Izitho Homologous kanye nendima yabo ngezigaba zezitshalo nezilwane

Namuhla emhlabeni kukhona. Plant nezilwane phezu ayizinkulungwane 100 ezihlala kule planethi yethu nathi. Abaningi babo zidlala indima ebalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo supply chain, okuyinto engacabangeki ngaphandle koxhumano biogenesis ekhona. Ukuze kube lula ukutadisha nezitshalo nezilwane umbuso, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke baye eside kwehliselwe zonke ezaziwayo eziphilayo eziphilayo e esigabeni esithile, ngokuhlanganisa nabo ngokweseluleko jikelele izici begazi. Ekunqumeni noma yisiphi isilwane, isinambuzane noma isitshalo ukuze uhlobo oluthile play main indima izitho homologous, okuyizinto sakhiwo lesifanako kwezitho ezahlukene izilwane nezinyoni.

Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, izitho homologous yazo zonke izinyoni amaphiko nomsila, zonke izilwane - nemilenze emine, izitshalo - amaqabunga nezimbali, nokunye. Ngenxa yalokhu sonke ukwabelana eyaziwa izilwane, izinyoni, izitshalo nenhlanzi emaqenjini athile kanye nezinhlobo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi inezici ayo kokubili ezifanayo futhi ezahlukene ukuthi kubalulekile nalokho yezinye izinto eziphilayo.

izitho Homologous amelela izinhlamvu ezinkulu ezithile uhlobo oluthile umzimba okuyinto avumela futhi isilwane lihlale endaweni ethile. Ngakho, zonke izinhlanzi eziphilayo e igcwele amachibi futhi ube surface zibe maholoholo esebenza njengesikhali suit zokuzivikela, okuvumela izinhlanzi ukuba engabonakali emanzini, kulula ukuya woshushiso, kanye lokuzivikela ukuhlaselwa kungenzeka ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ezinjalo njengoba izitho homologous kwazo zonke izinhlanzi emhlabeni kukhona umsila kanye amaphiko, okuyothi zezinhlanzi zingatshuza emanzini.

Wona kanye umqondo welithi izitho homologous lisuselwa egameni lesi Latin "gomos", okusho ukuthi "okufanayo". Okungukuthi, kuba nemizimba babe isakhiwo esifanayo, kanye nendawo efanayo emzimbeni kwezilwane noma izitshalo. Nokho, lokhu ukufana ayikuvumeli ukuba ukhulume imisebenzi efanayo njengoba nje zingase zihluke kakhulu. Njengoba isibonelo, isakhiwo esifanayo kohlelo lwamathambo we forelimbs yazo zonke izilwane nezinyoni. Nokho, izilwane ukuzisebenzisela ukunyakaza emhlabathini, izinyoni - indiza, nakuba uma ungumeqi isakhiwo sabo sangaphakathi, ke kuyodingeka izimpawu ezithi azifane.

Uma sikhuluma umbuso isitshalo, izitho zabo homologous ethulwa amacembe, stamens, isiqu, uhlelo impande kanye nezithelo. Kunoma yikuphi isitshalo khona impande nitievo-branched, okuyinto ekhona lesi sitshalo labetibambile emhlabathini, kanye uthola amandla umlotha, amaminerali kanye izinto zemvelo enhlabathini. amahlamvu Plate izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa carbon nokwenziwa kanye ukuhwamuka umswakama, futhi isikhathi eside side neziqu kudingeka imenze kwamanzi kokukhanya nomoya befunda izimbali namaqabunga impova kangcono futhi isitshalo esiphelweni.

Ososayensi baye bathola izitho homologous izitshalo ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi ku kulungiselelwa amaphepha kwalo ngokwesayensi, abaningi izazi zefilosofi nazo ziye ncisheka cited bonakaliso hle ukuphila kwezilwane kanye isitshalo imibuso njengenkosikazi ngesisekelo khona avumelanayo zonke izidalwa begazi eplanethini yethu. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi inqubo yentuthuko yokuziphendukela kwemvelo Izitshalo nezilwane eziningi ziye zaguquka abanye, ngenxa okuyinto ezinye iziphathimandla eziye walahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwabo futhi atrophied, kanti abanye baye kwazivelela, wavuthwa futhi wathatha indima enkulu empilweni isidalwa esiphilayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi waphinda ayeqiniseka ngokunemba iqiniso elilula yemvelo - uma ikhona umzimba alisetshenziswa, kancane kancane uyafa, futhi akwazi abanye ukuba bahlakulele namandla futhi kangcono.

Kufinyeta bonke ngenhla, singakwazi fingqa ukuthi izitho homologous is Nokho, izitho ebaluleke kakhulu izidalwa eziphilayo, ezithinta ukubaluleka efanayo morphological, ongenza imisebenzi ehlukene ngokuphelele kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo noma lwesilwane zilwane. Naphezu Nithole ulwazi lwesayensi ngalolu daba, kusekhona igumbi elilodwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nocwaningo.