Article 138 of the Civil Code "Intellectual Property". Civil Code, Ingxenye I, Isahluko 6

Ngosizo inkampani efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uye ihlelwe inqubo yawo ukuzithiba. Okungukuthi, imithetho ethile yavunyelwa ngokomthetho lo mshini ukuthi ngqo sithonye ukuziphatha kwabo bonke abantu ezweni elithile. Kulesi imvelo enezici kwelungelo ngokwanele, noma ngisho jikelele, uma singakubeka kanjalo. Iqiniso lokuthi imithetho enganyelwe awuwona yini ongelutho kunayo unganakile, ubudlelwane zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthenga imoto, ngokuqasha ifulethi noma uhambo banal esitolo - konke izibonelo nokuxhumana nabanye, okuholela ukubukeka nemiphumela ethile engokomthetho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nge ekukhuleni komphakathi njengoba savela kwesokudla. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukunwetshwa nobukhulu bayo ngokushesha wesi. Ngamanye amazwi, ilungelo isinyathelo linwetshelwe ukuze inombolo enkulu lezinto. Umlawuli we-Public Relations ligcwele ama-structure amasha zomthetho, omunye okuyinto bokusungula impahla sithombe. Lokhu isiqondiso osebenza ku ingxenye egatsheni civil yomthetho, okuholela abaningi zezikhathi yayo eqondile.

Kuyini empahla?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi emthethweni civil - a umkhakha eziyinkimbinkimbi, esakhiwa iqoqo izigaba zomthetho. Uqukethe imithetho kanye nezimiso elawula izici eyisisekelo nokuxhumana womuntu. zithengiswe noma zisetshenziswe ngoba ungomunye wabo. Kodwa ngisho ezinye ujwayelene nabantu komthetho we-civil abaqondi ukuthi isigaba inikezwe. Ngokuyisisekelo, empahla - kuyinto olubanzi okukhethekile futhi siqu okungezona amalungelo imiphumela ekhona umsebenzi bokusungula, noma imisebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, lo sigaba ithuba elingavamile ukusungula umuntu nombhali into ethile, bachithe kubo, kanye iyakwenqabela ikhomishana izenzo ezifanayo nezinye izinto.

Umlando nesenzakalo lwezigaba

Kufanele kuqashelwe yokuthi empahla babukhona nakwa-civil isakhiwo umthetho ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ekuqaleni, umkhakha alawule kuphela ubudlelwane impahla. Siyazi kusuka emlandweni komthetho we-civil, ukuthi esikhathini sokuthuthuka, ngezikhathi zamaRoma, kwaba yingxenye komthetho we-civil umndeni, esagcina ahlukaniswe. Kulesi empahla njengento isiqondiso zomthetho kuphela yaqala ukucabanga ekhulwini XVII, lapho kwaqala ukuvela Imiphumela owaziwa imisebenzi kombhali of abalobi abahlukahlukene, abaculi, abaculi, njll, isigaba obanzi kunayo wathola ekupheleni XIX - .. I ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX, lapho ijubane ukuthuthukiswa yonke imikhakha yempilo yomuntu isibe oda sezingeni elikhulu. endaweni yabo isakhiwo isigaba amalungelo empahla wathola ngo-1967, lapho amukela i-Stockholm Isentha liqine Umhlaba Intellectual Property Inhlangano.

Isikhundla isigaba Russian Federation

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isimiso samanje mkhuba zomthetho namuhla ngenkuthalo asathuthuka futhi njalo olwesimanje emthethweni yasekhaya. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba enendawo eqinile yeRussia. Iqiniso lokuthi empahla, ikakhulukazi, imodi yayo yokuvikela - iphuzu elibalulekile ngoba iningi lamazwe. Ngakho-ke, uma Russia ufuna ukuba umdlali omkhulu emakethe, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwane umbuso emkhakheni enikeziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwemvelo yayo empeleni kwenzeka. Phela, kukhona zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele okuyinto empahla kulawulwa. Code Civil noma ikhodi civil - ukhiye isimo isenzo, izinhlinzeko zoMthetho okuyinto zichazwe ngokugcwele esihlokweni ethulwa izigaba. Kulokhu, umthetho umbuzo amalungelo empahla ubonakala ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuciko. 138 we Code Civil ( "i-Intellectual Property") sikhuluma kuphela ngokubanjwa okuqondene isigaba izinto ngaphandle kwenkululeko ukulawulwa komthetho we-civil. Kodwa Kulomkhakha iqukethe ukubunjwa yayo lenqwaba ubudlelwane zomthetho, okuyinto akheke ehluke ngokuphelele futhi emkhakheni wezomthetho.

Izimbangela ngokuhlukana isigaba

Kukhona inani elikhulu amaphuzu, ngokuvumelana ukuthi empahla ehlukile. Code Civil alichazi izizathu idatha, kodwa kuvela kakhulu okushiwo isigaba ngemibono. Ngoba kukhona izincazelo eziningana ukuthi kungani esigabeni kubalulekile kangaka eRussia lanamuhla.

• Okokuqala, ukuba khona izindlela ezithile zokuphepha ukhuthaza abantu ukuthi udale into entsha. Phela, uma umuntu ezizwa evikelekile, ngaleso sikhathi kuyoba khona Ungesabi ukuthi izithelo emisebenzini yakhe kamuva othile uyosabalala noma asuse.
• Okwesibili, empahla semthethweni wonke umsebenzi yegama imisebenzi efanayo. Okungukuthi, umlobi empeleni yakha ubuhlobo ngesikhathi kudalwa into.
• Okwesithathu, umsebenzi bokusungula esimweni nemvelo yawo yezomthetho ebekwe kuyovuzwa elibuye kuvusa Abadali.
• Okwesine, ukuba khona empahla ezingeni lesikhungo zomthetho kuzoholela ukukhula esikweni lesizwe futhi umkhakha.

Ngakho, empahla the Civil Code, kwencazelo okuyinto uvezwa iphepha kuyisigaba esibalulekile ukuthi lihlangabezana ukulungiselwa okuthile igama elifanayo lomkhuba zomthetho egatsheni ngamazwe umthetho wangasese. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo okunengqondo ukuthi sihlobene purview kwalesi sikhungo eziyinkimbinkimbi?

empahla Code Civil

Kuyaphawuleka, xnj isinyathelo okusesihlokweni esithi, i-Institute kusebenza izinto ezithile kanye nezimo. Nazo ngokufanayo, afakiwe nase-yokwakheka into empahla. Ngakho, njengoba kubalulwe emqulwini womthetho we Code Civil, izinto ezifana yilezi:

• imiphi imisebenzi yesayensi, izincwadi noma kwenkululeko ubuciko;
• yolwazi kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile amakhompyutha;
• ezisunguliwe, utility models namanye phonograms;
• imilayezo kamabonakude;
• amasampula i zezimboni nemvelo noma Ukukhetha emaphethini elupelomagama;
• izimfihlo zokuhweba topologies izifunda;
• zokuhweba, amagama akho okuhweba nokuma kwezwe;
• commercial uhlamvu notation.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwelinye izwe isikhathi eside e-Code Civil we Russian zazingekho igatsha ehlukile kwezinkambiso ukuthi ngabe lokulawula kwesokudla empahla. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, Article 138 kuphela waqinisa esigabeni njengoba omunye izinjongo zomkhakha. Kuphela 2008 kwakukhona engxenyeni 4 RF Civil Code, okumelelwe uhlelo yamazinga olawula ubudlelwane emkhakheni we empahla.

Izici Ingxenye 4-Code Civil

Wathi inguqulo yomthetho yethulwa kuleli emkhakheni komthetho we-civil zaziziningi izikhungo ezintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezu eziyisisekelo empahla amalungelo, engxenyeni 4 amalungiselelo kugxilile elawula izinkontileka emkhakheni empahla. Civil Code, ngaleyo ndlela yaba umthombo olunzulu, co-Ekuqhubeni zonke izindaba ezivela ezinhlakeni wathi.

Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo wempahla

Iqiniso lokuthi siphila hhayi kube nezwe eliphelele, kwenza ukuthi kube nesidingo hhayi kuphela emkhakheni bokusungula impahla ukulawulwa ubudlelwane, kodwa futhi ukusungula indlela yokuvikela wakhe ngokushesha. Kodwa ukuze kwakhiwe edingekayo ukuphepha umbuso kuyadingeka ukuze uqale ahlaziye izinhlobo ukwephulwa okwethulwa esigabeni sihloko. Kuze kube manje, kukhona ukwephulwa ezimbili okungukwethembeka:

• ukusatshalaliswa lezinto ezisebenzisa izindlela ukuthi zivikelwe patent;
• ukwephulwa ka -copyright.

Okusho ukuthi, uma kwenzeka ukwephula lolu hlobo lomuntu angaqalisa ukusebenzisa amagadango akhethekileko lokuvikeleka umgomo kwamandla abo.

Ukuvikelwa Intellectual Property Code Civil

Ezokuphepha okusesihlokweni esithi walesi sikhungo ingenye imisebenzi eyinhloko isimo. Phela, oluthinta ngqo ikhono labantu ekudalweni nokusetshenziswa Imiphumela yomshikashika wabo bokusungula. Ngakho-ke, kukhona uhla amathuluzi avumela wena ukuvikela amalungelo empahla. Code Civil usungula ngezindlela ezilandelayo, isibonelo:

• ekunqanyulweni ngempoqo sokuphula umthetho;
• nokuvulwa umonakalo kusuka kumuntu osonile;
• ekuthatheni izimpahla zomgunyathi;
• ukubhujiswa imphahla;
• kuhlomisa amalungelo empahla ukuba esebenzisa individualization.

Institutions lokubhekana nezinkinga empahla

Lesakhiwo wathi njengoba sesibonile, kuyinto ehluke eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi abaningi ukudala umsebenzi lapho sitadisha empahla. Article Code Civil, awavezela, semthethweni kuphela izikhungo kudingekile isici nezimfundiso. Yena, waziphatha izikhungo ekhethekile, njengemishado Federal Isikhungo Industrial Property, Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sazama sicabangele izici kwaleso sikhungo, ezifana empahla. Code Civil usungula izici zayo eziyinhloko futhi izindlela eziyisisekelo, futhi unamalungiselelo ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi empahla linendima ebalulekile ezweni lanamuhla, ngakho ukuthuthukiswa lolu daba kokubili ngesikhathi zomthetho ezingeni ezesayensi uyisidingo.