Amphibian - Iyini? izici ezivamile futhi ukubukeka izilwane

Amphibians - siyinzalo oqondile Crossopterygii. Bavele iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-380 edlule, futhi kamuva wabeletha ekilasini ezihuquzelayo. kanjani izilwane zasemhlabeni? Yini ihlukile kwezinye izilwane futhi hlobo luni lokuphila musa bemqhuba?

Amphibian - kuyini?

Ngokusho inguqulo enwetshiwe, inhlanzi crossopterygian babe ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala amachibi ukuthi bakwazi ukuphuma ezweni. Ukuba yingcweti isikhala esisha futhi ngizama ukuzijwayeza indlela izimo ezahlukene, kancane kancane saqala ukushintsha, futhi isishiya nezidalwa entsha - izilwane zasemhlabeni.

"Amphibian" - igama lesiGreki elihunyushwe ngokuthi njengoba "ezimbili izinhlobo zokuphila." Ngo biology, ibhekisela izilwane eziphilayo ezweni emanzini. Esikhathini amagama Russian eqondakalayo, kusukela izilwane zasemhlabeni - kungcono ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni.

Ngaphambili, umqondo kusebenza lwezimpawu kanye imithini, kodwa kamuva yahlanganisa ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo kuphela zemilenze emine okungezona ezakho kuya amniotes. izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni Modern ekilasini ihlanganisa salamanders kuphela, caecilians, zintulo namaselesele. Sekukonke zikhona 5 izinkulungwane 6.7 zilwane.

Incazelo emfushane isigaba

Amphibians - kukhona ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ukuthi phakathi kwezilwane kukhona Lesisemkhatsini phakathi izinhlanzi nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Amalungu amaningi nezikhathi enye zokuphila emanzini futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo. Ukuveza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuqala iningi okwenzeka emanzini, futhi zikhula, angukuphila eliwumhlaba. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo zibukhoma emanzini.

izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni Iningi musa ukubekezelela abandayo, uthanda, endaweni zinomswakama efudumele, kodwa ungakwazi uhlala endaweni eyomile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, kungase yokucashisa noma ukushintsha nesikhathi yomsebenzi, isibonelo, kusukela ebusuku ukuze ngosuku. Nokho, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingu kuzixazulule enyakatho ekude, isibonelo, intulo laseSiberia.

Amphibians axazulule eduze angenasawoti amadamu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi babeke izibungu zabo, ngisho amaxhaphozi ezijulile. Kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezitholakala emanzini asolwandle. Ukuthuthukiswa ngokuvamile kulandele izigaba ezine: amaqanda (nezibiliboco), isibungu, baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele futhi omdala. Ngo salamanders akhona futhi lokuzalwa bukhoma.

Zonke amalungu esigaba umzimba ababuthakathaka, ngakho abakwazi ukukhokhela ukufunda ukudla imifino. Amphibians kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye zidla izinambuzane, ezingenamgogodla encane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwabafowabo. izinyoni ezinkulu udle inhlanzi ezincane, amachwane kanye namagundane. Kuphela okuphakelayo izibungu izitshalo squad waphansi.

Bawenza kanjani ukubheka?

Sakhiwo sangaphandle izilwane zasemhlabeni ihlukile kakhulu. Iqembu caudate, okubandakanya zintulo futhi salamanders, ngokubukeka sifana izibankwa. Zikhula kufike ku-20 amasentimitha. umzimba wabo side futhi iphela umsila omude. Intamo, emhlane nasemilenzeni phambi zimfushane.

Amaxoxo kukhona izilwane zasemhlabeni waphansi. Banezinhliziyo ezibanzi umzimba kancane isicaba nentamo emfushane. Umsila kutholakala kuphela tadpoles esiteji. nemilenze yabo side futhi izimisele, kuthiwa waqonda ngesikhathi ukweqa futhi ebhukuda (izindlela eziyisisekelo ukufuduka). Iminwe amaxoxo kanye salamanders axhunyiwe ngu web zesikhumba.

Caecilians - kule yunithi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni "legless". Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga babukeka kanjani izimpethu noma izinyoka. osayizi yabo isukela ngamasentimitha ayishumi kuya emitheni. Caecilians abanalo nemilenze, nomsila mfushane. umzimba wabo embozwe izikali lime ezinemibala emnyama noma amnyama ithoni ensundu, ngezinye izikhathi nge izindawo, noma nemithende.

izici kwesakhiwo

Isikhumba yezilwane ezinomgogodla, multilayer, kodwa mncane ngokwanele. Iqukethe nezindlala ukuthi secrete isikhwehlela ukuthi ihlanganisa wonke umzimba. Ngalo ngokwengxenye eyenziwa umoya. Uma uyikha phezulu le, ukuphefumula izilwane zasemhlabeni yenza kube lula, futhi zilwane ophilayo ikakhulukazi emanzini, babe zokuphefumula.

amakhamera Three-chambered inhliziyo eziphila emanzini nasezweni, ezimbili siyenzeka kuphela salamanders. Amabili kwegazi: ezincane nezinkulu. lokushisa umzimba akuyona njalo futhi kuncike imvelo yangaphandle.

Brain amphibian mkhulu kunezinhliziyo e izinhlanzi kanye amabanga kusukela ku-0.30% (v Tailed) ukuze 0,73% (waphansi) esisindo. Amehlo abo uyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi imibala. Amehlo ikhava esobala aphansi nezinkophe engenhla obunesikhumba. Bona ukuhlukanisa okubi ukunambitheka kanye kungaba azimisele kuphela okunosawoti nebabayo.

Isikhumba umzimba omkhulu yakhiwa sebuningini thinta bese kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa. Ngo tadpoles nezinhlobo zasemanzini zezinhlanzi walondoloza i-lateral line, okuyinto unomthwalo orientation emkhathini.

Kunamaphuzu amaningana isikhwehlela waphansi esikhumbeni iqukethe ubuthi. Ezimweni eziningi, akusiyo ingozi abantu futhi isetshenziselwa magciwane ezishelelayo. Nokho, Isihlungu ezinye izinhlobo zawo ezishisayo lingaba yingozi. Ngakho, frog ezincane yellow (bheka isithombe esingenhla), a listoglaz esabekayo ingenye zilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni.