Amantongomane - a nut noma emabhontjisi? Ka zikhule amantongomane?

Amantongomane sikhule ngo aboMdabu baseMelika eside ngaphambi kokuba itholakale uColumbus H .. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kwathiwa silethwe conquistadors iSpanishi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwakuqala ukwanda okukhulu. ngokuthi "amantongomane" ziye zaba ingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ingabe abanjalo ngempela? Kuyini amantongomane - a nut noma emabhontjisi pods? Asizwise lokhu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bafunde indlela yokutshala ku engadini yabo, ngoba ngempela.

Uyini lamantongomane?

Ngaphansi elinikeziwe igama uhlobo lwe kuhlanganiswe izitshalo leguminous, ehlanganisa at ezilinganisiwe zinhlobo mayelana 70. Umsuka wegama elithi "amantongomane" Cishe elisuka ngesiGreki, elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Spider" futhi lihlotshaniswa iphethini igridi enkundleni izithelo. Rhode lezi zitshalo bangabanye umndeni imidumba , noma uvemvane, futhi izithelo zawo, yona, njengoba emabhontjisi noma pod ezaziwayo. Yena unilocular imbewu kuwo ahlelwe ilandelana. Leyo impendulo egcwele yombuzo amantongomane - a nut noma emabhontjisi pods. Kuyinto nakanjani bhontshisi. Okwamanje, ngaphandle kwe-South America liyaziwa ziwuhlobo olulodwa kuphela - a lamantongomane. Lesi sitshalo ngenkuthalo kutshalwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, eMelika, e-Asia naseYurophu. umkhiqizo Maximum kufinyelelwa ku Israyeli.

Peanut (groundnut): Incazelo

Kuyinto esimila yonyaka ukuphakama kusuka ngamasentimitha 25 70. Uhlelo impande kuyinto isakhiwo ebalulekile futhi amagatsha ngokwanele. Isiqu lamantongomane Emaceleni 4-5, pubescent noma uhamba-ze. amagatsha Lateral kuncike ezihlukahlukene kungenzeka uqotho (umumo Sectional) noma ezinwabuzelayo. amahlamvu Indawo lomunye, budze lobehlukene -. cm 3 kuya 10 paripinnate, esika nhlangothi zombili, side futhi wakhomba. Stipules tho ne petiole. Izimbali ngesikhathi lamantongomane kungaba ophuzi-abomvu noma amhlophe, bahlangana emfushane inflorescence uhlobo ibhulashi.

Kungani amantongomane abizwa ngokuthi amantongomane?

On agumenti ukuthi amantongomane ezinjalo - a nut noma emabhontjisi pods, impendulo isivele inikezwe. Kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi ukuthi banjani ezweni, uma -ke ivaliwe. Amantongomane - isitshalo emangalisayo, futhi leli qiniso kuwubufakazi lokhu. Izimbali ihlala sonke isikhathi cishe usuku. Uma kokukhulelwa kwenzeka, inqubo iqala ginofora ukukhula (yayifanekisela nomxhantela we ayesisebenzisa). Kancane kancane yinde futhi Burrows esibelethweni enhlabathini, lapho kwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa lo bhontshisi kanye nokuvuthwa kwawo. Izimbali izitshalo kukhona isikhathi eside impela isikhathi eside okufanayo, iqala ngo-June bese ihlala kuze ekwindla. Omunye isitshalo ungaveza kufike ku-40 ubhontshisi.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba zikhule amantongomane kusayithi lakho?

Umbuzo ka-indlela yokutshala amantongomane, kuphakama kusukela abashayeli bamaloli futhi abalimi ngokuvamile kakhulu, ngoba wonke umuntu ufuna ukuba endaweni yabo okuthile okuthakazelisayo, hhayi ukusho angavamile. Peas ukwazi, uthando futhi sikhule eziningi. Ngakho-ke lokho amantongomane - zalo isihlobo esiseduzane, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi libukeka kuye, kodwa futhi amasu yezolimo kubelula. Le mfuneko oyinhloko olushisayo lwasehlobo. Peanut thermophilic kakhulu, futhi uma izinga lokushisa lize liba ngaphansi kwe-15, ngakho-ke ukukhula cishe sithule. Isinqumo kufanele kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanelekile ukuba acabangele leli isici. Uma iconsi esifushane lokushisa, imibhede kungenziwa ivaliwe ngokuphelele impahla ekhethekile noma ifilimu. Amantongomane khulani nemibandela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu kulula futhi elula, e indlela ephakathi nendawo zingenza, kodwa kungadingeka ukunikeza amatende esikhashana, esise-Ural, eSiberia ku ekhanyayo nzima kancane, kodwa uma ehlobo kushisa kakhulu, akukwazi ukuqinisekiswa.

Ngezinye izikhathi amantongomane etshalwa ekhaya, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi eyamukelekayo ngempela. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi ungatholi ekuvuneni enkulu. Imbewu angathengwa at esitolo okukhethekile noma amantongomane njalo emakethe, kodwa kumele kube igobolondo. Khetha imbiza akuyona ejulile kakhulu, kodwa ububanzi. Umhlabathi okungcono kakhulu esinakho iwukusebenzisa ukuthengwa, ungakhohlwa ngasesinqeni se pan uthele ungqimba amanzi.

Umhlabathi amantongomane

Amalungu Amantongomane uhlobo lwe - okusanhlamvu, futhi zonke uthando ukukhanya, inhlabathi evundile kanye akhanywa. Umhlabathi akufanele kube khona amanzi amile. Indawo amantongomane ukhethe solar, ngeke ukhule emthunzini, ilanga-onothando plant kakhulu.

Ukutshala groundnuts ngangokunokwenzeka, lapho inhlabathi lifudumeza okungenani 15 ° (ngaphambili kuka engxenyeni May wesibili). Embhedeni ukwenza ukulungele imbobo 10 cm ukujula, uyibeke ngendlela uvalo esifundeni 30-50 cm., Kakhulu, kumele sibe isikhala okukhulu phakathi imigqa (25-30 cm) ukuze izitshalo futhi lisakazeka nge uhlelo strong impande.

ukulungiselela imbewu

Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kungenziwa ofakwe amahora 12-24 ngaphambi pipping. Ngaphambi betshala amanzi emgodini, ayifake ke nuts amabili noma amathathu futhi afafaze phansi. Izithombo bavele angabacwasi ngokushesha, futhi zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Ezindaweni lapho entwasahlobo noma nokunwetshiwe cool, futhi, ungase ufake lamantongomane namantongomane. Growing kungenzeka yisithombo indlela. Nuts kufanele futhi ofakwe amanzi abese eba aze aphakame cishe 5 cm izimbiza ezincane (ubude 8-10 cm) ukujula. Lokhu kufanele kube cishe ekuqaleni noma maphakathi April.

Ukunisela nokondla zikamanyolo

Amantongomane kakhulu sensitive umswakama ngokweqile enhlabathini bese esemoyeni, akathandi ke. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ukuchelela elula ngokwanele. Engingakusho nje kancane imanzise umhlabathi kanye ngesonto, uma kwakukhona izimvula, awudingi ukuba wenze lokhu. izitshalo Adult bazithela kuphela endabeni ehlobo eyomile kakhulu, bese kuphela kuze kube isikhathi lapho ezikhiqiza amaqanda zigweda inhlabathi.

Amantongomane iyaphendula kahle isicelo kukamanyolo yezimbiwa. Kungcono usubengeze phansi inqubo ukumba imibhede kanye namadivayisi. Sebenzisa amalungiselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukunakekela amantongomane

Ukwazi indlela yokutshala amantongomane ku yakhe cottage ehlobo, ungahlala isivuno elincane nuts okunomsoco. Isiko linesizotha kakhulu futhi izindlela zokulima kalula. Ukunakekela zom nezithelo kwetinhlavu amanga ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esifanele Ukukhipha embhedeni ukhula ziba ngcono inhlabathi.

Isici esiphawulekayo peanut ukuthi, kwakhiwa imbali yazo blooms ekuseni fade ngu kusihlwa, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi uye impova kuphela ngaphansi kwalesi simo izithelo. Lapho ezikhiqiza amaqanda kancane kancane uya zifihle enhlabathini, ungakwazi ukuchitha hilling kuqala. Indlela lokhu kwenziwa, wonke umuntu uyazi othile endaweni ukhula amazambane. Inqubo liphindwe izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sonyaka njengoba kudingeka.

imbewu Peanut, kanye samahlumela awo asemasha angase abe izisulu ezilula izinyoni futhi kutuswa ngokokuqala noma ikhava izitshalo igridi zokuzivikela, noma asethwe Injengesithusamagwababa ensimini ukungethusa.

ukuvuna

Iqiniso lokuthi sekuyisikhathi ukuvuna izithelo amantongomane, uzokwaziswa yellowing bese boma amaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka ekwindla, maphakathi no-September. Bush bembe ngokucophelela, kungcono ukusebenzisa izimfoloko. Roots uhlukane Isiqu akudingekile. Izitshalo ngobumnene nivuthulule phansi yomiswa ngokuphelele. Badinga ukuba hung sazelulela phezu ezomile endaweni kahle umoya ukuthi akuyona ikamelo emanzi. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi kamuva, ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokuphepha amantongomane igobolondo zalesi sihlahla ezomile. Izithelo usadinga isikhathi esithile ukuze ome. Igobolondo kumele ekugcineni zome zizace futhi ethambile. Ungabese kukhishwe nati. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle of imvelo efanele yezolimo kanye isihlahla lamantongomane ingaqoqa kuze kufinyelele 500 g izithelo.

Ukuba wathola impendulo yombuzo amantongomane - a nut noma emabhontjisi pods, kungenziwa ngokuphepha kuthathwe ukulima yayo. Ukulima imishini umzamo elula kakhulu futhi nesikhathi ngeke kuholele. Kodwa kungakanani injabulo izitshalo zakhe siqu esekhulile.