Amathambo aphansi esitho umuntu: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Isimiso somuntu sokujikeleza zemisipha - kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi, okuyisona ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ekuzalweni kuze ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, enza eziningi imisebenzi ebalulekile. Sigcina umumo umzimba njalo, ukuhamba oqotho, ukuvikela kwezitho nezicubu - lena umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko. Ukuhlanganyela neminye iminyango kanye ejensi zomzimba womuntu, zakha futhi silondoloze ubuqotho bayo kanye ukusiza ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila.

Zonke locomotor apharathasi zomzimba womuntu emelelwa zindawo ezimbili: yokwenziwa (lwamathambo futhi izingxenye zayo) futhi okusebenzayo (uhlelo kwemisipha).

Uhlaka lwamathambo kuyinto isethi wonke amathambo omzimba, iziphi oxhumene by amalunga nemisipha. It yakha uhlobo Uhlaka, eyenza umsebenzi zokuzivikela yezitho zangaphakathi nezinye izimiso zomzimba. Futhi inikeza ukwesekwa skeleton, futhi wenziwa ezihambayo umzimba emkhathini kunqunywa isikhundla salo. Motor umsebenzi wenziwa isethi yezenzo esihlelwe amathambo, amalunga, imisipha nezinzwa. Umsebenzi ukwesekwa itholakala lokuthi ukuthi amathambo asemzimbeni asebenza njengama-sisekelo okunamathiselwe kwezicubu ezithambile kanye nezinhlaka, siyivumele ukuba njalo kube khona futhi akusho ewa. Umsebenzi zokuzivikela kuqinisekiswa khona izimbotshana lapho zitholakala izitho ezibalulekile zomzimba womuntu. esifubeni Ngakho, inhliziyo namaphaphu zivaliwe, ubuchopho, zicashile ezindabeni Yekhanda eqinile. Futhi esivela umsebenzi skeleton kroveobrazovatelnaya - e amathambo asemzimbeni kuyinto okubomvu umnkantsha, onengxenye hematopoiesis.

Ukwakheka amathambo

iyiphi lwamathambo omuntu lwakhiwa amathambo ezingaphezu kuka-200. Bakha izicubu ithambo, elinikeza inombolo enkulu amaminerali kanye organic compounds. Mineral izinto lidlulisele ubulukhuni kanye namandla we amathambo, kanti wemfanelo organic yokusebenza futhi kuyaqina. I share compounds wezinto kule skeleton imayelana 70%. Njengoba bekhula, lesi sibalo liphume, okuyinto kuholela ithambo fragility futhi ukunciphisa amandla abo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-age ukhulile enethambo Fusion kuyodingeka isikhathi esiningi.

Isakhiwo ithambo

Noma yimuphi ithambo zomzimba womuntu yakhiwa izingqimba bony, girders kanye imishayo. Umahluko owokuthi kanjani lezi zinto ahlelwe ubumbene. Esigabeni ithambo cortical ke kuyabonakala ukuthi ngaphandle ketshezi ithambo obukhulu, futhi ngaphakathi esinophawu lwesehluleki. Ngo imishayo cancellous ahlelwe ukuze akha phakathi kwabo kuseli. Lapho izakhi ithambo okungadingeki uvalwe nomunye ezinephakathi elilodwa, akhiwa ngaphakathi komgodi lapho kuhlelwa izitsha nezinzwa. Ingqikithi compact itholakala ngaphandle futhi ukhuluphalisa amathambo eqinile, kuyilapho sithambile, ngenxa isakhiwo yayo, kunciphisa amathambo eqinile. Isilinganiso wabo zingase zihluke futhi kuncike umsebenzi, ifomu nendawo emzimbeni.

periosteum

Ngaphandle amathambo embozwe periosteum. Okukhishiwe evele ngokuhlanganyela, okuyinto embozwe hyaline uqwanga. I periosteum imelelwa izicubu obukhulu zezinzwa, okuyinto adherent ukuba amathambo emzimbeni. Kuhlanganisa inombolo enkulu imithambo yegazi abahlebayo izakhi ku wethambo, futhi osteoblasts ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni ithambo amangqamuzana amasha. Ngakho-ke periosteum ikhuthaza bone ukukhula ukujiya kanye coalescing at waphuka.

Anatomy. Skeleton nemilenze aphansi

Locomotor appart has a isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Zonke izici zayo zihlobene ngokuqondile funnktsiyami kwenziwa. skeleton Human wemikhawulo aphansi siqukethe zindawo ezimbili, oxhumene. Omunye wabo iqinile futhi isebenza njengendawo ngesisekelo for axube ithambo yesibili. Eyokuqala imelelwa kwebhande okhalo namathambo - ephansi esitho ibhande skeleton. Isici uyilungiselelo esimisiwe amathambo. Esesibili - amathambo, abahileleke ngokuqondile ukuhamba umzimba - mahhala aphansi esitho skeleton. Amathambo, engena ezindlini ngezindlu oyiyo, libhekene ikhono lokushintsha isimo e izindiza ezahlukene, futhi kwabanye, futhi ukujikeleza.

skeleton Engumuntu nasemilenzeni aphansi isetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo: ukwesekwa, ngamandla kanye entwasahlobo. Ngenxa ehlelekile umsebenzi amalunga omzimba, nemisipha futhi imisipha compounds eyenziwa ukunyakaza cushioning umzimba ngesikhathi uhamba, ugijima noma ukweqa. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo phezu ezindaweni eziphakeme-lwamanga umzimba eziyishumi nemitshingo.

hip

Uhlaka lwamathambo wemikhawulo aphansi, ukhalo elitholakala ngezansi, iqukethe kunawo wonke tibia futhi ngezinyawo. Amathambo tibia futhi fibula tibial ethulwa.
ithambo ethangeni - kwezinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu futhi enamandla emzimbeni womuntu, engxenyeni engenhla ixhunywe ithambo hip bese lwakha ngokuhlanganyela hip. hip nemisipha kukhona isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. Ngoba wagxila umthwalo oyinhloko ukugcina ubuqotho ngokuhlanganyela.

edolweni

Ezansi kunawo wonke kuya tibia iqinile, obumba ngokuhlanganyela amadolo, embozwe patella. Joint amadolo uyakwazi flexion, isandiso ngokushintshana. Izinyanda zakhe ahlelwe crosswise.

iqakala ngokuhlanganyela

Tibia, ngokuxhumana ne-amafomu ukushayisana iqakala. Unyawo yakhiwa amathambo tarsal, metatarsals futhi phalanges. It kwandisa endaweni contact komzimba futhi inikeza cushioning.

Izicubu ukuxhuma lwamathambo omuntu wemikhawulo aphansi kukhona okukhulu kakhulu futhi enamandla emzimbeni, ngenxa yokuthi i-akhawunti ye-umthwalo ngobukhulu elihlobene ne-nokugcinwa kanye nokunyakaza komzimba womuntu bona.

Ezindaweni esitho kwamathambo uxhumano makhula uqwanga pads loniketa pryamostoyanie umzimba futhi cushioning lapho kuzuba egijima. Zakhiwa nokunwebeka ezicutshini ukuthi kungenziwa onomfutho bedle ukucindezeleka futhi uthathe isimo sabo sokuqala. Noma yimuphi izicubu cartilaginous has ngesivinini yokutakula, isb sokubuyiselwa, uma umonakalo noma Ukusula.

Isakhiwo unyawo

Uhlaka lwamathambo emelelwa 7 amathambo tarsal, okuyinto ahlelwe ezimbili imigqa phakathi tibia kanye metatarsus. Ithambo isithende kuyinto emuva kancane futhi yenza umsebenzi asekelayo. 5 ikhombisa ukuthi ijabulise amathambo metatarsus zazo zixhunywe emalungeni phalanges. Skeleton uzwane phalanges siqukethe: umunwe kuqala imelwe phalanges ezimbili, kanti bonke abanye - ezintathu.

Ukuze unyawo libhekene flexion, isandiso, ukuthumba kanjalo ngokushintshana. Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi amathambo ezenziwe imisipha ithole nezinyawo. Kuchaza inqwaba ongakhetha ekunqumeni umzimba womuntu emkhathini.

Unyawo njalo lapho uhlangana nabo izicathulo, zingaguqulwa. Kubonakala calluses, corns noma neziqu, okuholela emizweni ezibuhlungu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuma nokwakheka senyawo kubantu ezahlukene zihlukile. It kuncike olinganise umzimba, isisindo sayo kanye yokuphila komuntu. Ngezinye ekukhetheni okubi of nezicathulo angagcina izinyawo flat - ekunciphiseni lwaleli, okuyinto abangela izimo ezithile.

Ngakho, kusobala ukuthi amathambo endoda nasemilenzeni engezansi umuntu eyenza umsebenzi obalulekile kakhulu emzimbeni. Yena ichaza ngendlela umzimba womuntu ukuma bezihambela, kuyilapho ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka ezithweni overlying futhi izinhlelo, ngaleyo ndlela kwelulwe isikhathi sokuphila yabo yenkonzo. uhlelo zemisipha lomuntu ngokwalo ihlanganisa zonke izitho futhi izinhlelo e yisikhungo esisodwa. Isakhiwo skeleton esitho womuntu aphansi okuhambisana ngokugcwele imisebenzi abasenzela.