Black izikhali emakethe eRussia. Okungekho emthethweni izingalo ukushushumbisa (Criminal Code)

"Uma kucatshangelwa ubugebengu isimo samanje ..." - ubani phakathi kwethu ongakaze wezwa la mazwi, ukuthi ixwayise ngengozi kungenzeka. Esinye sezizathu ukuthi bafake isandla ekuthuthukiseni yezinto ezimbi ezithinta ukushushumbiswa obungemthetho lezinto. Lesi simo siholela yokuthi kukhona emakethe izikhali black eRussia. Bekanye ukuthuthukiswa yayo kukhona izimfanelo ngokuthuthukisa iqembu lobugebengu obuhleliwe, kanye nobuphekula.

Umcabango

Ngu definition, isikhali - yiliphi ejenti engasetshenziswa okuwuphawu, ukuphila kulondolozwa (ukuzivikela), ukubulawa noma imaphi target eziphilayo.

Ukuze sinikeze inqubomgomo zomthetho iyunifomu emkhakheni izikhali inzuzo ngo-1997 Waqala ukusebenza zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Izikhali» № 150-FZ, okuyinto ilawulwa zonke isikhali futhi ububanzi ingabe imiqondo eyisisekelo. Ngokuhambisana nomthetho, umsebenzi obonisa ukulawula nokusakazwa nezibhamu isezandleni amaphoyisa. I okusetshenzelwa kuchazwe zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa", okuyinto sacala kusebenta ngo-2011.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nge ukwamukelwa koMthetho "Ngo Izikhali" liye landa inani labantu abathenga ukuzingela, ezemidlalo kanye nezinye izibhamu nama-pistols, indlela zomthetho. Kulokhu, lesi sikhali kufanele zibhaliswe, futhi umnikazi kumele unelayisensi ukuthengwa, Isilondolozi kanye nokusetshenziswa isihloko. Lesi sici sinikezela womnyango wamaphoyisa ekhethekile - OLRR (ukukhishwa kwamalayisense evumela umnyango umsebenzi).

Ngeshwa, umthetho "Ngo Izikhali" kuncike kudalulwe akwanele, evumela ukuba ningachachisi lesi ilungiselelo ngokuzikhethela kwayo. Ikakhulu, akufakwanga uhlu isigaba izikhali ezingekho ezibulalayo (isibonelo, isibhamu igesi), okuyinto, nakuba akusiyo esibuhlungu, kodwa yakhelwe lesi sigameko. amachashazi ezijwayelekile zingase kuthathelwe indawo ebuhlungu kakhulu kimi.

izikhali

Umthetho № 150-FZ yilezi ezilandelayo (ezinye zazo ayaboniswa izingalo emthethweni emakethe).

1. izingalo Civil:

a) isikhali ukuzivikela:

• Umlilo bushelelezi-wazalela izikhali, kuhlanganise cartridges yesenzo esibuhlungu.

• Izikhali umthelela elinganiselwe.

• negesi izikhali.

• amadivaysi abanjwe ugesi.

b) yezemidlalo izikhali:

• Izibhamu nge emgqonyeni rifled.

• Smooth.

• Cold bladed.

• aphonswe.

• Emoyeni nge amandla nomlomo ezingekho ngaphezu 3 J.

c) ukuzingela izikhali:

• eside barreled Izibhamu nge emgqonyeni rifled.

• Smooth-wazalela eside barreled, kuhlanganise ingxenye threaded ezingekho ngaphezu 140 mm.

• Uhlobo Kuhlanganiswe yokubekezela barreled, kuhlanganise emgqonyeni esikhiphekayo athukulule-rifled.

• Emoyeni nge amandla nomlomo ezingekho ngaphezu 25 J.

• Cold bladed.

g) okuwuphawu isikhali ;

e) izingalo blade ukugqoka imvunulo yesizwe;

e) izikhali isetshenziselwe izinjongo kwezamasiko kanye nezemfundo - Antique ukwesulwa izinto ezinenzuzo kwamasiko.

Ngakho, lezi izinhlobo izikhali kukhona esisemthethweni futhi zingaba, aluthola, efanelekayo ekuthwaleni, Isilondolozi kanye nokusetshenziswa.

Izikhali, okuyinto chithi ukushushumbiswa emthethweni, ikakhulukazi elwa umlilo. Izindleko izikhali ngomgunyathi kunqunywa abahlinzeki.

Self isikhali ngcono

Ziyakwazi amacala ngokuvamile lapho isibhamu okuhambayo Ukuqinisa kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho. Noma yimuphi ukuxhaphaza nalo, okuholela yokuthi ukushintsha izici kakhulu ezahlukene, hhayi lohloswe umthetho, kwenze isikhali akuvumelekile. On lezi zimo kubalulekile ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba umthetho alisho izikhathi evumela sesimanje. Ukuze ushintsho olunjalo okuvele ukusetshenziswa sihlinzekela isibopho sezomthetho zokuphatha kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu.

Ikakhulu, i-Criminal Code kukhona Article 223, othi kuyinto womshini emthethweni, yokuguqulwa, noma ukulungisa, kanye ukuhweba ngokungemthetho ngezikhali, okungase kuholele ekungasebenzini isigwebo seminyaka emibili empilweni yangempela qulo. Futhi labo bantu ngenxa yezenzo zabo namanje wayeziqaphela ngokungemthetho zokukhwabanisa kanye ngokuzithandela Unikelé arsenal, ekhululiwe necala lobugebengu.

Ngo Administrative Ikhodi Izihloko 20.8-20.15 ezilungisiwe ukusetshenziswa, ukudluliswa, ukuthengisa, ukulungisa nokunikezwa kwamalayisense izikhali futhi egqoke abantu bakhe esimweni ukudakwa utshwala noma ezinye. Isijeziso abantu abaye benza zokuphatha esijezisekayo ethwala inhlawulo kulezo zimo, uma iqukethe hhayi icala lobugebengu. Ngalo mqondo, abacwaningi oshayiwe Russian baphikisa ngokuthi phakathi kwe esigebengwini kanye nekhodi zokuphatha ngokumelene ukushushumbisa obungemthetho izikhali kudala webumbacambili isijeziso kunqubomgomo zomthetho, kusukela kunzima ukunquma sengqondo wemfanelo.

Izizathu izingalo kushushunjiswa

Arms ukushushumbisa eRussia kuze kube manje sekufinyelele iqophelo eliphezulu ngenxa yokuntuleka imithetho lobuchwepheshe kanye zomthetho kwelayisensi umnyango evumela. Ukukhiqizwa Standardization kanye nokukhipha izitifiketi izingalo livikeleke "Ngo Technical Regulation" umthetho, eyamukelwa ngo-2003. Nokho, imininingwane izikhali njengoba isihloko, okuyinto usongo impilo yabo, kudinga ukwamukelwa of izenzo zomthetho olawula zonke izici izikhali, ekukhipheni ayixhunyiwe nokusetshenziswa izakhiwo zalo.

Ungaqala nge yokuthi izingalo emthethweni kushushunjiswa basakaza phakathi labantu ngokwanele. amaphutha zomthetho bukaJehova kubonakala ukwenqena yezakhamuzi ukuze uyibhalise. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa isikhathi inqubo, isidingo ukuthatha izenzo, okuyinto asiwazi njalo isikhathi. Kwabasebenzi bebodwa bathi isidingo ngcono iziqondiso lobuchwepheshe, okwakuyoholela kunonophisa luhlelo amalayisense kanye nokubhaliswa izikhali. Thola izikhali ezifanele Ukucaciswa edingekayo okwamanje ubuchwepheshe ukuthi abasebenzi OLRR esingenayo. Lokhu, sekudala nesidingo ukubandakanya ochwepheshe ngaphandle, okuyinto ethatha isikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izikhali ezingekho emthethweni okudingekayo ukuze abantu abangakwazi ukuthola ke ngokomthetho noma ngasiphi isizathu.

izikhali otholakala ngokomthetho

Ukuze ukuthenga zomthetho izinto amandla ebulalayo kuyadingeka ukuthola namalayisense. Ngaphandle le mibhalo isikhali, okuyinto is owned by isakhamuzi, kuzoxoxwa njengoba engekho emthethweni. Izikhali kumele ithengwe kusukela ebhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni usomabhizinisi isinqumo ukuthi ingatholakala eMnyangweni kwamalayisense evumela umsebenzi. Kuyinto kwengxenye yonyaka ngempela. Izibhamu iyunithi kufanele uhlinzekele ukuhlolwa eMnyangweni efanayo. Kulona, uma kudingeka, kwenze ukulawula imiphumela sigameko ukuba afakwe pulegilzoteku, bese ungathola ilayisensi yifa, bewathwele ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we sivumelekile iminyaka engu-5. Ukuze bathole leyo mvume, siqhubeka ngendlela elandelayo:

• Ahlolwe wezokwelapha.
• Thola ukuqeqeshwa ezifanele ekuphatheni izikhali angaphansi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi asivunyelwe ukusebenzisa izingalo abantu abaletha:

• zibhaliswe ekwelapheni izidakamizwa futhi esibhedlela sengqondo;
• ube nendlela oluvelele;
• Sikhansele ukuboshelwa ekushushumbiseni izikhali;
• azifinyelelanga kweminyaka eyi-18.

Ukuze ukuthengwa ezithile izikhali ubudala kumelwe okungenani sibe neminyaka engu-21.

Lezi kanye nezinye izinhlinzeko zoMthetho imithetho izikhali, kuhlanganise Amakhodi Criminal kanye Administrative, kumele ngokuqinile waphawula, kungenjalo izingalo ukushushumbisa ngeke kwakufanele kubhekwe njengokungekho emthethweni.

ukuthenga elingekho emthethweni kwezikhali

A isikhungo ezingokomthetho ezihlukile kakhulu has a emakethe black izikhali eRussia. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-ngcono izikhali ezingekho emthethweni bebodwa - we yeqhwa phezu emnothweni isithunzi. Okwamanje, ungakwazi ukuthenga izikhali, hhayi kuphela ukwazi umphakeli ngqo, kodwa futhi nge-Internet.

Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo izikhali ezinjalo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne izimo zomthetho, akusona isithiyo izigebengu noma abantu abafuna nje ehlome. Overpaying, umthengi akagcini konga isikhathi kodwa futhi sithola noma yikuphi izikhali izidingo zabo.

Black emakethe izikhali eRussia njalo olusha kanye izimo ezintsha futhi esisha, kanye nezindlela umzabalazo wokulwa kwegazi emthethweni izikhali ahlale ezingeni elifanayo.

Imithombo izikhali ezingekho emthethweni

Ngokuyinhloko, kuziwa evela emithonjeni elandelayo:

• Izinto zokusebenza zasebusosheni (ukuntshontshwa izikhali elisekela ezempi).
• Army umzila (izikhali intshontshiwe phakathi nempi).
• Izikhungo izikhali Kwebiwe bezomthetho.
• Arms abakhiqizi, okuyizinto ibhizinisi emthethweni.
• Nokushushumbiswa basemazweni angomakhelwane.

Ngokwezibalo, 17% of izingalo livela zinqobe, 14% - amacala okweba, 5% wezindleko - imiphumela "archeologists omnyama". Nokho, abaphendula imibuzo engafuni ukunikeza amagama abo, okuyinto abe nolwazi oluthile emkhakheni obungemthetho izingalo ukushushumbisa, bathi ukuthi izikhali ezitholakele lapho bemba isikhathi eside akekho ukuthenga - izenzo ezihlazisayo.

ukuthenga okugunyaziwe ngokomthetho izikhali. Ilungelo ukuthola

Izindleko zokukhiqiza zomthetho izikhali incike onjani hlobo yayo uthenge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi ezivamile Ungathenga lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Izikhali ngenhloso yokuzivikela.
• Athletic.
• Ukuzingela.
• Bladed Melee isikhali ukuthi yakhelwe ukuba igqoke nge imvunulo yesizwe.

izikhali Military angayizuza ngokuqinile kuphela ngesivumelwano, uma ixhunywe nge isidingo ukuyisebenzisa. Lokhu kungaba isakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• Abezomthetho.
• ukuphepha elihlomile.
• Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
• izinkampani ezizimele zonogada.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo izikhali zempi, kabani amanani kulawulwa isimo, ngithengiswe ngaphansi kwelayisensi, okuyinto esikhishwe enhlanganweni. Abasebenzi ugunyaziwe ukugcina futhi ukuphatha izikhali, baqeqeshiwe.

Izindleko smoothbore amayunithi kwelinye amasayithi esisemthethweni:

Izindleko ezinye izinhlobo izikhali ezingekho emthethweni

Black emakethe izikhali eRussia ihlinzeka imodeli ngokuyinhloko ukulwa amayunithi. Ngokwemibiko ethile, TT kwande ngaphezu le PM, njengoba "uMacarena" Kungani ikakhulu ukwesulwa, okungukuthi, sebevele belande idubule wakhe.

Namhlanje, esimanjemanje ubugebengu obuhleliwe , uncamela ukusebenzisa isikhali benezinto silencer, ngakho amamodeli yasekhaya asewile kakhulu intengo. Izindleko izikhali ezisukela 100 kuya ku-900 zamaRandi, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho ephakeme.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-90s, lapho igagasi ubugebengu ngesikhathi Selilonke, AK-74 zingathengwa for $ 500. Namuhla isimo sesishintshile, futhi umshini ofanayo, okuyinto vele bekulokhu kunjalo, angathengwa $ 150.

izibalo Esinembile ku izindleko Cha, akunakwenzeka ukuthola intengo itholakale esidlangalaleni ukuze "uwoyela isikhali", kodwa ukuthi intengo cishe kabili zomthetho ezaziwayo.

Ngokusemthethweni, eMnyango Wezokuvikela yokwenqaba ukuthenga i-AK-74 esivuna izikhali omusha ongase "Izhmash" sizonikeza isimo. Okwamanje, izinqolobane ezigcwele ngedatha uhlobo isikhali, ngesikhathi zanamuhla kudinga imodeli ungcono umshini edume.

ilayisensi lokuhoxisa

Izinkampani ezikhiqiza izikhali okudingeka ukuba ilayisensi Regulation "Ngo kwamalayisensi imisebenzi ethile". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele kube imithetho zomthetho nje kuphela kodwa futhi izimo zokukhiqiza, isitoreji kanye yokuthengisa. Amaphoyisa, ngokomthetho "Ngo Amaphoyisa" unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa angahlola izakhiwo ezishiwoyo, kuhlanganise Umbuso indawo, ngoba kuhambisana nemibandela engenhla. Uma iphoyisa ukwambulile yikuphi ukwephula, isenzo esifanele. Ilayisensi kuleli cala, inkampani kungenzeka ukuthi ulahlekelwe.

ukukhiqizwa ephakeme kanye yokuhweba izikhali ngaphandle izimvume kukhona izenzo eziphambene nomthetho, yisigwebo umthetho. Lokhu kubonakala sihloko 171 we Criminal Code - imisebenzi yebhizinisi emthethweni ngaphandle kwelayisensi.

enza okungekho emthethweni kwezikhali

Akuwona wonke izinkampani ukuthi walahlekelwa amalayisensi abo, senqabe kusukela ekukhiqizeni nokudayiswa izikhali. Ibhizinisi inzuzo amayunithi kuletha nayimali eningi, ngakho kukhona ibhizinisi ezingekho emthethweni ukwakhiwa nokudayiswa izingalo. Ngokuyinhloko deal zidlule ubuso ajwayelekile, okuyinto isiqiniseko ukuhola.

Ukuhambisa nekhiqiza izikhali emnothweni isithunzi kuletha ukulahlekelwa okukhulu esimweni, kusukela izimali ezitholwa ngalesi ukuqaliswa kwe-izikhali kukhona engabhalisiwe futhi ukuthola isimo izimali etholwe ngendlela engekho emthethweni. Esikhathini esizayo, kukhona semthethweni yabo, kodwa ukulawula intela lezi zimali awekho ngaphansi.

zemali ezishiwo yiSigaba 174 futhi 174,1 we Criminal Code kanye kujeziswa kuze kube iminyaka engu-10 ebhadla ejele.

Izici ukuqoqwa izikhali, amakhophi kanye nemifanekiso

Ngaphansi isiqondiso zomthetho kungaphansi izikhali kuphela impi, amanani awo ebalwe ngasekuqaleni, kodwa futhi ngalendoda. Luphinde kuncike yokubhalisa kanye nezitifiketi, ngisho noma ayisetshenziswa. izikhali Ngokuyinhloko ezinjalo ungowenani zomlando, futhi labo abasifunayo ukuthenga Ngokwesibonelo esiyingqayizivele ngokwanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amakhophi kanye nemifanekiso izikhali, okuyinto kudlalwa imidwebo sokuqala. Lezi zinhlobo zezinto, eqinisweni, hhayi kubhekwe njengendlela isikhali, ngakho akudingeki ukubulala amandla, kodwa zonke izici original.

Amakhophi, kwemifanekiso, isifaniselo izikhali akuzona kahle isihloko, okuyinto iyingozi empilweni futhi impilo izici, ngakho-ke kuyatholakala ngokukhululekile ngaphandle izimvume.

Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi ugqoke ikhophi isikhali hhayi ubugebengu, isakhamuzi sinelungelo ukubamba amaphoyisa athole ukuthi izimo njengoba kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba yiqiniso kwale ndaba. amazwi umnikazi mayelana nale ndaba, kabusha isithombe original.

semthethweni izikhali

ngokukhethekile kufanele kube izikhali okusemthethweni. Ngo-2014, kwabikwa ukuthi kwakubulawa ngokushesha okokugqoka kanye nokusetshenziswa iyiphi amayunithi uzovunyelwa, kuhlanganise ukulwa. Nokho, Ministry Interior usephikile lesi sitatimende, uthi owawuzoba namazinga iziqondiso lobuchwepheshe olwesimanje. Lokhu kubuyekezwa ngeke babe lutho isinqumo inzuzo noma isiphi isikhali, kusho uMnyango.

Kuze kube manje, sichitshiyelwe "Imithetho inzuzo izikhali civil kanye isevisi kanye nezinhlamvu ensimini ka WaseRussia", bavunyelwe izikhali kuhlasimulise ukuzivikela ngenxa bayizakhamuzi unelayisensi elaliyifa lakhe, bewathwele zisebenzisa ngaphansi kwazo. Ngaphambili, umthetho avunyelwe ukuba baphathe izikhali ngesikhathi target umkhuba, ukuzingela imicimbi yezemidlalo kuphela.