Amafomu kanye nezindlela magciwane. izindlela Physical futhi amakhemikhali magciwane

amagciwane ayingozi atholakala cishe kuyo yonke ithuba. Inani ikakhulukazi enkulu kubo basuke bagxila izindawo eziminyene - yezokwelapha izikhungo, amabhizinisi. Ukuze bavikele abanye imiphumela emibi amagciwane futhi zingaphinde esakaza, kudinga iqoqo izinyathelo eziqondile (okubizwa ngokuthi magciwane). Amafomu kanye nezindlela magciwane zahlukahlukene kakhulu akhethiwe ngokuhambisana msebenzi.

Ukubulala amagciwane izinyathelo: zinhlobo

Ukwahlukaniswa lolu hlobo ukwelashwa kufaka imisebenzi efana:

• Ngqo magciwane, ogama njongo - ukubhujiswa nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic.
• Disinsection. Lesi senzo, ukuze ulwe izinambuzane ezingase zinezifo (isib, izibungu). Kulesi ukucutshungulwa, sebenzisa emakamelweni ekhethekile nge umusi noma umoya oshisayo, amakhemikhali kusho. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke it is abilayo, yensimbi ironed nelineni.
• Disinfestation. Kuhlanganisa imisebenzi lapho namagundane atholakala neutralized. Lokhu kungase kwenziwe athutha, by zamakhemikhali noma zamagciwane abulalayo (amakati ezifuywayo ezazinaye ngokuqondile wabanjwa amagundane).

izinhlobo magciwane

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko nolokubhujiswa nezilwanyana ezincane. Eyokuqala kuhloswe isivikelo sengcupheni yokutheleleka - okubizwa ngokuthi magciwane izifo. Waboshwa ngo izikhungo abavakashela izingane ezindaweni lapho isibalo esikhulu sabantu ayengaba abathwali ezingaba ukutheleleka (e nezikhungo zezokwelapha, izibhedlela), amachibi uyabhukuda, ezokuthutha izindawo nokunye. N. Uma focus lesi sifo usevele ekhona, kubalulekile magciwane ebalulekile . Kuyinto ezinhlobo ezimbili: langempela futhi esingujuqu. Eyokuqala kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukuhlala njalo endlini yomthombo Amagciwane. Esesibili - emva umthombo ukutheleleka ayisekho abakhona. izindlela Ukubulala amagciwane ahlukile. Ngo umkhuba, basuke kuhlanganiswe ukufezekisa esitebeleni, eliphezulu imiphumela.

Yiziphi izindlela ezahlukene magciwane

Kuye ngalokho ithuluzi main esetshenziswa ukulwa namagciwane secrete izindlela ezithile. Sibambe endlini ezimanzi yokuhlanza, zishanela ukupholisa - konke lokhu unegama ezivamile - magciwane mathupha. Lokhu singasho sithi ongqongqozayo noma shaking okhaphethi, ngesandla egeza. amasu ezinjalo magciwane ngempela ngempumelelo ekhaya, ikakhulukazi umoya omncane. Ngalo inani nanezilokazane emoyeni incipha kakhulu. Enye indlela evame nolokubhujiswa nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic - magciwane begazi. It Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo, ezifana abamelene amagciwane abe nenkani. It is lisetshenziswe nokuhlanzwa kwendle, udoti, cesspits. A yi unikezwa izindlela ezinhle magciwane ezifana ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali.

indlela Physical of magciwane

Le ndlela kwamagciwane ukubulala busakazeke ngenxa ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo. izindlela zabo ezingokomzimba magciwane esekelwe ukusetshenziswa umusi, ukushisa, ultraviolet ray nokunye. N. Boiling naye ungowasendaweni lesi sigaba futhi kuyindlela sasivumela ezilula kodwa eziphumelelayo ukuqeda lesi sifo kwabanye. Kukhona ikhamera ekhethekile (e-sanitary wokuhlola amakamelo, nezikhungo zezokwelapha), lapho kusetshenzwe zangaphansi noma amashidi nge umusi (ingcindezi). izindlela zabo ezingokomzimba magciwane aphumelela ngendlela ekhethekile ezimweni lapho ukusetshenziswa okwenqatshelwe kwanoma iyiphi ejenti zamakhemikhali (kungenzeka ezifana izinto kabana kungani leso senzo sabo). I emisebeni ultraviolet elisetshenziswa magciwane imfucuza. Ezinye nezilwanyana ezincane bayabulawa lapho zihlatshwa ukuqondisa elangeni (kodwa ngesikhathi esithile kuphela, futhi isikhathi sonyaka). Empeleni umuntu wenyama magciwane uhlobo esetshenziswa ilondolo ukucutshungulwa, izitsha, kusaladi kanye zomculo. Ultrasound kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindlela zabo ezingokomzimba magciwane futhi inzalo - omunye kwaphumelela kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ephephile izisebenzi.

Ukusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali

Le ndlela ka magciwane kuvamile hhayi kuphela e nezikhungo zezokwelapha, futhi kwezinye izindawo, ezifana Tinsita, ezokuthutha, ezolimo, umkhakha ukudla nabanye abaningi. amasu Chemical magciwane yenzelwa ekubhujisweni noma ukuncipha umsebenzi amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta. Ukubulala amagciwane kungenzeka kwenziwe ngezindlela eziningana: sifakwe emanzini, esesula, izinhlelo zenkasa, ngilale. ukukhetha lakhe encike ngqo kwi indawo ephindwe, okuyinto okumele kusetshenzwe, kanye nesikhathi lapho kudingeka uthole umphumela. Futhi kucatshangelwe kanye impahla into, ukumisa yayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izindlela amakhemikhali magciwane ezihilela ukusetshenziswa ezinobuthi, ngakho uma usebenza nabo kubalulekile ukuba banamathele izincomo kanye umthamo.

imishini decontaminating

Ngesisekelo usebenzisa izibulali-magciwane elandelayo izinto: chlorine, compounds yayo, utshwala (ETHYL noma methyl), formaldehyde (futhi formaldehyde) - lezi non-oluphelele uhlu amakhemikhali. izindlela Chemical futhi izibulali-magciwane akuzona ngaphandle iodine, i-hydrogen peroxide, phenols, isixazululo Lugol. Futhi ewusizo, nosawoti ahlukahlukene acid. Zonke zamakhemikhali kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile: ukuba engabizi, etholakalayo, oncibilikayo emanzini, babe ezinhle germicidal izakhiwo okungezona elahlekile phezu USB. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile - ukuphepha ukusetshenziswa. Izibulali-magciwane zikhishwa ngesimo izixazululo, aerosols, amaphilisi, powder. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula siphephe uma usebenza nge izibulali-magciwane. Bonke kufanele ibe ziqukathi, ngamalebula, elisho ngokucacile ukuthi igama kanye usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi. Akunakwenzeka ukulungiselela isixazululo usebenza nengenawo umoya ohlanzekile owanele, amakamelo encane. Akwamukeleki nalapho kufaka ukusebenzisa amanzi afudumele (nobe hot) e dilution yabo.

magciwane imibuso

Imibhalo Yokuphatha emithathu emikhulu magciwane umbuso.

• R-1 sibhekiswe kokubhubhisa coliform amagciwane amagciwane ezibangela izifo zokuphefumula.
• P-2 - imodi lapho kukhona umzabalazo ngesifo sofuba Amagciwane kanye zonke izinhlobo amakhowe.
• Imodi wesithathu (P-3) iqondiswe ekulweni ne-HIV ne-hepatitis.

Ukuze ngamunye zilwane isungule indlela ekhethekile izifundo, kanti ezinye magciwane kusho. Technique yakhiwa lokuhlushwa ezithile into, isikhathi lapho izindlela magciwane imibuso ukunikeza umphumela eziphawuleka kakhulu. Ngo nezikhungo zezokwelapha Izinhlelo ze-magciwane zamanje, ubuningi ngumnyango ngamunye (zokubelethisa, ukuhlinzwa).

Kangakanani ngesigezo isandla

Ukuze izisebenzi zezokwelapha inkinga acute kakhulu abanekhono ukwelashwa izingalo. Kulesi magciwane ezisetshenzisiwe kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ukunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisa i-microorganism pathogenic lukadokotela esigulini, ukunciphisa isibalo izifo nosocomial. Ukwabela egeza zenhlanzeko (emva ukuhlolwa, lwegumbi), magciwane yokuhlanzeka. Kumele kwenziwe lapho sihlala esikhunjeni, izilonda, imijovo, ukuhlinzwa. ukuphathwa Steel izandla ezidingekayo ukuze wonke umuntu obamba iqhaza kulo mkhankaso. Kulokhu, izandla ziya wageza. Ayesebenza ithuluzi ekhethekile, okuyinto wagcoba kwamaminithi 2. Umthamo kunqunywa uhlobo liquid magciwane. Inqubo kufanele liphindwe futhi.

ukulawula izinga magciwane

Ukuze ukuhlola ikhwalithi zokukhwabanisa, wasebenzisa siwasebenzise indlela. It is eyenziwa ngaphambi nangemva magciwane, kodwa amayunithi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-3 imishini (1% of the eziningi ziphathwe). Uma amagciwane ayingozi angekho, izindlela magciwane esetshenziswa nemiphumela oyifunayo. Uma kutholakala flora pathogenic, zonke izinsimbi kufanele waphinda ukuya kwinqubo decontamination. Futhi ukukhulisa amasampula egazi ukuze khona izinsalela kanye insipho (zingagoduka trace ane-alikhali). Ukulawula izinga magciwane ezikhungweni zokwelapha Kwenziwa nsuku zonke. Abantu Abadala Abavuthiwe sokufeza nomzanyana wakhe abaphezulu.