetho lobugebengu isiRashiya ethwele umbuzo umthwalo siqu okonile. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezweni lakithi uqobo wemfanelo uvalwe exhunywe ne umqondo zenkohlakalo.

Bhidlizani leli duumvirate kufanele ngempumelelo komthetho uhlelo. 15-20 iminyaka yokugcina yokulwa nobukhohlakali ongahambanga ezingaphezu kuka ukukhuluma ngakho. Kwemali esetshenziswe siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo, bazinza emaphaketheni izikhulu ze-iyunifomu. Amagciwane Yokonakala, kwakudingekile ukuba abhubhise kakhulu ekuqaleni, babanjwa zonke ukulawula kanye nokuqondisa izikhungo zikahulumeni. Abantu okuthiwa ukwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo ne ukubusa imali kanye nokuxhumana, iya izikhundla nje ukugcwalisa emaphaketheni abo. Kodwa okwamanje singasho ukuthi izwe lethu ilahlekelwe le mpi, futhi kube kufanele kuholela uhlu emazweni amaningi esonakele emhlabeni.