Auschwitz - idolobha ePoland. Umlando kanye ezikhangayo yedolobha

Auschwitz - idolobha e -Republic of Poland, ogama lakhe ngimuzwe nhlobo. Uyini umlando kubabangele zalo muzi? Yiziphi ezikhangayo it has?

Auschwitz

Leli dolobha amakhilomitha 60 nje kusukela Krakow. Itholakala Auschwitz emathafeni eduze nendawo lapho Vistula River Sola futhi bayasilela Pshempsh. Kuyinto idolobha elincane ePoland, okuyinto ngokudabukisayo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili njengoba Auschwitz. Lapha kwaba omunye okuhlushwa ngobukhulu.

Namuhla, idolobha iyikhaya abakhileyo yizigidi ezingu-40. Auschwitz Modern ethuthuka khona isikhungo ezinkulu commercial nezezimboni yezwe. Abantu ngokwabo baye igxile yokubiza Polish kwegama - "Auschwitz", kunokuba German "Auschwitz", okusikhumbuza mayelana kwezenzakalo ezibuhlungu esidlule. Umuzi ine izimpawu ezintathu ezisemthethweni: ifulege, isibonakaliso nelogo. Ngesikhathi ifulege muzi isithombe elingenamikhono izingalo on isizinda eluhlaza. Auschwitz elingenamikhono izingalo okubonisa umbhotjhongo nisebenzisa ophahleni obubomvu izinkozi ezimbili ezinhlangothini. I uwuphawu edolobheni senziwe 2002, kuwo imidwebo okubonisa sibalo ejuba - uphawu khona ukuthula nobunye phakathi zonke izinhlanga.

indaba

Lo muzi ePoland uvele ekhulwini XII, futhi kamuva uyabhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Ekhulwini XIII sase siphendukile futhi ngokushesha waba edolobheni. Ukuze Auschwitz babe izingxabano njalo phakathi Czech Republic nePoland, njengoba sekuyisikhathi eside emzini laba isikhungo ukudayiswa usawoti.

Ekhulwini XVI ke kwakuseyisiqalo ikoloni amaJuda. Ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka inkosi Polish Władysław IV ibanika ilungelo ukuhlala ekhaya, khona ukuvulwa esinagogeni kanye emagcekeni emathuneni. Ngu ekuqaleni XX leminyaka amaJuda ngokomthetho u-40% sabantu ezisemadolobheni.

Ekhulwini XVIII, umuzi waphenduka ingxenye yoMbuso wase-Austria. Njengengxenye Poland ebuyela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Phakathi nokubusa kuka-Austrian Auschwitz waba ujantshi okuhlangana ezinkulu, it is ekwakheni imboni, esikoleni, esontweni. Ingxenye izakhiwo lwedolobha naleso sikhathi zilotshwe namanje walondoloza.

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-Auschwitz, lapho kwakukhona abangaphezu kuka 8000 amaJuda. Ngo-1939 ngesikhathi engena emzini amasosha aseJalimane, axube ku-Third Reich. Lapha ihlelwe ekamu lokuhlushwa. Umuzi yakhululwa ngo-1945.

eyayiyikamu Auschwitz

Leli dolobha wavakashela ngonyaka izinkulungwane zabantu, ukuzizwa emkhathini kanye wabusa ukwesaba lapha. AmaJalimane walibiza-Auschwitz. Yigama iminyaka eminingi washaya imemori global.

Ngokushesha ngemva ukuthunjwa indawo Polish amabutho aseJalimane ihlelwe ekamu lapha, eyayihlanganisa izakhiwo ezintathu. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu wawugcinwa emabhalekisini enyinyekile. Phakathi nempi, abangaphezu kwesigidi abantu ababulewe e-Auschwitz, 90% babo babengamaJuda.

Idolobhana yakhululwa ngo-1945, futhi ngo-1947, leli kamu waba Museum. Manje-Auschwitz kufakwe kwe-World Heritage List. Abahlela Museum kwesokunxele emabhalekisini futhi ngocingo oluhlabayo. emadokodweni abahlukahlukene enikelwe bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Nazi ekufakweni okusha, nezithombe ezindala, izingubo nezinye izimpahla iziboshwa.

Kokunye emadokodweni for ingilazi odongeni kuyinto sebuningini izicathulo nezicathulo okuqondene Auschwitz iziboshwa. Kuyinto umbukwane bengeke bame ngamunye.

zokungcebeleka edolobheni

Ngaphandle impilo ekamu Museum uyaqhubeka. Beyond izindonga eyayiyikamu kuhlukile - cute futhi Auschwitz ethandeka. Okubonwayo komuzi - it is a European emigwaqweni emincane ejwayelekile kanye izakhiwo lasendulo.

Idolobhana has a castle esakhiwa ekhulwini XII. He is isakhiwo endala e-Auschwitz. Le nqaba itholakala phezu kwegquma eliphakeme futhi lizungezwe izihlahla eziminyene. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa the amaTartar lachithwa. Kunyatheliswa Meshko II kabusha futhi ngekhulu XII, azungezwe izindonga ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ngo-Auschwitz kukhona amasonto amaningana ubudala. Ngokwesibonelo, iSonto kweNyuka of the Virgin Mary noma Virgin Mary Church of the kukaJesu. Ngo maphakathi nedolobha kukhona eHholo Town ne-Market Square. Ukunakwa nakho kulethwe St Jack sika Chapel futhi iSonto Our Lady Umlando ka Ethembekileko.

Ukuhamba emigwaqweni Auschwitz, singabona eziningi izindlu ezinhle ezakhiwe ngokwanele ezithakazelisayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukhona indlu Szymon Kluger - amaJuda zokugcina ayehlala emzini. Manje Museum Jewish itholakala emzini wakhe.

Phakathi komuzi esifunda futhi emathuneni bamaJuda kanye Jewish Isinagoge Chevra Lomdey Mishnaes, eyasungulwa ngo-1918.

isiphetho

Auschwitz - idolobha elinomlando omude neyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto kukabili. Enye uhlangothi - esidlule esibi nezinezinhlekelele, njengoba kufakazelwa ekamu lokuhlushwa wangaphambili. Enye - lokhu emigwaqweni emidala, izimpawu zendawo yezakhiwo kanye sokusizana nesimnandi.