Abbey of Saint-Denis: umlando, incazelo, isithombe

Abbey of Saint-Denis ngokuvamile akufakiwe uhlelo ejwayelekile izivakashi uhambo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi itholakala endaweni nedlelo ezabe zincishwe amathuba kakhulu Paris. Kodwa le ndawo ongowenani elikhulu zomlando, nakanjani yayo kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa.

ekudalweni Legend Abbey

Umsuka igama Saint-Denis lihlotshaniswa legend of noDiyonisiyu - umbhishobhi wokuqala Paris futhi usanta France. Njengoba indaba iya, wathunyelwa kulesi sifunda Pantifikom ngoba impatho galliytsev amaqaba ukholo lobuKristu. Wabulawa e Montmartre phakathi nokubusa kweNkosi valerian: anqunywe ikhanda. Nokho, umzimba St noDiyonisiyu weza ekhanda lakhe, wamthatha ezingalweni zakhe futhi wangena namanje ecishe ibe yisithupha noma isikhombisa amakhilomitha-mpumalanga. Ngemva kuyo yawela eceleni settlement encane, esagcina ngegama lakhe: Saint-Denis. Le ndaba eyenzeka ezikude 258 AD. Kuze kube manje, izithonjana St NoDiyonisiyu ukuboniswa ubambe ikhanda lakhe ezandleni zakhe.

Endaweni yokungcwaba noDiyonisiyu laseParis, nakakhulu ngokunembile ngaphezu ethuneni, ngonyaka 475 Yakhiwa nesibusiso isonto Saint Genevieve we Isigodlo Saint-Denis. Ngesikhathi ke kwaku emathuneni Gallo-Roman. Futhi ekhulwini VII ngomyalo round King Dagobert Okokuqala lamiswao yesonto. Umbusi ngokwakhe wafisa ukuba angcwatshwe lapha. Abbey wangcwatshwa zonke mithi waseFrance: amakhosi nezindlovukazi, izikhulu namakhosazana. Idatha njengobunengi bemiphefumulo ka nemingcwabo ephakeme e emithonjeni ehlukene ziyahlukahluka, ngoba akubona bonke yokungcwaba balondolozwa. amathuna amaningi kwabhujiswa.

isitayela Gothic uthatha izimpande zawo lapha

Ibandla St noDiyonisiyu waba kabusha izikhathi eziningana: ngekhulu lesikhombisa lapho edala Isigodlo phakathi nokubusa Pepin le iDemo. Ekhulwini XII le abbey isibe oqavile futhi enamandla eFrance. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa nokwanda kwalo futhi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezintsha. Lokhu umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo ezinkulu usethule Abbot Suger - sibalo ukukhanyiselwa futhi esivelele zenkolo yesizukulwane sakhe, isihambi. baziswa wayo, walalela ke amakhosi amaningana isiFulentshi (isb, Louis lesine futhi Louis lwesikhombisa).

Umqondo kabusha kwaba ukubonakalisa Ukukhuluphala waseFrance namasiko alo e-Europe, futhi emhlabeni wonke. Ukwakhiwa iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Abbot babefuna ukuqhubeka the look wokuqala. Ngakho ngenxa kuhlangana amasiko yezakhiwo kanye Amathrendi kwaphakama isitayela gothic: Ingxubevange Burgundy kanye izitayela Romanesque. Futhi isakhiwo sokuqala esakhiwa ku isitayela Gothic, kwaba isonto yesonto ka Saint-Denis.

Suger, umakhi is dalo ephezulu namabala amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile esibonisa izindaba ezithile eziseBhayibhelini, 'enziwe rose "ngaphezu komnyango, baba imihlobiso we yesonto. Church of Saint-Denis aqhubeka ibuyiselwe, futhi ngemva kokufa Abbot Suger. Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, njalo into, ngakho kule umhlobiso usuku ubudala ifikile kuphela ingxenye.

Tomb zamakhosi akwa-France

Esikhathini XIII leminyaka, Louis IX, ngaphambilini ukudluliselwa wonke amalungelo yokungcwaba mithi lakhe ensimini ka Abbey. Ibandla phathelana ikhonze njengomPristi ethuneni zamakhosi akwa-France.

On tombstones kusuka izinkathi ezihlukahlukene kungaba ukulandela njengoba zishintshe futhi zathuthuka kanjani art omngcwabo emakhulwini eminyaka ahlukene. Ingxenye slabs kanye izikhumbuzo lihlotshiswe eziqoshiwe, izibalo zamakhosi elele (lokhu Zinjalo ekhulwini weshumi nambili), Yempucuko tombstones ehlotshiswe izingoma kakade nge kwethemba lovuko.

Abbey of Saint-Denis ezinsukwini we Revolution eFrance

Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, Huguenot impi ngenxa yomonakalo ezisemqoka nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu yesonto, kodwa emathuneni wahlupheka kakhulu phakathi French Revolution. Umlotha autocrat ukuthi elahliwe emgodini futhi wangcwatshwa, inani elikhulu zigcinwa endaweni imisebenzi yobuciko zisusiwe noma ilahleke.

Kuthiwa wabaholi sibekwe obala isidumbu seNkosi uLouis Wesine. Okwesikhathi esithile, umuntu ayenamandla akhuphuke sibheke izinsalela. Ezinye izidumbu udwenguliwe, esilinganayo ikhaya necrophilia ngisho ithengiswe.

Lokhu black page yomlando we yesonto ka Saint-Denis isizophela. Leli thempeli kwakufanele sibhidlizwe ngomyalo yesiBethamthetho seNarha, kodwa ngomzuzu wokugcina ke sahoxiswa.

Ngo 1814, wanqwabelanisa endaweni "Amathuna mass" amakhosi izinsalela abangu bemba, eqoqwe endaweni Crypt e assuary. Futhi ngo-1869, uqobo Basilica Abbey of Saint-Denis ibuyiselwe umakhi emangalisayo French Viollet-le-Duc, obuyisele hhayi omunye lesikhumbuzo elikhulu. Azikhandla, isibonelo, lombhishobhi Notre-Dame du Mont-Saint-Michel nabanye. Ngekhulu XVII Saint-Denis Kwabuye kwaba isebenze njengophawu ethuneni ngokuba umqhele.

emcimbini yokungcwaba iNkosi

Ekhulwini XVII, ngokuvumelana theory zomthetho isiFulentshi, inkosi kumele awufi. It is kakhulu kugcizelelwa inqwaba yokungcwaba amasiko. Umbusi waba essence ezimbili: nomuntu kanye beKosi agcotshiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, umngcwabo King Henry the Okwesine yayithatha izinsuku ezingamashumi amane. I ingaphakathi yenkosi zisusiwe ngemva kokufa futhi wangcwatshwa Abbey of Saint-Denis wedwa futhi ngaphandle emcimbini. A inhliziyo ehlanzekile impela, wathi ufuna ukungenzela utshwala emphethweni, wagcoba ngamakhambi esikhwameni ngendwangu ke ebhokisini phambili, okuyinto wabekwa kakade ebhokisini esiliva. ISilo izinhliziyo zigcinwe ezindaweni ezahlukene. Bona enamathiselwe Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba inhliziyo, basuke ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele France. Umzimba bamgqumisa, ngcwaba ngokwehlukile. Liphinde eyenziwe utshani khona isithombe sakhe obala yenkosi, Nokho, akekho kubo zazifile emva Revolution French. Khona isithombe sakhe obala kukaHenry IV walingisa amasiko angathi ekhethekile siphile ukuphila yinkosi kakhulu ngendlela izinsuku ezingu-10.

Ekhatsi Saint-Denis, zonke zobungoma bobukhosi ephelezelwa umzimba bamgqumisa kuze kube ngomzuzu wokugcina: uphawu ukuphimisela imishwana sobukhosi kwathatha isandla entsha.

Inkosi ufile ... Kayiphile inkosi!

Ngemva kwalokhu zobungoma ibinzana inkosi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukulandela Reims ngoba wokugcotshwa.

Okusho Saint Denis

Ukuqala yangekhulu XI-XII le abbey isisindo enkulu eFrance akugcini nje angcwaba mithi, kodwa abalandela wabuye waqeqesha is ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele indlovukazi. Abbey of Saint-Denis kwaholela imisebenzi zemfundo Ephakathi, izindela wahlanganyela esiza abantulayo: kwakukhona esibhedlela, ekhaya lasebekhulile futhi lezintandane.

Basilica Abbey sibalulekile yezakhiwo: liwumthombo ukuthuthukiswa isitayela Gothic, ke esizalwa ibala ingilazi ubuciko.

Necropolis Saint-Denis, France, kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa yemikhosi omngcwabo futhi isikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele, lethuna nithela 51.

Ngo-2004 lapha ke wangcwatshwa inhliziyo ka noLouis XVII, indodana Marii Antuanetty, okwathi nakuba engazange imithetho, kodwa wabonwa njengenkosi ngokunqoba emazweni amaningi aseYurophu futhi e-United States.

Indlela ukuya yesonto

Ngu sokukhulekela uyoba nantathu umugqa Paris Metro. Misa ngokuthi Basilique St Denis bebheke simila onganakiwe.

Ungasebenzisa futhi isitimela ngesivinini (Paris iyona emelela Rer), umugqa D, esiteshini ibizwa ngokuthi: Saint Denis.

Imodi ezisebenza ka Basilica

Ngokwengxenye prialtarnuyu yesonto lungatholakala mahhala. Kusuka lapha ungabona yokungcwaba ngokusebenzisa imigoqo. Basilica livulekele izivakashi cishe nsuku zonke, ngaphandle uma kukhona emngcwabeni noma emshadweni. Ukungena ku-yamathuna kwenkokhiso, kuba ohlangothini kwesokudla Cathedral of Saint-Denis. Photo ngaphakathi sinqatshiwe.

Akunamcimbi emlandweni France abakwazanga ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele emathuneni mithi emikhulu, isikhumbuzo zesiko isiFulentshi, ukufakaza ushintsho izikhathi namasiko. On the isivakashi nakanjani ukukhiqiza umxhwele Gothic lombhishobhi yayinamakhothamo, ibala ingilazi virtuoso futhi ngenkathi ehlukile kakhulu isitayela tombstones kusukela Zobumnyama kugcugcutela sokwethembela ovukweni nokuphila okuphakade amatshe ezikhumbuzo Yenguquko.