Yuri Dombrowski: Biography, izincwadi ezingcono kakhulu, izenzakalo main futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Isiphetho abantu abaningi uyakufanelekela isikhathi sakhe ukucwila kube ngubumnyama. Kuyadabukisa kakhulu, ngoba babengase bakwazi ukuzifundisa isizukulwane samanje ukuphila ngempela. Life nemiSebenzi Yuriya Dombrovskogo ngokungabi nabulungisa esilitshelwe futhi kusulwe kusukela izincwadi izincwadi.

Ukwazana lokuqala

Ingabe uyazi ukuthi umuntu, ezifana Yuri Dombrowski? umsunguli we ethandwa kakhulu, kodwa futhi ukhuluma ngesizotha ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ubani lo muntu engingamazi?

umbhali Russian, umlobi nesazi nomcusumbuli etemibhalo - lowo Yuriy Osipovich Dombrovsky. Biography, uhlu lwezincwadi - konke lokhu umxhwele kusukela okokuqala. Nokho, sibheke uhlu imisebenzi yakhe:

• "Derzhavin".
• "Faculty of izinto ezingadingekile."
• "Lona wesifazane omnyama."
• "Monkey efika ugebhezi lwakhe."
• "Umgcini wezinto ezindala."
• "Ukuzalwa igundane."
• "Ithoshi".

Biography: ekuqaleni

Yuri Dombrowski Ngazalelwa eMoscow ngo-May 1909, emkhayeni wabantu bahlakaniphile. Umama wale ngane kuthiwa sesayensi, noyise - nommeli. Njengoba ifinyelele ebudaleni obuthile kuphela, i-Yuri abasha ingena esikoleni hvostovskuyu eyayisesandleni Krivoarbatsky Lane. Ufanele iziqu zakhe, uqala ukuya kwi ephakeme izifundo nezincwadi, futhi ngo-1932 baba ngempumelelo iziqu.

Yokubopha nokudingiswa

1933, wadumala kakhulu. Yuri Dombrowski waboshwa futhi badingiselwa kusuka eMoscow. Isizathu kule wakhonza ifulege engaqondakali etholakale George Igumbi ndawo ababelala kuyo. Ngokwemvelo, kwaba kuphela ibhaxa, kanye nezizathu kweqiniso ngoba ukuxoshwa, kwakuqabukela ozokwazi. Labo ayejwayelene Yuri, zibonisa ukuthi le Ukuxoshwa Alma-Ata, wathola ngoba amazwi akhe elibuhlungu obumelene iziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Ezinye sebekubeke ongaphika isithakazelo Dombrowski ezindabeni zezombangazwe.

ukuphila kuyaqhubeka

Naphezu kwalezo zenzakalo wokuphila, idolobha elisha Yuriy Dombrovsky wazama imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Wayesebenza njengoba isazi semivubukulo, intatheli, ubuciko umhlaziyi, uthisha. Yuri wayeshade owesifazane omuhle, kolimi, kodwa abantwana bakwa-umbhangqwana kwakungafanele.

Nokho, nokuduma futhi, kwathi ngo-1937 umuntu wokuvelela ukuthatha ungaphansi kophenyo. Phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa, ubizwa ancamuka emphakathini. Yuri ke ukudedela. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze isimo iyoba isisekelo yezincwadi zakhe ezimbili.

Inkambu etemibhalo ukuboshwa okwalandela

Umbhali iqala ukushicilela ephephandabeni "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" futhi umagazini "Literary Kazakhstan" ngaphansi igama langempela - Yuri Dombrowski. Izincwadi abangazange okwamanje bagajwa ngokuphelele, kodwa kakade eshicilelwe ingxenye yokuqala inoveli yakhe "Derzhavin" futhi ejele. Ngo-1939, lapho aphinde waboshwa khona, futhi isigwebo emakamu Kolyma.

Liberation, anti-undlovukayiphikiswa ncwadi nokubopha

Ngifike ngo-1943. Yini manje elalihlala Yuri Dombrowski? Umlando wakhe wenza ukujika entsha. Umlobi ebugqilini ngaphansi yeziboshwa, futhi Yuri ibuyisela Alma-Ata ukwenza imisebenzi ezigcawugcawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye lectured ngezinyawo kule nyuvesi imisebenzi uWilliam Shakespeare. Esifanayo kubalulekile ukubhala izincwadi ezifana "Monkey efika ugebhezi lwakhe" futhi "Lona wesifazane omnyama." I eyokuqala yezincwadi equkethwe imibono emelene undlovukayiphikiswa.

1949 imakwe ukuboshwa wesine, imbangela eyasebenza njengodonga ubufakazi Irina kuqhuma - umlobeli we "I-Komsomolskaya Pravda". Yuri wathumela esiphethweni eNorth - Ozerlag.

Ekugcineni, ngemva kweminyaka esindayo wachitha wedwa eNorth, umlobi ngo-1955. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuba khona ukuthula, olinganiselayo futhi eqaphela ukuthi umbuso awazange ayiphule. Yena wayezama ukubhala iqiniso ukutshele abantu, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi esandleni yensimbi iziphathimandla bamthola, ululazekile futhi ubhujiswe. Ngemva ukuboshwa kanye nokuhanjiswa Yuri kwadingeka ukuba Reborn ngokomoya njalo, ukuze uphinde uthole Isifiso sokuzenzela. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukukhanya ukuthi smoldered, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye wakwenza. Kunzima ukuthola umuntu uthando lokuphila futhi isifiso ukudala.

Iso abona yonke into ayakubona iziphathimandla waphawula lokhu kuguqulwa umbhali. wayephule ke Life, kodwa akazange aphule. Yuri bavunyelwe ukuba baphile edolobheni lakubo - eMoscow. Elapho, waqhubeka nenkonzo yakhe yokuba tetemibhalo, kodwa buthule kakhudlwana futhi ucabangisise. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, lapho ayikashintshi imibono yakhe, nje bafunda nokufihla kubo.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo zokuphila

Lapho Yuri wabhala inoveli "Monkey efika ugebhezi lwakhe," umbhalo wesandla olwenziwe cindezela. Nokho, ukuboshwa komlobi okwalandela kwaholela yokuthi yonke imibhalo yesandla sakhe, abakwasidlodlo babaphuca iziphathimandla. Lapho umbhali agcine ekhululiwe e Moscow, okungukuthi, ngemva kokunyamalala isikhathi neminyaka eminingi, ngafika kuye engaziwa. Leli gama le ndoda esehlale ezingaxazululeki. Waletha ukulondolozwa Yuri wesandla, nakuba ngokomyalo kwakudingeka bashise ke.

Yuri wathatha inoveli ezinzima kakhulu eziyihlazo ngu uSolzhenitsyn. Ezincwadini uPawulu ebhalela umbhali lidumisa elidumile umbuso ongqongqoshe elulaza ngobuqotho futhi ehloniphekile. Yuri kwaholela ekubeni Iqiniso lokuthi le ndoda owabhala amanoveli onjalo, Kwakuthi lapho sezingenile ekamu kuphela 'nesithupha' amandla phezu kwabantu.

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, ngaphandle izixhumanisi, umlobi tematheksthi esiyingqayizivele ehluphekile isihluku womuntu evamile. Izikhathi eziningi nje washaywa, kodwa ukuya amaphoyisa isitatimende kungaba ukumane iwubuphukuphuku. Izinto ezingenziwanga yomphakathi, futhi kancane kancane ukhohlwe ngabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali njalo kwaba okuqondiswe abashushisi wama-KGB. Kuyiqiniso kancane aziwayo, futhi kuphela umndeni ngangazi ukuthi indoda yabantu efuna ukwenza, zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe wahamba njengoba ngaphansi isibhamu.

A kancane mayelana izincwadi ezidumile

"Umgcini wezinto ezindala"

Yuri Dombrowski, ogama izincwadi zanyatheliswa kuphela izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu, hhayi abasazethembi, futhi uyaqhubeka ukubhala. Ngo-1964 wanyathelisa inoveli "umgcini wezinto ezindala," okuyinto kusukela igama yokudlala uchaza ukuzidela kwakhe cheerless uxoshwe eMoscow.

"Faculty of izinto ezingadingekile"

Le ncwadi wethulwa efanayo ngo-1964. Waba umbhali phezulu zokudala. Lapho usuqedile incwadi ngo-1975, umlobi wayengabhala noma ukulishicilela ekhaya, ngakho ngemva kweminyaka emithathu wanyathelisa ke eFrance ngesiRashiya.

Ingqikithi yalo mkhiqizo eliza izimiso zobuKristu emhlabeni okunonya. Izinhlamvu main - lokhu "lesihlanu" zalesi simiso uStalin ukuthi njalo usebenze umbuso.

ukufa

Ngemva kokudedelwa yemikhuba yehlelo kumbhali lakhe laqanjwa kabuhlungu, ukuphila hung balance. Ngenxa yalokho, wafa esibhedlela kusukela esiqine ukopha zangaphakathi ngoMeyi 1978. Sungula ungubani abashayayo eziningana kuhlulekile. Icala ngokushesha obugcwele phezulu futhi akekho oyazi amagama ababulali umuntu omkhulu kweqiniso. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukushaywa senzeka eduze eNdlini Writers ', okuyinto wayalwa futhi Yuri.

Izihlobo wangcwatshwa umbhali ku Kuzminskiy Emangcwabeni eMoscow. Ngemva kokufa komlobi imisebenzi yakhe wabona wonke. izincwadi abathathu esikhishwe umndeni nabangane somlobi.