Alisa Gessenskaya, Grand Duchess: Biography, indaba yokuphila nothando

Ngubani Alisa Gessenskaya? Kuyini lokhu wesifazane odumile emlandweni? has kanjani ukuphila kwakhe? Zonke lezi mibuzo uzothola izimpendulo kulesi sihloko.

umsuka

Alisa Gessenskaya wathola ngesikhathi sokuzalwa igama Victoria Helena uLouise Beatrice Alice ka Hesse-Darmstadt. Wazalelwa Juni 6, 1872 eJalimane. UMbusikazi ikusasa Russia ithole yokuqamba yayo abamele ezine asebukhosini lwamagama esuselwe: umama, futhi u-Alice, nodade ezine Umama. ubaba wakhe ovelele Duke Ludwig IV, umama - Duchess Alice. Le ntombazane yesine, indodakazi omncane umndeni abadumile.

Esakhula

Princess Alisa Gessenskaya ngofuzo hemophilia zofuzo. Lesi sifo idluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enganeni emndenini yabo akuyona isizukulwane sokuqala. Kuyamangalisa waboniswa amadoda akhe anamandla ngokuchachileyo besifazane babengoFakazi kuphela abantu bomdabu abalukhulumayo. Kulesi isifo, encishisiwe igazi ekunqandeni, okuyinto kungadala ukopha okunzima, lapho kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. On amantombazane impilo isifo yayingakuthinti.

Native Hesse ngo-1878 usebhekene umqedazwe idiphtheria. Ngathinteka yakhe nomndeni Alice. Dying nonina nodadewabo Mei. Ngemva kwalokho, le ongumfelokazi Louis IV enquma ukuthumela Alice endleleni ukuze ugogo wakhe, azi ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni unina. Esikhathini esiningi le indlalifa yowesifazane yesihlalo sobukhosi uchitha e-UK, i-Isle of Wight. Ngakho, ebuntwaneni yayenza castle Balmoral, lapho ugogo wakhe njalo spoilt - iNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi uVictoria. Izazi-mlando ziye a ngesisa akhethekile uthando uVictoria nomzukulu wakhe, ambiza ngokuthi "ukukhanya kwelanga yami".

Ngokuzayo Duchess Alisa Gessenskaya kwahluka isizotha nokukhuthala ezifundweni zabo. A nethonya elikhulu eyingane wayeyijabulela zonke lwamakhosi zenkolo.

Lapho ngiqala ukuyobona i-Russia

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-engu-12, Grand Duchess of Hesse futhi Rhine Alice wavakashela eRussia okokuqala. Ngo-1884, udadewabo omdala Ella waba mfazi Russian Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Kwakuphakathi emcimbini wedding nkosazana esencane yabona uNicholas II - isikhulu, indodana ka-uMbusi u-Alexander III. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokushesha bathandile Alice. Khona-ke Nikolai kwaba kakade 16 futhi yambheka bekhexile, ecabanga kaKesari umuntu ukhulile futhi wafundiswa esizayo. Duchess oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala ka nesizotha waphinda nesibindi ukukhuluma uNicholas kwesokunxele Russia ngothando lula enhliziyweni.

ukuqeqeshwa

A indima enkulu ofundisa ingane ukudlala Alice inkolo. Yena ahlonishwe wonke amasiko engcwele futhi kwaba ngempela ozinikele. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa isizotha sakhe safaka kamuva wamshaya uNicholas II. Wabonisa intshiseko ezinhle nakulo humanities, wayenesithakazelo ezombusazwe, izindaba zomphakathi kanye kwamaZwe. ugqozi wakhe inkolo Umncele nezimfihlakalo. Yena asithandayo isifundo wezenkolo theosophy, okuyinto kuphumelele kakhulu futhi kamuva wathola iziqu ze-doctorate nefilosofi eCambridge University.

Ubuhlobo nozoba umyeni wakho uNicholas II no-Wedding

Ngo-1889, e-Grand Duchess Alice ka Hesse abuyele Petersburg. Lapha yena wamenyelwa udade Ella nomyeni wakhe. Ngemva inhlangano eside nge uNicholas II phakathi amasonto 6 Isigodlo esihle amafulethi uSergiyu yena wakwazi ukunqoba inhliziyo eyizibulo kumbusi Russia. Emaphuzwini akhe, emuva lé ngawo-1916, uNicholas II uzokutshela ukuthi inhliziyo yakhe baya intombazane sithobekile futhi amnandi nge uthando kuqala, futhi kakade ngenkathi kuhlanganwa okwesibili, wayazi ukuthi wayengeke amthathe abe ngumkakhe bakhe kuphela.

Kodwa choice yakhe ayizange ekuqaleni evunyiwe abazali ovelele. Wabikezela umshado noHelen Luizoy Genriettoy, indlalifa yowesifazane Paris igrafu. Lo mshado laba usizo olukhulu umbusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mama ongowokuzalwa Nicholas Dane futhi ayikuthandi amaJalimane. I-Alice kakhulu esifanayo, wabuyela ugogo esigodlweni, waqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola umlando isiRashiya, wakhuluma nabo umbhishobhi wama-Orthodox. Koroleva Viktoriya, ngubani akhuleka umzukulu, evunyiwe ngokushesha ukukhetha kwakhe futhi ngazo zonke izindlela ukuba ngimsize afunde nesiko elisha. udade osekhulile u-Ella, wazinika isikhathi kanye negama zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni Elizabeth Feodorovna, efana nomyeni wakhe, zasiza abathandi izincwadi. Yiqiniso, uhlobo Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, udade abasemzini Alice, ezihlobene asebukhosini uletha eningi izinzuzo.

Elinye iqiniso emibi umndeni Romanov kwaba isifo owaziwa UMbusi Hesse lwamakhosi. Ukwesaba isifo izindlalifa esizayo wangabaza ukuhlakanipha okukhethayo.

UNicholas II wayefuna ulalelwe ngenkani nokuphikelelayo, akazange avumelane ukuncenga unina Maria Feodorovna. Kwakungisiza uthandana umcimbi omuhle ezibuhlungu. Alexander III 1893, nezibi, futhi kwakungekho umbuzo mayelana nokuzibandakanya ngokushesha indlalifa wokuqala okwakufanele abe inkosi. Cela esandleni Alisy Nikolay waya kakhulu, April 2, 1894, kwathi ngo-April 6, kwamenyezelwa ukubandakanyeka. Ngemva kokufa koMbusi Alexander III Alisa Gessenskaya wathatha okholweni Orthodox, futhi wathola igama Alexandra Feodorovna. By the way, umyeni wakhe zisencane intombazane ekuseni okuthiwa kuphela njengoba Alix - okuthiwa ngokuhlanganisa 2 - Alice no-Aleksandru. Umshado kwadingeka ukuba ubambe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kungenjalo umshado kungaba ukwephula umthetho, futhi u-Alice engacela ungacabangeli umkakhe umbusi omusha, ngakho esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto kusanda kungcwatshwa uyise, uNicholas II washada nomkakhe othandekayo. Izazi-mlando uqaphele ukuthi ngisho labo langemva komshado senzeke ukukhala ulilela sengathi abaprofetha ngosizi Romanov lwamakhosi.

imisebenzi State nomsebenzi zezombusazwe

Alice Gessenskaya Aleksandra Fedorovna kwadingeka ukuba ngokushesha okukhulu ukujwayela ezweni elisha, ukujwayelana nesiko elisha. Abacwaningi bathi mhlawumbe kwaba kushintsha isimo kakhulu ngakho kuthonywa ubuntu Alexandra Feodorovna. Ukuthobeka Nokubhekana agodliwe, yena evele waqhosha, hypochondria kanye umuntu izingqongqo. UMbusikazi wayeyinhloko regiments eziningana ezempi, ezihlanganisa ngaphandle ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso.

Uphinde bahileleke umsebenzi wokusiza abantu. Eholwa wakhe, inhlangano okwaduma ezifana izikhungo zabangenamakhaya, izibhedlela, ukunakekelwa ekhaya kanye netinhlangano temmango. Wafunda icala yezokwelapha futhi mathupha basiza msebenzi.

Ukubeka Alexandra

Esehlakalweni sokuqala ezingemnandi ezihilela ukukhwabanisa emphilweni Alice ka Hesse, umka uNicholas II, le kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi wayengeke ubelethe indodana umyeni othandekayo. Njengoba akhulela kusukela ekuzalweni njengoba unkosikazi esizayo umphathi, bayaboshwa enye indodakazi owazalelwa ngokuthi uyisiqalekiso wezono futhi ushintshe ukholo. nezimfihlakalo Kwalo okubangelwa ukubukeka esigodlweni Philip. Kwakuyisikhathi imbulu odabuka eFrance, ngubani banxenxa iNdlovukazi ukuthi uyakwazi ngomlingo ukusiza ukunika umyeni wakhe ukuthi bazoba nendlalifa. Philip baze bakwazi ngisho Alexandra sikholelwe ukuthi ukhulelwe, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuze uhlale esigodlweni. Ngokusebenzisa indlovukazi wayethethelela kakhulu abathintekayo kanye Umbusi ngokwakhe. Saxosha kwaze kwaba ngemva kokuba isinqumo odokotela mayelana "ukukhulelwa zamanga".

Abangane emphilweni Alexandra Feodorovna kwaba inkantolo udumo. Phakathi kwabo ugcizelela Princess Baryatinsky, Baroness futhi Countess Buxhowden Gendrikov, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i ngothando Nastenka. Vala ubungani Empress isikhathi eside kwaholela casula Vyrubovoy. Kwaba nale ntokazi Alisa Gessenskaya - ngomfazi uNicholas II, le wahlangana Grigoriem Rasputinym, kamuva owaba nethonya elikhulu isiphetho umbuso.

Phakathi izikhonzi Duchess German akazange ukuphatha ukufeza sothando nokuzinikela okungantengantengi. Alexandra iphathwa kabi abanye, akuvamile kuwo ungase uzwe udumo, noma amazwi omusa.

I indlalifa okwase kukudala ilindelwe yesihlalo sobukhosi

Emva kokuzalwa amadodakazi amane - Olga, Tatiana, Maria Anastasia - umbhangqwana imperial ubabele uthole umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla okwakufanele abe inkosi. Kodwa kwenzeka isimangaliso, futhi ngo-1904 kwafika indodana eside elindelwe, okuthiwa u-Alexei. Ngenhlanhla kwakungekho umkhawulo, ngaphandle ukuthi isakhi sofuzo hemophilia namanje kubonakala abanempilo womfana. Ibe ngesikhathi esigodlweni Rasputin wamsiza babhekane nalesi sifo, njengoba izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile enganikanga imiphumela emihle. Leli qiniso kwenza uGregory eduze asebukhosini.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

iminyaka yakhe yokugcina sasimuncu futhi nzima Alexandra. Wayengumngane umama emangalisayo, indodakazi yakhe basizwa ukuba afeze ukuhlinzwa esibhedlela futhi wachitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ne amasosha alimele, amalungu kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Ngemva Februwari Revolution, oda uhulumeni amasha omkhaya Romanovs abangu uboshelwa endlini futhi kamuva ethunyelwe idluliselwe kuzo zonke kusukela Petersburg ukuze Tobolsk. Ngo-April 1918 amaBolshevik wathutha iimbotjhwa Ekaterinburg, egcwele isiphephelo zokugcina asebukhosini. UNicholas II kuze kube muva nje bavikela umndeni wakhe, kodwa ngobusuku Julayi 17, 1918 wonke amalungu omndeni Romanov waya egumbini futhi badutshulwa. Abazibonele izenzakalo watshelwa ukuthi, kuze kube lokufa, Alexandra wahamba nekhanda okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu ebusuku ehlobo igcwaliswe nokubusa Romanov lwamakhosi.