Anti-tank isibhamu Degtyarev. Anti-tank izibhamu kweMpi Yezwe II

Film "Ballad of a Soldier" kuvula nge isigcawu esigcwele ngemva kwenhlekelele. Soviet-okhulumisana iqhawe olandela ithangi isiJalimane, ukufihla abasha isosha untried ukuya, ugijimela umshini we steel imayelana ukuze uhambisane naso futhi wayichoboza. Isotsha ubona umuntu uphonswe anti-tank isibhamu Degtyarev. Futhi isebenzisa kungalindelekile esakhiwe ithuba ukuze ngithole insindiso. Ucibishela at umshini isitha nokuchokoloza ke. It kuyeza elinye ithangi, kodwa okhulumisana akuyona elahlekile futhi ovutha kakhulu.

"Leli akunakuba! - Namuhla ngeke ukutshela abanye "ochwepheshe ngempi nomlando." - Ingabe hhayi bhoboza ithangi zempi ngesibhamu! "-" You can "-! Sizophendula leyo abazi ngale ndaba kangcono. Kungenzeka AMANGA endabeni ifilimu wenza, kodwa kumayelana hhayi amakhono ukulwa alesi sigaba izikhali, futhi izikhathi zezenzakalo.

Kancane ngamaqhinga

Anti-tank izibhamu adalwe ku namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu XX emazweni amaningi. Kwabonakala sengathi isixazululo ngempela ekushoyo kunengqondo nempikiswano ngxabano armored izimoto yesikhathi. Wezikhali lalizoba eyinhloko ekulweni ke, kanye PTR - yesibili, kodwa ngaphezulu ephathekayo. kokuqhuba amacebo okuhlaselayo kufanele lihlaselwa ithangi amagejambazo ezihilela inqwaba, ngisho namakhulu imishini, kodwa impumelelo kuhlasela kuchazwe Ingabe ukudala emakamu oyifunayo amabutho ayibonakali isitha. Ukuze unqobe ebiyelweyo imigqa ukuzivikela, ifakwe zempi ukubhoboza wezikhali, nge isiqeshana minefields futhi izakhiwo zobunjiniyela (dragon amazinyo, onogwaja, njll), Ingabe kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa entsha igcwele ukulahlekelwa esiningi imishini. Kodwa uma abaphikisi kungazelelwe hit izingxenye kabi evikelwe ngaphambili, ngeke kube khona isikhathi amahlaya. Sizoba ukuth "ngokuchibiyela izimbobo" ekumeleleni, baphonse isibhamu elihamba, okusadingeka ukuba umbe. Ngokushesha ukuletha isilinganiso esifanele izibhamu nezinhlamvu endaweni eyingozi kunzima. Lapha futhi ewusizo anti-tank isibhamu. PTRD - Isikhali kuqhathaniswa icwecwe futhi engabizi (ishibhile kuka isibhamu). Abakwazi ukukhiqiza eningi, bese Yabahlomisela zonke izigaba. Uma kwenzeka nje. Amasosha, ayehlome kubo, mhlawumbe wonke amathangi isitha hhayi perezhgut, kodwa mukela kuqala. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba siyobona inganqotshwa, umyalo uzoba nesikhathi ukudonsa force main. Sasicabanga ojenene abaningi kangaka namathathu banesifo esibi ngasekupheleni.

Kungani amasosha ethu siswele PTR

Izizathu ukuthi eU.SSR ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa anti-tank izibhamu eminyakeni eyandulela impi kwaba cishe iphele kancane, kodwa owayevelele kubo wayewukuphela okuhlaselayo imfundiso wezempi we iRed Army. Abanye abahlaziyi ukhombe bikho nezinsolo yokuqwashisa kubaholi Soviet, ukuze overestimate degree of ukuvikelwa nasezembathweni amathangi isiJalimane, futhi kanjalo enza esiphethweni esiyiphutha nekusebenta eliphansi Sss njengoba ikilasi izikhali. Kukhona ngisho izinkomba isiKhulu Glavartupra G. I. Kulika, ke opined. Kamuva kwathi ngisho 14.5-mm anti-tank isibhamu Rukavishnikova ATR-39, esenziwa ngo-1939, bamukela iRed Army futhi ngemva konyaka amiswe, kwakungase ibhoboze nasezembathweni zonke izinhlobo imishini owawunesihloko Wehrmacht ngo-1941.

Yini amaJalimane weza

umngcele Soviet lidlule ibutho likaHitler ngezinqola zempi okweqa ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Kunzima ukuhlola lokhu armada ngesithunzi, uma ungasebenzisi indlela yokuqhathanisa. amathangi Popular (T-34 futhi hf) e Red Army kwaba ingasaphathwa, kwakunabamemezeli abambalwa kuphela abangabodwa, anamakhulu mane. Ngakho, mhlawumbe imishini amaJalimane cishe kwakuyihora izinga efanayo neyethu, ukuphakama ambalwa? Lena akuyona ngakho.

Tank TI Kwakungelula nje, kungashiwo ngokuthi guideshoe. Ngaphandle izibhamu, eneqembu abantu ababili, ulesisindo nje imoto. Degtyarev antitank sokuzingela bangeniswa inkonzo ekwindla ka-1941, it abamhlaba inqamula. German T-II kwakungelona ngcono kakhulu, wayenobuhlobo yokubhuka kanye short-isibhamu osezingeni inhlamvu 37 mm. Namanje kwakukhona T-III, okuyinto, babefika beme igalelo PTR umnikazi, kodwa kuphela uma hit e engaphelele ingxenye, kodwa amanye amasayithi acishe afane ...

Enye "Panzerwaffe" babe Czech, isi-Polish, Belgian, isiFulentshi kanye nezinye umshini athunjwa (afakiwe isamba), ezigugile izingxenye yisikhathi futhi kabi okuphephile. Iqiniso ukuthi bakhona kubo engenza anti-tank isibhamu Degtyarev, kanye futhi ungafuni ukuba akucabange.

"Tigers" futhi "Panthers" babe amaJalimane kamuva ngo-1943.

Resumption of ukukhiqizwa

Kuyinto intela ubuholi kukaStalin, ukulungisa amaphutha ngelikhono. Isinqumo ukuze uqhube umsebenzi PTR senziwa osukwini olungemva yaqala impi. Leli qiniso refutes version of the yokungazi ngaso ngokuphathelene Amathenda armored ezingaba Wehrmacht, ngosuku lokuthola lolo lwazi akunakwenzeka. I esiphuthumayo (esingaphansi kwenyanga saluchitha ukukhiqizwa amayunithi lokuhlola) umncintiswano owawuse amasampula amabili, Sekukancane ukuqalisa ekukhiqizweni. Anti-tank isibhamu Simonov wabonisa imiphumela emihle, kodwa-aspect kwezobuchwepheshe bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi yokuhlolwa yesibili PTR. Kwakunzima ngaphezulu kudivayisi, futhi libe nzima ngokwengeziwe, okuyinto nazo zathonywa isinqumo weKhomishani. Ngosuku lokugcina ku-Agasti Degtyarev antitank sokuzingela ukuthi wamukelwe ngokomthetho iRed Army bafakwa nokukhiqiza-i izingalo ifektri e Kovrov, futhi izinyanga ezimbili - e Izhevsk. Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu abenziwe izicucu kuka 270 ayizinkulungwane.

Imiphumela yokuqala

Ekupheleni kuka-October 1941 lesi simo savela ngezihluthu inhlekelele. I avant-garde we Wehrmacht wafika eMoscow Echelon ezimbili eziqakathekileyo iRed Army cishe iye yalinyazwa ku giant "amakhanzi", endaweni enkulu engxenyeni European wase-USSR ezazingaphansi kwawo isithende wabahlaseli. Kulezi zimo, amasosha wamaSoviet wawungafuni zigcwale. Ngenxa yokuntula wezikhali eziningi ezanele, amabutho yabonisa ubuqhawe walwa esihlasela ngezinqola zempi, esebenzisa amabhomu Molotov Cocktails. Kwesokudla off the line umhlangano isikhali entsha kubika ngaphambili. 16 amasosha Novemba 1075 Infantry Regiment we Division 316th, wabulala amathangi ezintathu isitha, usebenzisa PTRD. Photo emachawe art amaNazi wakushisa ishicilelwe emaphephandabeni Soviet. Ngokushesha kulandelwa kumdlalo, ngaphansi Lugovoi waqala ukuba ngibheme ithangi emine ngaphambili anqobe Warsaw naseParis.

angaphandle MFI

iminyaka Newsreel impi ngokuphindaphindiwe ethumba amasosha bethu anti-tank izibhamu. Kubonakala neziqephu belwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo sici amafilimu (isb, wobuciko S. Bondarchuk "Balwa ekhaya"). amasosha isiFulentshi, aseMelika, eBrithani futhi isiJalimane PTRD obubhalwe zilotshelwe umlando ingasaphathwa. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi izibhamu anti-tank kweMpi Yezwe II zenzeka kakhulu yokubusa kweSoviet? Ngokwezinga elithile, yebo. Ngo eziningi kangaka lokhu isikhali yadalwa e-USSR. Kodwa abasebenza bekuyicala eBrithani (Boyce uhlelo) kanye e-Germany (PZB-38, PZB-41), kanti-Poland (i-UR), kanye Finland (L-35), futhi eCzech Republic (MSS-41) . Futhi ngisho Switzerland kokungathathi hlangothi (S18-1000). Enye into ukuthi onjiniyela yazo zonke lezi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, nezobuchwepheshe amazwe 'eziphambili "zehlulekile lidlule izikhali Russian for alula, obugagu izixazululo lobuchwepheshe, kanye izinga kakhulu. Futhi ubande uma ukhuluma naye kokudubula isibhamu ethangini ezayo aphume emseleni, hhayi kwaba yilelo nalelo butho ongakwenza. Singayiphuza.

I zempi bhoboza?

PTRD has mayelana nokusebenza izici ezifanayo njengoba antitank sokuzingela Simonov, kodwa kulula ke (17.3 vs. 20,9 kg) futhi mfushane (2000 futhi 2108 mm, ngokulandelana) kanye ngokwakhayo lula, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi esincane liyadingeka wokuhlanza futhi kulula ukuqeqesha abacibishelayo. Lezi zici ukuchaza iKhomishani Yombuso wanika okuthandayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi PTSD kungaba nomlilo izinga emikhulu ngenxa eyakhelwe pyatipatronnogo esitolo. Ikhwalithi esemqoka yalolu isikhali namanje unekhono zingene Ukuvikelwa zempi ezivela amabanga ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uthumele ichashazi ekhethekile esindayo kusuka core steel (futhi, ngokukhethekile, nge icala olwengeziwe incendiary yasebenza ngemva edabula isithiyo) ngesilinganiso sezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukubhoboza

Ibanga lapho isibhamu anti-tank Degtyarev kuyingozi ngoba izimoto armored lesitha, - isigamu sekhilomitha. Kule kungenzeka kuphazamise amanye amatshe, ezifana ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, bunkers, kanye izindiza. usayizi igobolondo kuyinto 14.5 mm (grade B-32 ezivamile udibi Ukubhoboza incendiary noma BC-41 nge Ceramic ithiphu superhard). Ubude okuhambelana munition projectile kwaqhuma, 114 mm. Ibanga target lesion ne ukubhuka 30 cm ukushuba 40 mm, futhi amamitha angamakhulu le ichashazi lihlaba 6 cm.

ukunemba

Ukunemba Imiphumela inquma impumelelo ngokudubula ezindaweni ezingavikelekile kakhulu zalo imishini isitha. Ukuvikelwa ngokuqhubekayo ngcono, ngakho amasosha sakhululwa futhi ngokushesha olusha imiyalelo ukuncoma indlela engcono ukusebenzisa isibhamu anti-tank. Umqondo yesimanje ukulwa izimoto armored nje acabangele kungenzeka ukuwela amaphuzu sibuthaka kakhulu. Lapho kokudubula kuhlolo nge imitha-engamakhulu ibanga 75% izinhlamvu wabanjwa ezingomakhelwane 22-isentimitha target isikhungo.

design

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ayehlala ezindlini izixazululo ezilula lobuchwepheshe, bakudala, akufanele kube. WWII izikhali ngokuvamile kwenziwe izimo ezinzima ngenxa ophoqelelwe baphume, ukuthunyelwa workshop ezindaweni ungakulungele (kwenzeka ukuthi kwadingeka isikhathi esithile emsebenzini endaweni evulekile). Sabaleka lokhu ukudalelwa Kovrovsky futhi Izhevsk izimboni, okuyinto kuze 1944 ekhiqizwa PTRD. Anti-tank isibhamu Degtyarev, naphezu inkimbinkimbi idivayisi, okuyinto sihlanganisa zonke ipumelelo armourers Russian.

Wemigqomo is threaded, vosmizahodny. Ukubona yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi, kanye phambi kwamehlo futhi bi-strip (kufika ku-400 ukuphakama futhi 1 km). PTRD icala njengoba isibhamu sohlobo lwe-abavamile, kodwa Rebound eqinile kuye kwaholela khona umgqomo wazihlephula, entwasahlobo ukushaqeka mfutho. Ukuze kube lula, isibambo enikeziwe (ngoba ungagcina amasosha enye ithwele) kanye bipod. Yonke enye into: sear, isando indlela, umamukeli, isitokwe nezinye izimfanelo sokuzingela, Ukhulelwe ne Ergonomics, okuyinto eye yaba abadumile njalo ngoba izikhali Russian.

isevisi

In the field, kancane zezikhali kwenziwa kaningi, ukuhlinzeka ukususwa kanye disassembly wesango njengoba iyunithi udoti kakhulu. Uma lokhu kunganele, kwakudingekile ukuba asuse bipod, Butt ke ukuqaqa inhlamvu futhi ukhiphe stop slide. Ngezinye lokushisa ongaphakeme, isithwathwa sisetshenziswa okugcotshwayo kwezinye izimo evamile uwoyela isibhamu № 21 ikhithi kufaka ramrod (egoqekayo), oiler, ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela, ababili bandolier nekhava amanzi nemithi ezimbili ishidi (elilodwa ohlangothini isibhamu ngamunye) kanye ifomu service, lapho kukhona izimo ukuqeqeshwa ukulwa ukusetshenziswa, kanye misfiring nokuhluleka.

Korea

Ngo-1943, umkhakha German eseqala ukuveza amathangi medium and ezisindayo protivosnaryadnym yokubhuka enamandla. amabutho aseSoviet waqhubeka ebasebenzisa PTRD ngokumelene ukukhanya, izimoto kancane evikelwe, kanye ukucindezela amaphuzu labadubuli. Ekupheleni kwempi isidingo anti-tank izibhamu wanyamalala. Ukuze kuliwe asele amathangi German wezikhali enamandla nezinye izikhali ngempumelelo esetshenziswa ngo-1945. IMpi Yezwe II yaphela. Kwakubonakala sengathi isikhathi PTRD irretrievably gone. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu uthome Nempi YaseKorea, kanye "isibhamu ubudala" futhi waqala, Nokho ngokudubula, ku labo ababengobhululu - amaMelika. Wawunamabhodi North ahlomile Korea sebutho na- PLA, owalwa enhlonhlweni kuze 1953. amathangi eMelika isizukulwane ngemva kwempi ngokuvamile babelokhu bewa, kodwa kwakungekho wonke umuntu. PTRD azisebenzisa nokuthi ukuzivikela emoyeni kusho.

Umlando post-yimpi

Ukuba khona inani elikhulu isikhali ezinhle enezimfanelo eziyingqayizivele bakhuthazwa ukuba ufune abanye ukusetshenziswa kuhle ke. Amashumi ezinkulungwane amayunithi osekuphele ku mnandi. Yini isibhamu anti-tank eyayingase isetshenziswe? ukubhuka ithangi Modern zokuzivikela kungakusiza ukumelana ngisho hit UKUSHISA projectile, ingasaphathwa pool (ngisho noma kuyinto letinalokubalulekile futhi ithiphu ekhethekile). Esikhathini 60 wanquma PTRD kungaba yokuzingela lwezimpawu nemikhomo. Umqondo uwukuthi ezinhle, kodwa kwaba nzima kakhulu le nto. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba ukuqhuba sniper umlilo at ibanga kuze ikhilomitha isibhamu esinjalo, Isivinini esiphakeme kokuqala ivumela ukudubula ngokunembile kakhulu khona umbono we-optical. Zempi BMP noma BTR PTRD Breaks kalula, ngakho-ke, izikhali namuhla akuyona baphelelwa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo. Ngakho ingabe emafektri, abalinde amaphiko ...