Ama-engines "ama-Cummins" (ama-Cummins): imininingwane, ukubuyekezwa kochwepheshe nezithombe

Abathandi bezimoto bezwe okuningi mayelana nezinjini ze-diesel ze-American brand Cummins. Ama-engines "ama-Cummins" amade kunzima ukufaka emalini nasezimoto zombili abakhiqizi basekhaya nabangaphandle. Lezi zimoto zihlomele "iGaleli", "Kamaz", i-pics Nisssan, amabhasi ahlukahlukene nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Sizojwayelana nalomkhiqizi nemikhiqizo yakhe.

Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe "Cummins"

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-95, inkampani ibilokhu ikhiqiza ama-Cummins enginesisindo eliphezulu, esonayo futhi ephumelelayo. Namuhla, lo mkhiqizo uthathwa njengomunye wabaholi bembonini.

Isungulwe inkampani ngo-1919 e-United States, noma kunalokho, e-Indiana. Abasunguli bangacatshangwa ukuthi uKlessi Kammis, wayengumshini wokuqala wemoto. Waphefumulelwa kakhulu ngokusungulwa kukaRudolf Diesel ukuthi ngonyaka ofanayo wakha iyunithi yakhe yokuqala. Wayenama-6 amalitha kuphela. Nge. Amandla, kodwa kwakuyisiqalo nje.

Injini yabalimi

Ngokushesha umshayeli wanda futhi wathandwa abalimi bendawo. Ekupheleni konyaka, injini ingabuyiselwa ngenani lemali. Ngo-1929, i-Cummins yaqala ukukhiqiza izinjini ze-diesel ngezikebhe nemikhumbi, futhi ama-diesel generator aqala ukukhiqizwa. Ngomnyaka we-1930, i-Cummins injini ye-diesel yaqala ukufakwa kwamaloli amaningi kanye ne-Packard limousines.

Namuhla umkhiqizi unikeza amayunithi e-diesel enekhono kusuka ku-70 kuya ku-3500 amalitha. Nge. Ama Motors asethuthukiswa emabhizinisini angu-56 ahlukene, atholakala emhlabeni jikelele. Amazwe angaphezu kuka-160 asebenzisa imikhiqizo yenkampani emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yemboni nokukhiqiza.

Izici Eziyinhloko

Njengoba umugqa womkhiqizo wenkampani ukhulu, amandla awo ahluka kakhulu kusuka ku-70 kuya ku-3500 amalitha. Nge. Ubungqayizivele balezi zimoto ukuthi umkhiqizi ugxile kuphela kuma-diesel. Ngenxa yokugxila okuncane, kungenzeka ukufezekisa imiphumela ephakeme kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-torque ngamanye amamodeli ayi-13,000 Nm.

Phakathi kwezinjini ungathola amamodeli nge ukusebenza okuhluke kakhulu. Phakathi kweyunithi eyaziwa kakhulu - 4-cylinder kanye no-6-cylinder in-line amayunithi. Kodwa-ke, ababusi bahlanganisa amamodeli a-V.

Isikhathi kulezi zimoto iningi sinomsebenzi we-valves, i-camshaft ne-drive. Umshini we-valve uboniswa ngesimo se-valve ngokwayo kanye nesihlalo ngokwawo. Ukwandisa izinga lokushintshaniswa kwegesi, kanye nokwanda kwamandla, isilinda ngasinye sezinjini zalolu hlobo liqukethe amabilidi we-valve angenayo kanye nama-valve wokukhipha. Kuye ngesibonelo, i-camshaft ingatholakala ngaphansi noma ngenhla.

Isistimu yamandla isekelwe kumjovo kagesi. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi izinjini zikwazi ukonga ngokwanele. Uhlelo lwephethiloli lusebenzisa izihlungi ezilungelo lobunikazi olwenziwe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphakeme kakhulu, futhi amapayipi akhiwa ngezinto zokuvimbela ukushisa ezinokumelana okuncane kwamagesi. Lokhu kuvumela inkampani ukuba ibe umholi wembonini.

Umndeni we-Cummins ISF

Okwamanje, umndeni we-diesel ye-diesel ISF imelelwa yizinjini ezimbili zama-diesel angu-2.8 amalitha no-3.8 amalitha. Iyokuqala iya "Gazelle", eyesibili isethelwe "Vladai". Umehluko olunjalo kumthamo wezimoto ufezwa ngenxa yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuklama kokubili amayunithi kuhlanganiswa ngokugcwele. Abanjiniyela basebenzisa izingxenye ezivamile kuzo zombili izingxenye zamandla ngo-70%.

Injini ye-2.8-litre inezilungiselelo zamandla ayisithupha. Kusetshenziswa "iGazethi" cishe kuncane kakhulu kubo. Lesi silungiselelo singama-120 amalitha. Nge. Ngaphezu kwalolu hlobo olukhanyayo, kusekhona amamodeli anama-131 amalitha. S kanye nama-150 amalitha. Nge. Ngokuqondene ne-torque, cishe i-360 Nm ngo-1800 rpm. Uma unikeza i- crankshaft ukuba iqhume isivinini esikhulu futhi ulungise ukuphakelayo, khona-ke ungathola izilungiselelo zamandla amathathu.

Injini "uCummins Valdai"

Injini ye-3.8-litre ivumela uValdai ukuba abe nokudingeka okuhle emakethe. Namuhla, le moto ingafaniswa ngokuphepha nezinye izimoto zangaphandle. Leli yunithi inezilungiselelo zamandla amathathu kuphela. Iloli lihlonyelwe ukubeka ama-154 amalitha. Nge. Akuyona into enamandla kunazo zonke, kodwa okwanele kumshini onjalo.

Uma ujwayele umugqa wama-diesel walesi sakhi, khona-ke injini engu-3.8-litre ezinkambweni zayo zokuklama injenge-injini yelitha. Iyunithi ifakwe esakhiweni se-cast iron esinezikhwama ngaphandle kwemikhono. Lapha, okufanayo kunhloko ngayinye ye-cylinder ye-iron efanayo efanayo, i-valve ezine yendabuko, i-turbocharger. Umshini uphinde uhlome uhlelo lwesitimela esivamile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamagesi

Labo abashayeli abasebenzisa uValdai ngenjini ye-Minsk bathi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi i-Cummins iyancipheka kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukugeleza kungaba ngu-14-17 l / 100 km.

Injini ebizwa ngokuthi "GAZelle Cummins"

Esigabeni esithi "iGazethi" usethe "amaCummins" aseChina. Ake simazi kangcono. Lena iyunithi yamandla angu-120 amalitha. Nge. I-torque engu-297 Nm.

Izici ze injini zingaphezu kokuhle kwabashayeli basekhaya. Cishe izinkomba ezifanayo zaze kwaba injini yephethiloli neGAZ-53. Kodwa amandla okuthwala ayengekho amathani ayi-1.5, kodwa wonke 4.

Ama-motors ase-Austrian, ayehlome izimoto ngaphambili, alahlekelwa kakhulu yi-"Cummins". Ngisho ne-ZMZ-405 enamandla ilahlekelwa idizili nge-torque. Lesi yisisekelo sezinto zonke, ngakho-ke ukushintsha okungcono kwe-overclocking, ukuthinta kalula imoto elayishiwe.

Indawo ye-motor in the "Gazelle"

I-injini ethi "Cummins" 2.8 yafakwa ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwesigodlo semoto. Ngokwezici zayo ze-geometri, ingafaniswa ne-ZMZ-402. Iyunithi yenzelwe injini yendawo yonke, engahlanganiswa nanoma iyiphi imodeli. Kwakuvele kube yinkimbinkimbi futhi elula.

Ngenhla kukhona ipompo yokuphumula. Ipompo lamanzi lisehlangothini lwe-cylinder block. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipompo ihlanganiswe eyunithi eyodwa enepompo lamafutha. Ipompo leoli lifana neVAZ-2108. Le mpompa, eyanikezwa ubukhulu bayo, inezici ezinhle kakhulu. Umshini wepompo yamanzi yi- poly-V-belt, ekhonza njengomshayeli we-fan.

Izici

I-injini ye "GAZelle Cummins" ihluke kwi-shaft yokusakaza ku-block, kanye nokushayela kwesikhathi ngesikhathi seketheni elilodwa. Kulesi simo, uchungechunge ngokwalo lukhona ohlangothini lwe-flywheel. Abanjiniyela benza lokhu ukuze kuqedwe umsindo ongadingekile. Lolu hlobo lube ne-voler othomathikhi. Ungakhohlwa ukugcinwa kwazo, zinokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Ama-gaskets e-GBC - ukulungiselelwa kohlobo, kusuka kumashidi ensimbi, ngakho awadingi isevisi ekhethekile.

Kukhona isici esithakazelisayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukushayela kwepompoli kagesi akusebenziswanga ngeketheni, kodwa nge gear ehlukile kwi-crankshaft. Ngakho, onjiniyela baye bakhulisa injini ye "Cummins". Idivaysi yakhelwe ngendlela yokukhipha umsebenzi ongadingekile wesifunda.

Ukuze injini isebenze ezindaweni zethu, ifakwe ne-heater ukuze kube lula ukuqala. Ukuvuthwa kwegesi kungatholakala ekudleni okuningi. Izihlungi ze-Fuel nazo zifakwe ukushisa.

Ukugcinwa nokulungisa

Abakhiqizi batusa ukugcinwa okuvamile kwezingxenye eziyinhloko, ukuguqula uketshezi oluthile, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-electronic component, njalo ukufaka izihlungi zikafutha. Kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukulungiswa kwenjini ngokwepasipoti. Khona-ke ngeke ihluleke futhi ngeke kulungiswe. Ngokusho kwepasipoti, imvamisa yensiza inkulu kakhulu. Lokhu kujabulisa abathwali.

Uma injini ihluleka, ngaphambi kokwenza ukulungiswa kwe-Cummins engines, kuphakanyiswa ukuqhuba ukuxilongwa nge-elektroniki. Leyunithi ifakwe uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi, okuyinto ngamakhodi wephutha kuzokwenza kucacise ukuthi iyiphi i-node ethile ehlulekile.

Impendulo yomnikazi

Abanikazi bakaValdai nabakwa-ISF 3.8 bakholelwa ukuthi imoto yaba usizo kakhulu. Ngaphandle komnotho wedizadidi, izindleko zokusebenza nazo ziphansi kakhulu. Lokhu konke kuhlanganiswe namanothi wezinsiza eziphezulu.

Kodwa akusikho konke, lokho okwenziwe ngabanikazi bemoto "Cummins." Ukubuyekeza kusho ukuthi lena iyunithi engenayo inkinga. Ngensizakalo esifike ngesikhathi futhi kuzo zonke izinkinga. Umshini uqala ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi kunawo wonke futhi elishisayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ku-11 amalitha. Yiqiniso, izinguquko ezinhle zenzeke, kodwa izinkinga ezimbi aziqapheli.

Amashayeli enjini anelisekile. Abaningi badluliselwa eGAZel kusuka ezimotweni zangaphandle. Ngokuba imoto eyenziwa eChina, lokhu kuyinhloko yamathuba. Ekulungiseni kulula, uma uqonda idivayisi yezinjini ze-dizeli, khona-ke ama-breakage amaningi ajwayelekile angaphathwa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokuvakashela izikhungo zesevisi ezisemthethweni. Ngokuvamile ukungazilungisi injini "I-Cummins", ukubuyekezwa kwabashayeli bezimeluleka ukwenza njalo ukushintshwa kwamafutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwempahla.

Abashayeli abaningi bakhononda ngezinga eliphakeme lomsindo ovela kule injini ye-diesel, ikakhulukazi uma bevame ukuhamba ngamagumbi epholiyoli. Yebo, umsindo usabonakala kuwo, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwe-hood i-turbine iphinde itholakale. Abaningi bakhononda ukuthi ehlobo imoto iyashisa kakhulu. Abanye abantu babhala ukuthi ayikho imibono eyanele. I unit ayifanele kulabo abathanda ijubane eliphezulu. Imoto iyasheshisa ngo-2000 rpm. Nge-turbine.

Izindleko zamamori

Labo abakhetha ukuthenga injini "Cummins" - intengo ingaba ngu-500 000 p. Ngalokhu izindleko, ungathenga injini ye-2.8 litre ye "GAZelle". "I-Cummins Valdai" izobiza ama-ruble angu-625 ayizinkulungwane. Yiqiniso, lokhu kubiza kakhulu. Kodwa kukhona enye indlela. Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150 ungathenga i-unit power power unit nge-mileage ku-"GAZelle". Lena yinani elihle kakhulu enjini yaseChina. Okuthandwa kakhulu, imithombo yayo inkulu kakhulu, cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-500. Ngamanani anjalo lokhu kuyindlela enhle kakhulu. Yebo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi kuncane kunalokho okufana nokufana ne-UMP ne-ZMZ.

Ngakho, sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinjini ze-Cummins, ukubuyekezwa kwabanikazi bemoto, izindleko kanye nokucaciswa.